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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
March 2013 | Vol. 8 No. 3 |
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Title: |
Use of
fermented cocoa pulp juice for the control of non-vascular
epiphytes on cocoa |
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Author (s): |
Kofi
Acheampong, Samuel Tetteh Lowor, Frank Owusu-Ansah and
Kwabena Opoku-Ameyaw |
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Abstract: |
On many other host plants
epiphytes may be harmless but on cocoa they are generally
considered obnoxious as they can compete with the
reproductive structures of cocoa for points of attachment.
The potential of fermented cocoa pulp juice and 4% aqueous
NaCl (common salt) solution in controlling five epiphytes -
Platycerium stemaria, Bulbophyllum spp.,
lichens (Phyllopsora buettnei), mosses (Pilotrichella
communis,) and liverworts (Blasia spp.)
- that are commonly found on cocoa plants in Ghana was
studied at the Bunso substation of the Cocoa Research
Institute of Ghana between April and July 2008. A pneumatic
knapsack sprayer (Jacto X-15) was used to spray the two
solutions separately onto the epiphytes at a rate of 20 ml/m2.
A significant epiphyte x solution interaction on epiphyte
kill suggested that the choice of solution for epiphyte
control should be influenced by the target epiphyte and that
fermented cocoa pulp juice is a better option for the
control of the non-vascular epiphytes than 4% aqueous NaCl
but not effective against the vascular epiphytes that were
tested. |
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Title: |
Studies
on appropriate chitosan type and optimump concentration on
rice seed storability |
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Author (s): |
Raweewun
Suvannasara and Suchada Boonlertnirun |
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Abstract: |
Chitosan can be used as seed coating for
stimulating germination and extending storability in many
crop species. The objective of this work was to determine
the optimum concentration and appropriate type of chitosan
to use as seed coating before storage for maintaining seed
quality. The experiment was conducted using completely
randomized design with seven methods of seed soaking: seed
soaked in water, seed soaked in oligomeric chitosan solution
at the concentration of 50, 100, 150 ppm and seed soaked in
polymeric chitosan solution at the concentration of 50, 100,
150 ppm, before storage at various time periods. It was
performed during November 2010 to September 2011 in
laboratory of Plant Science department, Faculty of
Agricultural Technology and Agro-industry, Rajamangala
University of Technology Suvarnabhumi. The results indicated
that seed moisture content, shoot length, germination
percentage, electrical conductivity and speed of germination
were significantly influenced by seed soaking with different
types and concentrations of chitosan solution in some months
of storage. Soaking the rice seeds with polymeric chitosan
at the concentration between 50-150 ppm showed positive
effects on rice seed storability over than soaking in
oligomeric chitosan and water. In this study, it can be
recommended that the most effective concentration to use as
seed coating before storage was 50 ppm of polymeric chitosan. |
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Title: |
Effect of
irriagation regimes and fertilizers to eh in the paddy soil
of the red river delta, Vietnam |
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Author (s): |
Nguyen
Thi Bich Nguyet, Nguyen Xuan Hai and Nguyen Huu Huan |
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Abstract: |
This paper presents the effects of different
irrigation regimes and fertilizer to the oxidation-reduction
potential (Eh) of soil. When dry soil is submerged, the Eh
decreased rapidly within 2 weeks from 245 mV down to -220
mV. Then Eh slightly fluctuated except for withdrawal of
water. Withdrawal water to the surface exposure or crack
will increase the Eh from 105 to 150 mV. In field
conditions, the soil was submerged before transplanting so
Eh was low and ranged from -100 mV to -165 mV; except for
withdrawal of water level Eh increases to 234 mV. Fertilizer
organic or inorganic also affects the oxidation-reduction
potential. The organic fertilizer decreases Eh more than the
control and mineral fertilizer (urea). Beside of watering
and fertilizer regime, the Eh also depends on the presence
and growing period of rice plants. |
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Title: |
Effect of
land use changes and soil depth on soil organic matter,
total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of soils in
senbat watershed, western Ethiopia |
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Author (s): |
Nega Emiru and Heluf
Gebrekidan |
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Abstract: |
Land use changes, mainly shift from natural
ecosystems into managed agro ecosystems, and subsequent
deterioration in quality of soil resources have become
common phenomena in western Ethiopia. Soil reaction (pH),
organic matter, total N and available P contents are some of
the vital soil properties affected by such changes. This
study was therefore conducted with the objective to assess
the response of these vital soil chemical properties to
changes in management practices arising from varying land
uses (forest, shrub, grass and cultivated) and soil depth
(0-20 and 20-40 cm). Results revealed that these four vital
soil properties significantly (P ≤ 0.01) responded to
changes in land use. Contents of soil organic matter and
total N were highly significantly affected by soil depth but
pH and available P. The interaction of land use and soil
depth affected pH and total N highly significantly, organic
matter significantly (P < 0.05) and available P
non-significantly. Both soil organic matter and total N
contents under the grazing and cultivated fields were
significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than in soils under natural
forest. However, the C: N ratios between land uses, and
interaction between soil depth and land use did not reveal
statistically significant (P > 0.05) differences but varied
with soil depth significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Available P
contents were also significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced due to
shift of land uses from natural forest to agricultural land
uses but with soil depth and interaction effect. It can be
noted that this situation is far from sustainability and has
tremendous implications for productivity of the traditional
low-input agriculture in the study area. |
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Title: |
Effects
of animal manure on the growth and development of okra (abelmoschus
esculentus L) |
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Author (s): |
Allah
Bakhsh Gulshan, Shazia Javid, Tooba Meryem, Muhammad Imran
Atta and Muhammad Amin-ud-Din |
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Abstract: |
The response of manure towards
the growth and development of crops was plaid in this
investigation. Manure and compost not only supply many
nutrients for crop production, including micronutrients, but
they are also valuable sources of organic matter. Increasing
soil organic matter improves soil structure or tilth. Most
vegetable crops return small amounts of crop residue to the
soil, so manure, compost, and other organic amendments help
maintain soil organic matter levels. The pots experiment was
comprised 60 pots with two cultivars i.e., “Sabz
Pari” and “Super
Green” of Okra species having 5 replicates 3
treatments for each species and 6 harvests. The experiments
were conducted at the net house of Botany Department
Government Postgraduate College Dera Ghazi Khan in a
completely randomized block design. The growth parameters
number of leaves 68.01±37.43 and leaf area 70.74±31.87 of
cultivar “Super green” was showed maximum response in
manure than cultivar “Sabz pari” 8.11±1.34 and
8.19±5.60 respectively. The vegetative growth of Okra
cultivars were showed significant response in different
concentration of animals manure. Significant variations were
found in between the treatments and the different levels of
growth harvest (P≥000***). Moreover the germination response
of weeds was also significantly increased with the
concentration of animal manure. |
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Title: |
Host
related variation in carboxylesterase activity of the
whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) populations on cabbage
and garden egg |
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Author (s): |
Silas W.
Avicor, Ebenezer O. Owusu, Vincent Y. Eziah
and Mustafa F. F. Wajidi |
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Abstract: |
The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci
is a major pest of several crops including vegetables in
Ghana. In this study, the effect of two host crops, cabbage
and garden egg on B. tabaci carboxylesterase (CaE)
activity, a major insecticide detoxification enzyme was
observed in three vegetable growing sites. The B. tabaci
populations on cabbage had higher CaE activity levels
compared with garden egg populations. This observed
difference in enzyme activity of B. tabaci on hosts
was significant in two of the three sampled sites. The CaE
activity levels of B. tabaci from the sampled sites
also varied and were also significant. There was also a
significant host site interaction effect on the CaE activity
of B. tabaci populations. This provides useful
information for integrated pest management formulation for
each host crop in these specific vegetable growing areas. |
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Title: |
Effects
of stages and amount of nitrogen foliar application on yield
and yield components in
hybrid
alestar sunflower |
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Author (s): |
Maryam
Hassanlouee and Farhad Baghbani |
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Abstract: |
The object of this study was to investigate
effects of stages and amount of nitrogen foliar application
on yield and yield components in hybrid Alestar sunflower.
Sunflower is one of the most important oil-grain in Iran
because of high quality of its oil. The experimental design
was a factorial in randomized complete blocks with three
replications. The factors were concentrations of urea foliar
application with 3 levels (a0: control, a1: 3% urea
concentration and a2: 5% urea concentration and foliar
application stages with 2 levels (b1: 8-10 leaf stage and
b2: flowering stage). Number of seeds in head and grain
yield were measured after harvest. Research results showed
that there was a significant difference in interaction
between concentration and foliar application stages of
nitrogen on number of seeds in head. Foliar application of
urea with 5% concentration in 8-10 leaf stage had increased
number of seeds per head compare to control group and other
treatments about % 45 and % 28.27 respectively. Foliar
application of nitrogen with 5% urea concentration was
significantly increased grain yield compare to control
treatment and urea concentration of 3% about % 30.27 and %
7.50 respectively. |
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Title: |
Analysis
of training components effecting on students’
entrepreneurship capabilities in Iranian agricultural
scientific-applied higher system |
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Author (s): |
Mohammad
Reza Soleimanpour, Bahman Khosravipour and Reza Bakhtiari |
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Abstract: |
The main purpose of this study is to analyze
training components effecting on students’ entrepreneurship
capabilities in Iranian agricultural scientific-applied
higher education system. This research is an applied and
descriptive research. Statistical population is all 470
graduates of agricultural scientific-applied centers from
2008-2010 in central district of Iran. From this population,
135 of them were selected as sample through stratified
sampling. A questionnaire was used for the data collection
whose Reliability was estimated to be 87%. The data analysis
was done in two descriptive and inferential parts by SPSS
software. Based on the results, age mean of graduates was
28. Also, according to the results of factor analysis,
training components can be divided into seven factors of
training methods, management and organizing, educational
contents, personality characteristics, facilities and
equipment, educators' features, and students' features.
These factors could explain 62.6% of variance in students’
entrepreneurship capabilities. |
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Title: |
Effect of
bio-inorganic fertilizer on productivity improvement of well
adapted local maize (zea mays ceratina L) variety |
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Author (s): |
Maman
Ramansyah, Nuril Hidayati, Titi Juhaeti and Arwan Sugiharto |
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Abstract: |
Exploitation of
four inoculant formulas as biofertilizer purposes were mixed with chemical
fertilizer (bio-inorganic fertilizer) application has been
carried out.
Chemical fertilizer used at gradual rate submission of a
half, a quarter, and down to zero of doses stand to full
fertilizer application in the quantity of 100 kg Urea and
300 kg NPK per ha. The study was performed in three
replicates, and fourteen of treatments including the control
with and without chemical fertilizer, were arranged in
randomizes design by using two cultivar of adaptive local
maize of Zea mays ceratina L. (Batara Punu or
Waxy-corn and Batara Kuasa or Rice-corn) and compared
to Faramita as hybrid one. Plant samples selected randomly
from any field plot of treatments to calculate plant growth
acceleration throughout plant biomass accumulation and its
soil biological activity along with the vegetative growth.
Afterwards, harvest fact monitored for yield quality within
total plant biomass, grain number per ear, hundred seed
weight, and harvest index were measured. Result of the
conduct test informing that biofertilizer based on microbial
application is an effort to minimize dependency on chemical
fertilizer purposes having success. Microbial simbiont used
within the plants intended to trim down chemical fertilizers
supply even the possible’ dose can be reduced to zero. In
order to have maize yield, it could be a strategy for
achieving sustainable agriculture through this fertilizer
management plan for the local corn cultivation. |
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Title: |
The
biodiesel characteristic from kepayang oil (Pangium edule
Reinw.) |
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Author (s): |
Nofiarli,
Anwar Kasim and dan Hazli Nurdin |
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Abstract: |
The research was conducted in the Pilot Plant
Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Andalas
University, Padang, West Sumatra - Indonesia in October 2008
to February 2009.
The research objective was to know biodiesel
characteristic from kepayang seed oil. The biodiesel
makes in two steps i.e., esterification process and
transesterification process. Physicochemical characteristic
of the biodiesel were biodiesel content, viscosity, density,
acid number, Iod number, saponification number, gliserol
number, and ester content. Biodiesel from kepayang oil
toward to viscosity, density, acid number, iod number, soup
number, gliserol number, and ester content was full fill
ASTM biodiesel quality. The result shows that kepayang
biodiesel can be used for diesel engine to substitute the
petro diesel. |
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Title: |
The effectiveness of
Trichoderma harzianum
as
biocontrol agent and manure in
controling
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae
on
sour passion seedlings
(Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) |
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Author (s): |
Tarigan R, A. E. Marpaung,
L.Octriana and Riska |
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Abstract: |
The objectives of the research were to find
out optimal dosage of Trichoderma harzianum and types
of manure to decrease percentage of wilted plants and
disease intensity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
passiflorae on sour passion fruit seedlings. The
research was conducted at screen house and pest disease
laboratory at Berastagi Experimental Farm from March to June
2010. The experiment was arranged
in randomized block in factorial pattern with 3
replications.
The first factor was
Trichoderma harzianum propagule (T), T1=T. harzianum
mixed in corn medium 17 g/kg soil, T2= T. harzianum
mixed in corn medium 25 g/kg soil, T3= T. harzianum
mixed in corn medium 34 g/kg soil, T4= T. harzianum
mixed in corn medium 42 g/kg soil. The second factor was the
type of manure (k), namely: kA=chicken manure and kS=cattle
manure the result showed that propagule of T. harzianum mixed in corn medium 42 g/kg soil was the best dosage to
decrease Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae
attack on sour passion fruit seedling with incubation
period, percentage of wilted plant and length infection
profile, namely 50 dai, 3.33% and 7.1 cm respectively, and
potential to decrease up to 88.5% disease intensity on sour
passion fruit seedling. Propagule of T. harzianum
mixed in corn medium 42 g /kg soil was the best
dosage to influence plant height and number of leaf, 34.26
cm and 6.71 sheets, respectively. The cattle manure was the
best manure to decrease Fusarium oxysporum f. sp
passiflorae attack on passion fruit seedling showed from
incubation period, percentage of wilted plant and length
infection profile namely 38.13 dai, 29.33% 89.25% and 10.09
cm respectively. The chicken manure contributed to plants
height, while cattle manure contributed to leaf number, each
33.15 cm and 5.75 sheets respectively. |
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Title: |
Endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plant and have
antagonism role against fusarium wilt |
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Author (s): |
Suciatmih
and Maman Rahmansyah |
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Abstract: |
Antifungal agents of endophytic fungi origin
to mangrove plants were studied Availability of those
endophytic fungi competed to
Fusarium
oxysporum f.sp.
lycopersici
(FO) (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder and H.N. Hans. That has causing
fusarium wilts on root tomato (Lycopersicon
esculetum
Mill.) plant cultivation had to be done. The study had dual
purposes, firstly, to have isolation and turn into
identification on endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove
plants which is growing in Bunaken Island and Sampiran
Beach, North Sulawesi; and secondly, to evaluate their
antagonism as volatile and unvolatile antifungal agents
against FO under in-vitro conditions. Sixty nine
isolates were successfully obtained as endophytic fungi
gather from leaves, twigs, and roots; and these fungi are
including to the genus of
Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Guignardia,
Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, Talaromyces,
and
Trichoderma.
Another group was hardly recognizing taxonomically because
of non-sporulating endophytic fungus, so it was named as
unidentified one. Among those 69 isolates tested, 22 of them
(32%) showed their antagonistic character. Thirteen isolates
(59%) of those 22 fungal antagonists were including as
volatile and unvolatile antifungal agents. Identified fungi
such as
Aspergillus fumigatus
(34-24; it means the isolate no.34 has fermentative scheme
type-24),
Penicillium
sp. (34-26), Talaromycetes leycettanus (37-7) and
unidentified isolate (37-12) were able to inhibit FO growth
by producing both volatile and unvolatile antifungal agents.
Isolates of
Aspergillus niger
(34-25),
Colletotrichum
sp. (37-15),
Fusarium
sp. (37-4),
Trichoderma harzianum
(37-14), and five isolates (codes: 37-10; 37-13; 39-2; 39-8;
and 40-12) as unidentified ones showed to against FO by
producing volatile antifungal agent; while five isolates of
Aspergillus niger
(codes: 35-1; 42-4; 42-5; 42-6; and 42-9),
Guignardia
endophyllicola
(38-2), and three of unidentified isolates (codes: 39-6;
42-1; and 43-4) inhibited FO growth by producing unvolatile
antifungal agent. |
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Title: |
Antibacterial activity of fruits against Escherichia coli |
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Author (s): |
Misbah
Manzoor, Rukhsana Jabeen, Sangeen Naseer and Mirfa Manzoor |
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Abstract: |
Numerous fruits are
unquestionably utilized to prevent food borne illness
disease. Fruits were analyzed for their antibacterial
activity. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc
diffusion method. Nearly eight fruits with their various
concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%,) were prepared in order
to check their antibacterial activity opposing E. coli
and Mango (MangiferaIndica L), Apricot (Prunusarmeniaca),
Grapes (Vitisvinifera), Apple (Malusdomestica),
Peach (Prunus Persica), Lemon (Citrus limonum),
Melon (Cucumismelo) and watermelon (Cirtrulluslanatus)
were the selected fruits. The highest inhibition zone was
observed in the juice extracts of Apricot with concentration
of 100%. The mean value of inhibition zone was (8.2±
1.1121). The minimum inhibition was surely noticed in the
juice extract of mango with also concentration of 100%. The
mean value of inhibition zone was (5± 0.9574). And other
fruits showed different inhibition of the zone along with
different concentrations. I was also observed that the
effect of fruits against E. coli was concentration
dependent. Response against in increase and decrease in
concentration was varied among all the fruits. |
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Title: |
Nutritional evaluation of common buckwheat of four different
villages of Gilgit-Baltistan |
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Author (s): |
Faizullah
Khan, Muhammad Arif, Tariq Umar Khan, Muhammad Iqbal Khan
and Javed Abbas Bangash |
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Abstract: |
Chemical and mineral evaluation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) obtained from four different
Villages of Gilgit-Baltistan was carried out at the PCSIR
Labs Peshawar Pakistan. For this purpose samples of common
buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) from different
altitudes of Gilgit Baltistan were analyzed. The results of
the present investigation showed that buckwheat of high
altitude (both Gilgit and Baltistan region) was high in
protein, fat, and ash, and low in nitrogen free extract and
fiber, while the buckwheat of lower altitude (both Gilgit
and Baltistan region) was high in nitrogen free extract and
fiber and low in protein, fat, and ash. Gluten content was
not detected in all the samples. Similarly high
concentration of Potassium almost three times of sodium was
recorded, indicating a good source for patients with
hypertension. However other minerals like calcium, Zinc,
iron, copper, manganese, and chromium were also detected in
appreciable amounts. From the present study it can be
concluded that the buckwheat cultivated on high altitude is
more ideal for incorporation in diet formulation of baby
foods, especially gluten sensitive patients and hypertensive
people. |
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