|
|
| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science February 2012 | Vol.
7 No. 2 |
|
Title: |
The role
of extension in increasing canola production in Iran |
|
Author (s): |
Seyed
Jamal Hosseini, Hooman Haji Maleki and Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi |
|
Abstract: |
The major purpose of this
research was to explore perception of the canola producers
in the Qazvin Province of Iran about the role of extension
activities in increasing production of canola.
Based on the perception of respondents, it was found
out that recommendation by extension agents were the first
preference of farmers that could influence the production of
canola. The results show that
the extension activities caused 23 % of variance on
the dependence variable of increasing canola production.
|
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Rates and
methods of nitrogen and sulfur application influence and
cost benefit analysis of wheat |
|
Author (s): |
Beena
Saeed, Hasina Gul, Nishat Lal Badshah, Latafat Parveen and
Ayub Khan |
|
Abstract: |
The field study was conducted at New
Developmental Farm, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Agricultural
University, Peshawar, Pakistan for economic analysis of
different nitrogen and sulfur application methods on grain
and straw yield of wheat as well as found its cost benefit
analysis in Peshawar region. The findings of the study
showed that the maximum total cost in rupees (Rs.9251/-)
that vary was found for treatment number-8 [60 kg N/ha at
sowing + 40 kg N/ha at tillering + 10 kg N/ha at anthesis
(Foliar) +10 kg N/ha after anthesis (Foliar)] + [15 kg S/ha
at sowing + 10 kg S/ha at anthesis (Foliar) + 5 kg S/ha
after anthesis (Foliar)] and the gross field benefit
obtained from the concern treatment was (Rs.162205/-) and
its net benefit was (Rs.152953/-). While the no fertilizers
(check plots) treatment showed a net benefit of (Rs.91826/-)
having gross field benefit of (Rs.91826/-). More
specifically treatment number - 8 presented maximum net
return as well as maximum gross income compared with other
treatments as its grain as well as straw yield resulted high
yields as compared with other treatments. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effects
of irrigation regime and frequency on soil physical quality,
water use efficiency, water productivity and economic
returns of paddy rice |
|
Author (s): |
S. T. Abu
and W. B. Malgwi |
|
Abstract: |
Talata Mafara is located in a
semi-arid region in Sudan Savanna agro-ecosystem of Nigeria
and regularly faces widespread drought. Given current water
scarcity, the limited available water should be used as
efficient and productive as possible. The influence of five
regulated deficit irrigation regimes involving water
application depths of 100, 85, 70, 55 and 40 % of total
available water (TAW) capacity equivalent, referred to as
TAW, 85 % TAW, 70 % TAW, 55 % TAW and 40 % TAW and
irrigation intervals of 4, 8, 12 and 16 days on soil
physical quality as well as paddy rice yield, water use
efficiency, water productivity and economic return was
studied. The study was conducted at Talata Mafara irrigation
research station of the Institute for Agricultural Research,
Samaru-Zaria. Water was conveyed from field ditches into
each basin through a pair of polyvinyl chloride pipes using
surface irrigation method. Routine methods of soil physical
quality analysis were employed. Results showed that
application of water depths of 40 % TAW and 16 days
frequency significantly enhanced soil organic carbon (OC)
content, and consequently, promoted macroaggregate stability
measured by mean weight diameter and microaggregate
stability measured by aggregated silt and clay and clay
flocculation index as well as infiltration rate. However,
yield, water use efficiency, water productivity and net
revenue as well as gross profit rate were highest on
application of 85 % TAW and irrigation at 8 days interval.
Therefore, given the deterioration of soil physical quality
on application of higher water depth, regular replenishment
of soil organic matter is essential for sustainable use of
the soil for production of rice and other irrigated crops. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Morphological and some yield attributes in cultivars
of wheat
in response of varying planting dates and nitrogen
application |
|
Author (s): |
Hasina
Gul, Beena Saeed, Bibi Haleema, Latafat Parveen and Nishat
Lal Badshah |
|
Abstract: |
Morphological and yield attributes from
sowing to maturity were monitored in two varieties of wheat
(Pirsabak- 2005 and Khyber-87) under the influence of four
sowing dates (Oct. 24th, Nov. 13th, Dec. 3rd and Dec. 23rd)
and four levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 130 and 160 Kg ha-1)
at New Developmental Farm of Agricultural University,
Peshawar, Pakistan during 2008-09 and 2009-10. Analysis of
the two years average data indicated that all the studied
characteristics were significantly affected by sowing dates
and their interaction with varieties. Early and normal (Oct.
24th and Nov. 13th) seeded crops resulted best values for
morphological traits including days to seedling emergence,
emergence m-2, number of tillers m-2,
non productivity tillers m-2 grain yield and
straw yield while poor crop performance concerning all the
studied characteristics were recorded in late seeded
condition (23rd December). Similarly individual
effect of nitrogen was recorded significant for all above
mentioned characters while their interactive effect with
varieties was observed significant for all the studied
traits but noted non significant for straw yield. 130 kg N
ha-1 was observed best for seedling emergence,
emergence m-2 and number of tillers m-2
but grain and straw yield were obtained maximum at 160 kg N
ha-1. More number of non productive tillers m-2
was founded under 0 and 100 kg N ha-1. All
parameters under study revealed that interaction of early
and normal sowing with 130 kg N ha-1 using
Khyber-87 cultivar were founded best The overall findings
concluded that growing wheat variety Khyber-87 on Oct. 24th
and Nov. 13th having fertilized with 130 kg N ha-1
could be more beneficial for days to seedling emergence,
emergence m-2, number of tillers m-2,
non productivity tillers m-2 but for grain and
straw yield, 160 kg N ha-1 along with early
sowing were recorded best. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effects
of season and fruit size on the quality of ‘egusi’ melon [Citrullus
lanatus (Thunb)
Matsum and Nakai] seed |
|
Author (s): |
Kortse P. A., Oladiran J. A. and Msaakpa T. S. |
|
Abstract: |
A study was undertaken at the Teaching and
Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi in
the wet and dry seasons of 2005 and 2007 to monitor the
effects of season and fruit size on the seed quality of
‘egusi’ melon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and
Nakai]. Fruits at maturity were harvested and grouped based
on their sizes into big, medium and small categories. Data
were collected on fruit length, diameter and weight. In
addition, number of seeds per fruit, dry seed weight per
fruit and 100-seed weight were also taken. Thereafter, seeds
were tested for viability before and after storage. Results
revealed that seeds from bigger fruits exhibited significant
superiority over those from smaller fruits in all the other
parameters studied except germination percentage where no
significant differences were found among the fruit sizes.
Seeds extracted from medium and small fruits produced in the
wet season however, produced better storability compared to
what was recorded for big fruits. It was therefore concluded
that seed crop of Citrullus lanatus should be
preferably produced during the wet season for high seed
vigour. Furthermore, medium and small sized Citrullus
lanatus fruits could be preferably selected for the
production of high quality seeds as the seeds from them
stored better than those from big fruits. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Title: |
Plant
species colonizing abandoned farmlands less than 20 years in
Isiala Mbano local government
Area, Imo
State, Nigeria |
|
Author (s): |
Dike M.
C. and Obiajunwa U. P. |
|
Abstract: |
Plant species colonizing abandoned farmlands
less than 20 years old were studied at Isiala Mbano, Imo
State, Nigeria. Ten blocks of 30 hectares were demarcated
within the abandoned farmlands and three blocks were
selected at random. Within the central portion of each of
the 30 hectares, a study plot of 25.0 x 25.0 m was laid. All
plant species up to 1.0 cm in height within these three
study plots were enumerated in the months of June and
November 2010. The life form of each plant species was
recorded. Data revealed that trees belonging to
megaphanerophytes and mesophanerophytes were absent. It was
only few microphanerophytes and nanophanerophytes that were
observed. It was mainly climbers, shrubs, and herbs that
were abundant. The most relatively abundant species in the
studied abandoned farmlands were Andropogon
tectorum (19.01 %) and Dactyladenia barteri
(18.38 %). It was concluded that animals which disperse tree
fruits and seeds into abandoned farmlands were not frequent
in the abandoned farmlands. Moreover, wind speed greater
than 7.0 ms-1 at 2.0 m above the ground is poorly
recorded. Fruits/seeds are not carried up to 100.0 m away
from the dispersing tree species. Consequently, man ought to
assist in the dispersal of economic tree fruits and seeds if
abandoned farmlands within the tropical rainforest are to
maintain most of the trees species the rainforest is known
for. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Physiological and quality assessment of wheat (triticum
aestivum L.) cultivars in response to soil and foliar
fertilization of nitrogen and sulfur |
|
Author (s): |
Beena
Saeed, Hasina Gul, Latafat Parveen, Nishat Lal Badshah and
Ayub Khan |
|
Abstract: |
Nitrogen and sulfur supplies have a strong
influence on the physiological and phenological
characteristics of crop as well as on the quality of wheat
seed, which have the capacity to enhanced yield and
production of wheat. In order to evaluate the physiological
and quality assessment of wheat in response to soil and
foliar fertilization of nitrogen and sulfur, a field trail
was carried out having randomized complete block design with
four replications and eight different treatments of nitrogen
and sulfur combinations allotted to plots at different
growth stages. Results indicated that highest emergence m-2
(136), maximum leaf area (37 cm2) and maximum
seedling dry weight (0.041 g) was recorded when the crop was
fertilized with soil and foliar applied nitrogen and soil
and foliar applied sulfur. Likewise maximum leaf area index
(5.016 %) was observed with the fertilization of soil
applied sulfur (treatment number-5), while maximum field
emergence was recorded with fertilization of soil applied
nitrogen (treatment number-3). Minimum number of
unproductive tillers was obtained with the application of
soil applied nitrogen (treatment number-3). Control practice
resulted low emergence m-2 and maximum number of
unproductive tillers. In all the recorded observations
concerning the experiment wheat cultivar Pirsabaq-2005
showed appreciable response as compared with other variety
(Khyber-87). Thus it is possible to obtain maximum
physiological traits as well as vigorous seed of wheat
through soil and foliar application of nitrogen and sulfur. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
The
attitude of agricultural experts about development of
nanotechnology in
agriculture sector of Iran |
|
Author (s): |
Seyed
Jamal F. Hosseini and Nioushah Eghtedari |
|
Abstract: |
The perception of agricultural experts about
developing nanotechnology in agriculture sector of Iran was
surveyed in this study. The research design was carried out
by descriptive methods. The data collected by using
questionnaire and 74 respondents returned the
questionnaires. Respondents indicated that accelerating the
process of growth in agriculture sector was the main
advantage of developing nanotechnology. It was also reported
that there were relationship between perception of
respondents about development of nanotechnology in
agricultural sector and working experience, educational
level and knowledge about nanotechnology as independent
variables energy. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effects
of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density management in corn
farming |
|
Author (s): |
Maral
Moraditochaee, Mohammad Karim Motamed, Ebrahim Azarpour,
Reza Khosravi Danesh and Hamid Reza Bozorgi |
|
Abstract: |
In order to study effect of
nitrogen fertilizer and row spacing in yield and yield
components of corn, an experiment in split plot format based
on randomized complete block design with three replicates in
Lahijan Township (north of Iran), during 2010 was conducted.
Experiment was carried out by applying 4 levels of pure
nitrogen as main plots consist of (n1: 50, n2:
100, n3: 150 and n4: 200 kg/ha pure
nitrogen from source of urea (46 % pure N) chemical
fertilizer) and 3 row spacing levels as sub plots (r1:30,
r2:40 and r3:50 cm). In maturity time,
grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, plant height, ear
length, number of ears per plant, number of rows per ear and
1000 grain weight was measured. Results showed that the
effect of nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield, straw yield,
harvest index, plant height, number of ear per plant and
1000 grain weight in 1 % and on ear length in 5 %
probability level was significant. But on number of rows per
ear was non significant. Effect of row spacing on straw
yield, harvest index and number of ears per plant in 1% and
on grain yield and 1000 grain weight in 5 % was significant.
But on plant height, ear length and number of rows per ear
was non significant. Interaction effect of nitrogen and row
spacing on grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, ear
length, number of rows per ear and 1000 grain weight 1n 1 %
and on plant height in 5 % was significant. But on number of
ears per plant was non significant. Between nitrogen
treatments, use of 200 kg/ha pure nitrogen (n4)
resulted highest grain yield with 10.53 t/ha. Among row
spacing levels, the highest grain yield was obtained by 40
cm row spacing (r2) with 6.15 t/ha. Also, between
interaction effect levels the n4r2
(200 kg/ha pure nitrogen along with 40 cm row spacing) with
11.65 t/ha was recorded the highest grain yield. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Response
of wheat to different planting dates and seeding rates for
yield and yield components |
|
Author (s): |
Ahmad
Said, Hasina Gul, Beena Saeed, Ijaz Ahmad and Fida Mohammad |
|
Abstract: |
A study was designed to investigate the
effects of various sowing dates and seeding rates on the
yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivem
L.). The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research
Institute (ARI), Tarnab Peshawar during Rabi 2007-2008.
Factor A including four planting dates (1st
November, 15th November, 1st December
and 15th December) were allotted to main plots
while factor B including three seeding rates (100, 150 and
200 kg ha-1) were applied to sub plots. Wheat
variety Pirsabak 2005 was used for the experiments. Both
sowing dates and seeding rates affect the yield and yield
components of wheat. Significant differences were found
among the planting dates for number of grains spike-1,
1000 grain weight, biological yield and grain yield. Maximum
number of grains (53.99) spike-1, 1000 grain
weight (40.2gm), biological yield (11953 kg ha-1)
and grain yield (4134 kg ha-1) were produced
from 1st to 15th November followed by
number of grains (50.1) spike-1, 1000 grain
weight (32.1gm), biological yield (6824 kg ha-1)
and grain yield (2336 kg ha-1) were produced from
late sowing (15th December) while sowing dates
had no effect on harvest index. Similarly, different levels
of seeding rates had significant effect on 1000 grain weight
(g) and grain yield (kg ha-1). Seed rate of 100
kg ha-1 produced maximum 1000 grain weight
(37.5gm) while 200 kg ha-1 seeding rate produced
minimum 1000 grain weight (35.0gm). Likewise highest grain
yield (3472 kg ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg ha-1
seeding rates and lowest grain yield (3221 kg ha-1)
was obtained from 100 kg ha-1 seeding rates,
whereas other yield components were non-significantly
affected by seeding rates. The interaction of the two
factors (planting dates and seeding rates) has showed no
response towards the yield and yield components of wheat. So
it was concluded that in order to get maximum yield from
wheat, it should be grown from 1st November to 15th
November at @ of 150 kg ha-1 seeds. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
