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| Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science
January 2009 | Vol. 4 No. 1 |
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Title: |
Prevalence of
infectious bursal disease in broiler in district Peshawar |
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Author (s): |
Raj Wali Khan,
Farhan Anwar Khan, Kamran Farid, Izhar Khan and Muhammad
Tariq |
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Abstract: |
Fifty
broiler farms of district Peshawar suspected for infectious
bursal disease (IBD) were studied during the period of 25th
September to 20th October 2007. On the basis of history and
detailed postmortem pathological lesions, the prevalence of
IBD in district Peshawar was 7.75% and was highest in town 3
of Peshawar district (8.085%). The mortality and morbidity
rates were found to be 6.38% and 1.35%, respectively. In
district Peshawar the highest mortality rate was recorded in
town 1 of district Peshawar with 7.037% and morbidity was
highest in town 2 with 1.847%. The major macroscopic lesions
observed in this study were hemorrhages on thigh and breast
muscles, kidneys were found swollen and principal lesions
were in the bursa of fabricious which appeared inflamed,
edematous, hyperemic and finally hemorrhagic and atrophied.
Four weeks old broilers were highly susceptible to IBD (38%)
followed by 3rd week (28%) and 5th week (28%) and no
clinical case was found positive for IBD in first two weeks
of age. |
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Title: |
Development of
Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) with improved
quality traits through interspecific hybridization with
elite lines of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea |
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Author (s): |
F. A. Sheikh,
Shashi Banga, S. S. Banga, S. Najeeb, B. A. Lone, Asif B.
Shikari and A. G. Rather |
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Abstract: |
The present
study was undertaken to develop agronomically superior
genotypes of Brassica carinata (BBCC 2n = 34) having
improved oil and meal quality. Interspecific hybridization
was used to enhance the spectrum of genetic variability for
desired oil and meal quality traits using elite genotypes of
two related species viz. B. napus (AACC 2n = 38) and B.
juncea (AABB 2n = 36) as donor parents. Genes from B. napus
and B. juncea were successfully introgressed into B.
carinata cv. PC 5. Individual plants with low erucic acid
(11.8% in BNC 2 vs. 45.5% in PC 5), high oleic acid (26.5%
in BNC2 vs 11.2% in PC 5) and high oil content (41.5% in
BJC1 vs. 34.5% in PC 5) could be isolated. |
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Title: |
Selection of
stress-tolerant rhizobial isolates of wild legumes growing
in dry regions of Rajasthan, India |
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Author (s): |
Ali S. F.,
Rawat L. S., Meghvansi M. K. and Mahna S. K. |
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Abstract: |
An attempt
has been made to evaluate the effect of abiotic constraints
(salt, pH and temperature) on the growth of rhizobia
isolated from Leucaena leucocephala, Tephrosia purpurea and
Crotalaria medicaginea grown in arid and semiarid regions of
Rajasthan with a view to screen out stress tolerant
isolates. A total of 27 isolates have been used for
screening their stress tolerating ability with contrast to
environmental abiotic soil conditions commonly prevailing in
arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. All the isolates
were phenotypically and biochemically characterized followed
by their plant assay test in growth pouches and pot
experiment under controlled environmental conditions. Growth
of pure rhizobial isolates on Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM)
medium having variable range of pH (4.0 to 10.0) and
different concentrations of NaCl (0.01-4.5 %) were recorded
at 540 nm using UV-VIS spectrophotometer after incubation at
28± 20C for two days. Survival of rhizobial isolates under
variable stress of temperature was also selected using
Thermal Death Point (TDP) process. On the basis of
comparison of growth under varied stress conditions, five
rhizobial isolates from each salt and pH stress study (salt
tolerant: ALL-1, ALL-4, ALL-5, BLL-1 and BLL-2; pH tolerant:
ATP-2, ATP-3, ATP-4, ATP-9 and ACM-2), where as seven root
nodulating bacteria from temperature tolerant: ALL-1, ALL-2,
BLL-1, BLL-7, ATP-2 ATP-3, and ATP- 9) were screened out.
The stress tolerant traits of these rhizobia are of
potential value from the point of view of biofertilization
of legume seedlings during a forestation of degraded areas
in arid and semi-arid tropics of Rajasthan. |
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Title: |
Vegetative
propagation of the large sour plum (Ximenia caffra Sond)
by rooting of plagiotropic stem cuttings |
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Author (s): |
B. Owuor, D.
Musyimi, M. Ocaido and J. Asimwe |
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Abstract: |
An
investigation was undertaken to establish the influence of
rooting media and application of hormones and length of
cutting on survival and rooting of plagiotropic stem
cuttings of large sour plum (Ximenia caffra sond) at
Botanical garden of the Department of Botany and
Horticulture, at Maseno University, Kenya during the year
2006-2007. Cuttings were collected from Kitmikayi and Gembe
Hills sacred site in Lake Victoria region in Kenya. Two
experiments were established. The first experiment evaluated
the effect of three media substrates [Sand (SA), sawdust (Sd),
sand: sawdust mixture (Sa/Sd)] and two stem-cutting sizes
(single and double node) on components of rooting and
eventual rooting of the stem cuttings. The second experiment
evaluated the effect of different concentrations of µ-Naphthallic
acetic acid hormone (0, 20, 80,140, and 200 mg/l) and two
types of rooting substrates on survival and rooting of
plagiotropic stem cuttings. Rooting media, stem cutting size
and different concentrations of µ-NAA hormone had no
significant influence on survival, callus formation,
formation of root primordia and rooting of the stem cuttings
(p > 0.05). Single node cuttings had similar survival (59%),
with double node stem cuttings (56%) in sand substrate. The
study presents evidence of successful rooting of large sour
plum using the two types of substrates with or without
hormone treatment. The use of these substrates with single
node stem cuttings could facilitate faster domestication of
large sour plum in an effort to improve income for poor
subsistence farmers in the Lake Victoria basin. |
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Title: |
Effect of
split doses of nitrogen and seed rate on protein content,
protein fractions and yield of wheat |
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Author (s): |
Hitesh Shashi
Madan and Renu Munjal |
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Abstract: |
A semidwarf,
high yielding with good quality traits Wheat variety viz. WH
711 was evaluated to study the effect of seed rate and
nitrogen application (in split doses) on protein, protein
fractions and yield of wheat. The results showed that
splitting of recommended dose of nitrogen recorded higher
total protein content (12.68%) as compared to control
(10.23%). Similarly more true protein content was observed
with split dose of N application (10.8%) as compared to
control (7.8%). Among different fraction of proteins, the
albumin fraction increased with increase in seed rate while
prolamin and glutenin fractions remained unaffected. The
albumin and the globulin fractions increased with splitting
of nitrogen however, prolamin and glutenin fractions
remained unaffected. Composition of high molecular weight
glutenin subunits (HMW- GS) was determined by SDS-PAGE. The
grain yield increased with increase in split doses of
nitrogen and seed rate. Grain yield was significantly higher
at 125 kg/ha and 112.5 kg/ha as compared to 100 kg/ha seed
rate. Splitting of recommended dose of nitrogen increased
the grain yield by 4.1%. |
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Title: |
Spiral
structure of the winding cell wall layer of a cotton fiber |
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Author (s): |
Paiziev A. and
Krakhmalev V. |
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Abstract: |
The
morphological features of so named “winding layer” in the
secondary cell wall of normal and abnormal thin hairs for
cotton varieties G. hisutum L., G. barbadense,
G. herbaseum L. were studied. Last one is known as
defective “thin filament”. The nature and features of normal
and thin hairs swelled in cuproammonium solution
(Schweitzer’s reagent) is described. The comparative
analysis of “winding layer” of two kinds of cotton hairs
is performed and it is shown that linear density helixes
of winding layer along hair 3-5 times as much than for
normal cotton hairs. It is shown that against of normal
hairs in thin hairs the cellulose micro fibrils are oriented
not under 8-30ş (as usual take place for normal cotton
hairs) along growth axis. Based on the features of coiled
layer of thin cotton hairs the example of pathological
defective thin filament is discussed. |
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Title: |
Effect of
aqueous extract of plant mixture on carcass quality of
broiler chicks |
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Author (s): |
Muhammad Javed,
Fazil-Raziq Durrani, Abdul Hafeez, Rifat Ullah Khan and Ijaz
Ahmad |
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Abstract: |
A research
study was conducted to find the effect of Zingiber
officinale, Carum apticum, withania somnifera, Trigonella
Foenum Graecum, Silybum marianum, Allium sativum and
Berberis lyceum, on the growth performance of broiler
chicks. A total of 240 day old chicks were purchased and
were reared for 35 days in summer month. Feed and water were
provided ad libitum. Total numbers of chicks were divided
into four groups (A, B, C and D) each having 60 chicks. Each
group was further subdivided into three groups (replicates)
each having 20 chicks. Aqueous extract of these plants was
mixed at the rate of 5, 10 and 15 ml/lit with water offered
to group B, C and D, respectively while group A served as a
control. Mean weight gain, dressing percentage, breast
weight and leg weight were significantly high (P<0.05) in
group C with lower FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) while mean
feed intake was significantly high in control group. It was
concluded from this study that these locally available
plants if offered as supplement to broiler may result in
improvement of broiler efficiency. |
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Title: |
Induced
synchrony in pod maturity in mungbean {Vigna radiata
(L.) Wilczek} |
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Author (s): |
Priya R. Tah |
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Abstract: |
The aim of
this study was to investigate the synchrony in the maturity
of mungbean and to study the correlation in days to
flowering and pod maturity in two diverse mungbean genotypes
through induced mutagenesis. The mungbean genotype K851 was
the best combiner for early flowering and early pod maturity
where as accession Sona was the best general combiner for
more synchrony in pod maturity. The best specific
combination for early flowering and early pod maturity was
in K851 and for highest synchrony in pod maturity was in
Sona. Degree of indetermination (DDd) was controlled by both
additive and dominance gene effects with predominant effect
of additive component. Only additive and dominance gene
effects controlled the days to first flower (DDd1)
and degree of indetermination from first pod maturity to 90%
pod maturity (DDd2), respectively. The high
narrow and broad sense heritability for days to first
flower, days to first pod maturity and 90% pod maturity
revealed more proportion of their genetic variation due to
additive gene effects. The selection for synchrony in pod
maturity is suggested to be made in advanced generation due
to the low narrow sense heritability for degree of
indetermination from first flower to 90% pod maturity. |
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Title: |
The anaerobic
digestion of cattail weeds to produce methane using American
cockroach gut microorganisms |
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Author (s): |
Anthony Manoni
Mshandete |
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Abstract: |
The
objective of this study was to characterize anaerobic batch
digestion of cattail weeds botanical fractions singly and in
combination using American cockroach gut microorganisms as
an inoculum. The effects of increasing concentration of
cattail weeds expressed as percentage of total solids (TS)
from 5, 15, to 30 and 60% on methane yield was investigated
at ambient temperature of 29±1°C. The results showed that
highest methane yields were obtained at 5% TS for both
individual and mixed cattail botanical fractions. A maximum
methane yield of 447 CH4 ml/g volatile solids (VS) and 288
ml/gVS added were obtained from leaves and whole cattail
weeds (comprised of spikes, leaves, stems rhizomes and roots
each 20% wet weight), respectively. An average methane
content in the range of 72 and 79% was obtained in the
biogas produced at 5 to 60% TS for both separate and mixed
cattail botanical fractions. Lower TS % led to faster onset
of biogas production and higher methane productivity.
Blending of cattail botanical fraction at 5 to 60%TS in
general did not improve the methane yield compared to that
obtained from separate botanical fractions. Methane yield
obtained from whole cattail weed was less by a factor of 1.6
compared to that of leaves at 5%TS. It was concluded, that
anaerobic digestion of cattail weed is feasible and could
serve the dual roles for producing biogas, a clean renewable
energy and reducing the weed as part of its management.
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Title: |
Effect of
fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract on
visceral organs of broiler chicks |
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Author (s): |
Farman Ullah
Khan, F. R. Durrani, Asad Sultan, Rifat Ullah Khan and
Shabana Naz |
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Abstract: |
The purpose
of this research work was to evaluate the seed extract
(aqueous) on the visceral organs of broiler chicks. One
hundred and sixty, day old broiler chicks were randomly
assigned to four treatments A, B, C and D. Each treatment
was replicated four times with ten chicks per replicate.
Group A, B, C received the aqueous extract of Fenugreek @
10, 20 and 30 ml/L, respectively while group D served as a
control. Chicks were reared in cages (3x4 feet) in an open
sided house. Data were recorded for. Statistical analyses
were conducted, using Completely Randomized Design and
MSTATC programme. Liver weight was not significant in any
group, however, it was higher in group B and C. Gizzard
weight though did not increased however, in treated group it
was higher than control. In contrast intestines weight was
higher in control group as compared to treated groups. It
was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of
Fenugreek has amply good effect on the weight on visceral
organs which are second to none in importance in both taste
and popularity among the people. |
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