Title: |
Prediction of PVT
properties of ammonia by using artificial neural network and equations
of state |
Author (s): |
Amir Sharifi, Abdolreza
Moghadassi, Fahime Parvizian and Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
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Abstract: |
Ammonia is an important
gas that plays significant role in many processes. Consequently,
knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of Ammonia is necessary for
the interpretation of physical and chemical processes. A new method
based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for prediction of
thermodynamic properties has been proposed for both superheated and
saturated region of Ammonia. For this development, the data sets that
collected from Ammonia thermodynamic table [Perry’s Chemical
Engineering Handbook] were used. After training the networks, the models
were tested by unseen data to evaluate their accuracy and trend
stability. Among this training the back-propagation learning algorithm
with various training such as Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Levenberg-Marquardt
(LM) and Resilient Backpropagation (RP) methods were used. The
best suitable algorithm with appropriate number of seven neurons in the
hidden layer which provides the minimum Mean Square Error (MSE),
0.0000900135, is found to be the SCG algorithm. Then ANN's results were
compared with results of some equations of state such as Lee
Kesler, NRTL, Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng Robinson. Comparisons
showed the ANN capability for prediction of the thermodynamic properties
of Ammonia.
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Title: |
Combined economic and
emission dispatch using evolutionary algorithms-A case study
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Author (s): |
A. Lakshmi Devi and O.
Vamsi Krishna
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Abstract: |
An efficient and
optimum economic operation of electric power generation systems has
always occupied an important position in the electric power industry.
This involves allocation of the total load between the available
generating units in such a way that the total cost of operation is kept
at a minimum. In recent years this problem has taken a suitable twist as
the public has become increasingly concerned with environmental matters,
so that economic dispatch now includes the dispatch of systems to
minimize pollutants, as well as to achieve minimum cost. This paper
proposes a lambda based approach for solving the Combined Economic and
Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methodologies considering the power
limits of the generator. The purpose of Combined Economic and Emission
Dispatch (CEED) is to minimize both the operating fuel cost and emission
level simultaneously while satisfying load demand and operational
constraints. This multi-objective CEED problem is converted into a
single objective function using a modified price penalty factor
approach.
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Title: |
Solar photocatalytic
treatment of phenolic wastewater- potential, challenges and
opportunities
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Author (s): |
S. Shanmuga Priya, M.
Premalatha and N. Anantharaman
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Abstract: |
Quantity of water use
in Indian industries is very high compared to other countries water
usage. Inefficient water use by industry in
India
creates lot of problems. This quantity could be reduced to a minimal by
recycling the water after sufficient treatment. The available treatment
processes do not aim at sufficient treatment required for recycling of
water but it concentrates more on achieving the standards, hence
complicating the process. Complicated Effluent Treatment process neither
helps in recycling of water nor getting standards achieved but results
in higher energy consumption for Effluent Treatment Plant. This work
aims at sufficient in-situ treatment of wastewater and recycling of
water for low-grade applications in the industry. Complete destruction
of the contaminant is possible using inexhaustible, free source of
energy from sunlight thus consuming very less primary energy for its
operation. Photocatalytic experiments were carried out using laboratory
photo reactor for degradation of phenol wastewater. The experiments were
carried out with 0.2 g/L of TiO2 catalyst for different concentration of
phenol wastewater ranging from 20, 50,100,200,300,400 and 600 ppm. It is
found that complete degradation of phenol is possible in a reasonable
time (i.e. less than 5 hrs) when concentration of phenol is ≤100
ppm. The paper also reviews the potential, opportunities and challenges
of solar photocatalytic wastewater treatment for Indian environmental
conditions. |
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Title: |
Gasoline production from
palm oil via catalytic cracking using MCM-41: Determination of optimum
condition
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Author (s): |
Dessy Y. Siswanto, Giyanto
W. Salim, Nico Wibisono, Herman Hindarso, Yohanes Sudaryanto and Suryadi
Ismadji
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Abstract: |
The catalytic cracking
of palm oil involves parallel cracking reactions which produce organic
liquid product (OLP), non-condensable gas and coke. OLP consists of
gasoline, kerosene and diesel, all can be used as alternative fuels. The
objective of this study was to determine the effect of operating
conditions: oil to catalyst (O/C) ratios and Weight Hourly Space
Velocities (WHSVs)) to the feed conversion, OLP yield and gasoline
yield. The optimum conditions of OLP production was also obtained in
this study. The experiment was conducted in a fixed bed microreactor at
a temperature of 450°C. The WHSVs were varied at a range of 15 to 25 h-1.While
the O/C ratios were varied at the range of 30 to 50. The results show
that the highest yield of OLP was 60.73 wt% at O/C ratio of 32.50 and
WHSV of 19.38 h-1. |
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Title: |
Synthesis and
characterization of some Diorganotin(iv) complexes of N-tolyl- m-Nitrobenzohydroxamic
acid
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Author (s): |
Abdualbasit Graisa, Yang
Farina, Emad Yousif and Mohamed Kassem
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Abstract: |
New diorganotin(IV)
complexes of the type Ph2SnL2, Bu2SnL2
and Me2SnL2 of the ligand N-tolyl m-Nitrobenzohydroxamic
acid. Ligand formed by condensation reaction of 3-Nitrobenzoyl chloride
with N-tolyl hydroxylamine in presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate as a
catalyst. The prepared complexes were characterized by FTIR
Spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, 1HNMR and 13CNMR.
From the spectral measurements, monomer structures for the complexes
were proposed. Octahedral geometry was proposed for the complex
prepared. |
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Title: |
Consolidation behavior of
piles under pure lateral loadings
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Author (s): |
Qassun S. Mohammed Shafiqu
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Abstract: |
The results of
two-dimensional finite element analysis of piles under pure lateral
loadings in saturated porous medium are described herein. The soils are
characterized using the Mohr Coulomb model in which together with the
finite element formulation are described and verified. Transient
analysis of pile problem is then carried out, and the results of the
analysis are presented which demonstrate the effects of the
consolidation process on the lateral response of the pile under lateral
loadings. Lower lateral loading gives lower differences in deformations
with time and being significant with increasing load. Also lateral soil
pressure and shear stress in soil increased with time and depth but in a
rate lowered as the lateral load decreased.
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Title: |
Particle trajectories in a
three phase common enclosure gas insulated busduct with
Monte Carlo
technique
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Author (s): |
M. Venu Gopala Rao, J.
Amarnath and
S. Kamakshaiah
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Abstract: |
The excellent
insulation properties of compressed sulphur hexaflouride are adversely
affected by metallic particle contamination in practical gas insulated
systems. The movement of such particles is random and the particles play
a crucial role in determining the insulation behavior of GIS. A
Three-phase enclosure-type gas insulated bus (GIB) has widely been
applied to minimize the installation space of a substation. To determine
the particle trajectories in a three-phase common enclosure Gas
Insulated Bus duct (GIB) an outer enclosure of diameter 500 mm and inner
conductors of diameters 64 mm spaced equilaterally are considered.
Aluminum, copper and silver particles were considered to be present on
enclosure surface. In order to determine the random behavior of moving
particles, the calculation of movement in axial and radial directions
was carried at every time step using rectangular random numbers.
Simulation of Particle Movement with Reduced Phase Conductor is also
carried out with a view to obtain optimum size of conductor for reliable
operation by reducing the original diameter of the conductor from 64mm
to 54mm in steps of 5 mm. At each reduced diameter the particle movement
is calculated at each instant in both radial and axial directions using
Monte Carlo Technique.
Monte Carlo
simulation is also carried out by changing the random solid angle from 1
degree to 0.5 degrees. The random solid angle is decreased to 0.5
degrees to take into account more smooth end profile of the particle. It
is observed that a lower solid angle random movement yields a lower
axial movement. It therefore suggests that a more smooth ended wire will
have lesser axial movement than a sharp cut wire like particle.
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Title: |
Technical challenges on
Microgrids
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Author (s): |
A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed
and M. A. Hannan
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Abstract: |
Microgrids are becoming
increasingly attractive to consumers and as such in the future, a great
number of them will be installed at consumer’s sites. In this
situation, conventional distribution networks that accept distributed
generation connections may face serious difficulty when its control and
protection functions become more complicated. This incurs a burden to
the network operation and some technical limitations will appear when a
great number of distributed generations are installed. One way of
overcoming such problems, a micro grid system is formed to provide
reliable electricity and heat delivering services by connecting
distributed generations and loads together within a small area. A
microgrid is usually connected to an electrical distribution network in
an autonomous way and employs various distributed generation
technologies such as micro-turbine, fuel cell, photovoltaic system
together with energy storage devices such as battery, condenser and
flywheel. Micro grids can cause several technical problems in its
operation and control when operated as autonomous systems. This paper is
a review of three technical challenges on micro grid with respect to
voltage and frequency control, islanding and protection of microgrids. |
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Title: |
Prediction of elactic
properties of FRP composite lamina for longitudinal loading
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Author (s): |
Syed Altaf Hussain, B.
Sidda Reddy and V. Nageswara Reddy
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Abstract: |
A structural composite
is a material system consisting of two or more phases on a macroscopic
scale, whose mechanical performance and properties are designed to be
superior to those of constituent materials acting independently. FRP
composites are slowly emerging from the realm of advanced materials and
are replacing conventional materials in a variety of applications.
However, the mechanics of fiber-reinforced composites is complex owing
to their anisotropic and heterogeneous characteristics. The mechanical
properties E1,E2,υ12, and G12
are determined for three different types of FRP (Glass/Epoxy
composite, Graphite/Epoxy composite and Kevlar/Epoxy composite)
unidirectional continuous fiber lamina at different fiber volume
fractions using the finite element method. A finite element model
incorporating the necessary boundary conditions is developed and is
solved using commercially available FEA package. The results are
compared with analytical solution possible. |
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Title: |
Voltage stability
constrained ATC computations in deregulated power system using novel
technique
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Author (s): |
P. Gopi Krishna and T.
Gowri Manohar
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Abstract: |
The voltage stability
constrained Available Transfer Capability (ATC) computations are
obtained on IEEE 9-bus by running load flow until the voltage collapse
point is achieved by enhancing the load in steps with constant power
factor. These results are used to train the Neural Network by using
Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFN) technique. The comparative
results of convergence method, L-index method and RBFN network are
presented in this study. The results are certainly useful in an online
environment of deregulated power system in view of computational
simplicity, time and computer memory.
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Title: |
Finite element analysis of
consolidation problem in several types of cohesive soils using the
bounding surface model
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Author (s): |
Qassun S. Mohammed Shafiqu
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Abstract: |
Finite element analyses
of consolidation problem in several types of saturated cohesive soils
were performed using the elastoplastic bounding surface model. In this
paper, the model and the finite element formulation were described and
examples of model prediction and accuracy of the finite element
formulation were given. The transient response of the saturated porous
media is based on Biot’s theory of consolidation. Transient analysis
of a two-dimensional consolidation problem involving a flexible strip
footing on a clay layer of finite thickness is then carried out which
demonstrate the effects of consolidation process and model parameters on
the pore pressure response and ground movements under the strip footing.
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