ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science       ISSN 1990-6145
   
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ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science                                    January 2016 | Vol. 11  No. 1
 
Title:

Bio-economics of foliar applied gb and k on drought stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Author (s):

Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Imran Haider Khan and Aamir Raza

Abstract:

Experiment was conducted during 2009-10 at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad and repeated during 2010-11 at Agronomy Farm, University of Agriculture, and Faisalabad to look into the economic feasibility of exogenous application of glycinebetaine and or potassium in improving wheat production under drought conditions. Field oriented research consist of different doses of glycinebetaine (0, 50,100 and 150 mM) and potassium (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) arranged in randomized complete block design (factorial arrangement) with three replications. Maximum grain yield was recorded with combined foliar spray of 100 mM GB and 1.5% K. Maximum net field benefits were obtained where crop was sprayed with 50 mM GB + 1.5% K, while maximum marginal rate of return (MRR) was obtained by applying only 0.5% K. 

 
       
 
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Title:

Comparison of biological and chemical control methods against whiteflies and thrips in green house herbs in the central rift valley of Ethiopia

Author (s):

Gashawbeza Ayalew

Abstract:

Efficacy of the parasitoid Eretmocerus ermicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirski (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) were compared with conventional insecticides against whiteflies and thrips on herbs at Florensis farm in Koka, Ethiopia. Both biocontrol agents were released weekly in a green house measuring 500 m2 and having nine herb species and 22 varieties. The parasitoid and the predator were released at a rate of 12 and 100 individual’s m-2, respectively. In an adjacent green house having the same size and host species diversity, a total of 14different insecticides were applied91 times on 75 different dates according to the practice followed by the farm. Adult insect pest population was monitored weekly using sticky yellow cards in each green house. Immatures of the insect pests and parasitized mummies including mobile swirski mites were estimated from leaf samples of forty randomly selected plants in each green house weekly. Thrips population in both green houses was low in the first three to four months (November to January/February). After January/February, thrips population in the biological control green house (BCGH) was lower than the conventional insecticide green house (CIGH). On the hand, white fly population was higher in BCGH than the CIGH throughout the experimental period. The predatory mite as measured by the proportion of plants having the predator was low initially (November through January) which later increased with time. On the other hand, the parasitoid was almost nil throughout the experimental period. Overall lower thrips number in BCGH than in CIGH and the presence of A. swirski in good number later in the season suggest the need and importance of considering A. swirski as an integral component of thrips management in herbs. Its use, however, entails use of effective biocontrol agents or Integrated Pest Management compatible products against the concurrently occurring white flies. Eretmocerus ermicus establishment was very poor and hence its influence on the pests.

 
 
 
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Title:

Size structure and reproductive phenology of the Suckermouth sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (weber 1991) from Marikina River, Philippines

Author (s):

Joycelyn C. Jumawan, Annabelle Aliga Herrera, Jess H. Jumawan and Benjamin Vallejo Jr

Abstract:

The length-weight relationships (LWR), sex ratio and gonado-somatic index (GSI) of the suckermouth sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus caught in 2010-2011 from Marikina River, Philippines was reported to provide information essential for management of this invasive species in non-native ranges.  Pooled LWRs for males and females was expressed by Log W= 0.1396 (LS) 2.74 (r2=0.975), suggesting negative allometric growth. Gonadosomatic index show a peak in reproduction during the rainy months (June-August). Sex ratio did not deviate from the 1:1 ratio, although females were more numerous during the spawning season. Males dominated the larger size classes (41-45 cm SL). Females are highly fecund and are spawning capable even at smaller sizes compared to its congeners.

 
 
 
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Title:

Microbiological quality of raw milk produced and distributed in Khartoum State, Sudan

Author (s):

Siham A. Rahamtalla, Nahla A. H. Elsheikh and Mohamed O. M. Abdalla

Abstract:

This study was carried out to assess the microbiological quality of raw milk collected from distribution channels in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 150 samples were collected from small dairy farms, pick-up trucks and venders on donkeys’ cart and transported to the laboratory at ≤4°C for total viable bacteria (TVB), Staphylococcus aureus, coliform bacteria and yeasts and moulds counts determination. The results showed that the number of TVB, coliform bacteria and S. aureus counts were higher in samples collected from Omdurman town (Log 9.29 ± 0.66, Log 7.11 ± 0.07 and Log 7.08 ± 0.54 cfu/ml respectively), while the highest yeasts and moulds count was in samples collected from Khartoum North (Log 7.07 ± 0.60 cfu/ml).  According to the distribution channels, the highest TVB, coliform bacteria, S. aureus and yeasts and moulds counts were in samples collected from pick-up trucks (Log 9.22 ± 0.64, Log 7.21 ± 0.25, Log 7.37 ± 0.57 and Log 7.17 ± 0.17 cfu/ml, respectively).  In Omdurman town, the highest TVB count was in samples collected from pick-up trucks (Log 9.82 ± 0.16 cfu/ml), the highest coliform bacteria and S. aureus counts were in samples collected from venders on donkey cart (Log 7.24 ± 0.23 and Log 7.34 ± 0.23 cfu/ml respectively), while the highest yeasts and moulds count was in samples collected from pick-up trucks and venders on donkey cart (Log 7.23 ± 0.19 and Log 7.23 ± 0.23 cfu/ml respectively).  In Khartoum North, the highest TVB, colifrom bacteria and S. aureus counts were in samples collected from pick-up trucks (Log 8.61 ± 0.46, Log 7.19 ± 0.28 and Log 7.52 ± 0.53 cfu/ml respectively), while the highest yeasts and mould count was in samples collected from farms (Log 7.44 ± 0.30 cfu/ml). The result indicated poor bacteriological quality of raw milk samples from the three marketing distribution channels in two locations and there is an urgent need to implement good hygiene practices from farm through marketing channel to the consumer.

 
 
 
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Title:

Effect of supplementary feeding of Azolla on growth performance of broiler rabbits

Author (s):

Anitha K. C., Y. B. Rajeshwari, T. M. Prabhu, M. Vivek Patil, J. Shilpa Shree and P. K. Anupkumar

Abstract:

The study was carried out to search for alternatives to concentrates led us to a wonderful plant Azolla, which holds the promise of providing a sustainable feed for livestock. The objective of the study is to study the effect of supplementary feeding sun dried Azolla (Azollapinnata) on growth performance of broiler rabbits. Thirty weaned rabbits of 410-420g comparable body weights were selected and were divided into three groups (T1, T2 and T3), so that each group comprised of ten rabbits (six males and four females). T1 served as control, T2 contain 1.5 per cent of dried Azolla (30 per cent of fresh Azolla), T3 contain 3.0 per cent of dried Azolla (60 per cent of fresh Azolla) and animals were housed in individual cages. The results revealed non-significant body weight gains in all the treatment groups. The results indicated that the rabbits of control group had significantly higher feed efficiency in T1 (5.30) compared to T2 (6.00) and T3 (6.03) groups. Therefore, might be suggested that the feeding of Azolla in dried form resulted in non-significant difference in the performance of rabbits. However, further studies on digestibility were necessary to study the proper utilization of Azolla.

 
 
 
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Title:

Stochastic simulation of different breeding scenarios of open nucleus strategy for genetic improvement of Iranian native buffaloes

Author (s):

Morteza Salehinezhad, Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi and AliAsghar Sadeghi

Abstract:

A stochastic simulation model of an open nucleus scheme was used to study the consequences of the different scenarios of open nucleus breeding strategy based on Iranian buffalo population’s parameters and structure which were provided by Livestock Breeding Center of Iran from years 2003 to 2010. Traits of milk production (MP) milk fat production (MF), age at first calving (AFC) and interval between first and second calving (CI) were selected. The genetic gain was calculated for 10 generations. For animals in the base population a vector of breeding values (bvi) were calculated. After genetic evaluation of base population, selection of the parents were made. Superior males and females were selected as nucleus animals under given criterions. Dimension of nucleus was three times bigger than herd sizes. The highest value for aggregate genotype (H) was represented in scenario 18 by value of 3332.174±41.023. Also, cumulative genetic gain in open nucleus after 10 generations of selection in scenario 18 were 5798.056±72.134 kg, 7.993±0.694 kg, -3.711±0.359 months and -3.730±0.885 days for milk yield, milk fat, AFC and CI, respectively. Trend of Genetic gains were increasing and positive for productive traits including milk yield and milk fat in all of scenarios in open nucleus strategies across ten generations. Conversely, for traits of age at first calving (AFC) and interval between first and second calving (CI) genetic trends were decreasing and negative because of their negative economic values. Also average inbreeding coefficient of each scenario was ascending across generations and its value was between 0.049±0.05 to 0.111±0.012.

 
 
 
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Title:

Early generation testing for specific combining ability and heterotic effects in maize variety Sarhad white

Author (s):

Liaqat Shah, Hidayat ur Rahman, Asif Ali, Kashif Ali Shah1, Hongqi Si, Wang Sheng Xing and Cao Xue Lian

Abstract:

Specific combining ability and heterotic effects for grain yield, flowering and morphological traits in maize variety Sarhad white analysed through Line x Tester mating design using 25 S2 lines and two testers during kharif and rabi crop seasons of 2008-09. Observations were recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height, ear height and grain yield. Among 50 evaluated testcrosses viz., 173 x Jalal, 192-1 x Jalal, 231-1 x Jalal, 237-1 x Jalal, 46-1 x Kiramat, 65-1 x Kiramat, 91-3 x Kiramat, 119-1 x Kiramat, 126-1 x Kiramat, and 195-1 x Kiramat, were identified as good specific combiners for grain yield. These hybrids could be utilized in maize heterosis breeding to exploit hybrid vigor. Significant negative heterosis over mid parent of flowering traits was exhibited for TC- 12-2, TC- 77-2, TC- 79-2, TC- 91-3, TC- 119-1, TC- 122-2, 126-1 and TC- 231-1. Maximum mid parent heterosis was detected for Kiramat crossed with SW 128-1 and SW-197-2 for plant height and ear height, respectively. Significant positive heterosis over mid parent of grain yield was found for TC- 12-2, TC- 77-2, TC- 151-1, TC- 220-1 and TC- 222-1. Significant negative heterosis over better parent of flowering traits was exhibited for all the testcrosses. Better parent heterosis for plant height ranged from -1.63 to 46.00%, while for ear height better parent heterosis varied from -20.53 to 14.21%. Significant positive heterosis over better parent of grain yield was showed for most of the testcrosses. Thus these crosses possess high heterosis which could be exploited commercially for higher yield in maize.

 
 
 
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