ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science       ISSN 1990-6145
   
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ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science                March 2014 | Vol. 9 No. 3
 
Title:

Variation of soil, water quality and impacts on biodiversity in xuan thuy ramsar site

Author (s): Tran Thi Kim Tinh, Nguyen Xuan Hai, Pham Van Quang and Nguyen Thi Yen
Abstract:

Soil and water quality are important environmental condition for biodiversity development in Xuan Thuy Ramsar site. This research is carry out in order to assess the variation of some parameters of soil and water quality and its impacts on biodiversity, especially flora in there. Investigating and survey methods and samples analysing are implement to meet with purposes of research during 3 years (period 2011-2013). The result of research showed that the water quality in two main rivers (Tra and Vop rivers) had a freshening trend for the duration of the study, beginning with 1.53% in 2011 the average salinity fell ti 0.78% and 0.35% in 2012 and 2013 respectively. Biological decomposition of organic matters and eutrophication phenomena increased remarkably in these years (average DO in 2011 was 8.03mgO2.L-1, decreased to 4.59mgO2.L-1 in 2013; while average COD increased 191.22% by 2011 and average BOD increased 248.56% by 2011). The negatively changing environment has significant impacts on floating flora and fauna cause the variation of area and number of species in mangrove ecosystem as well as the biodiversity of Ramsar site. The study results will be the important baseline and helpful to develop solutions on sustainable management for Xuan Thuy Ramsar site.

 
 
 
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Title:

Preparation of fungal inoculum for leaf litter composting from selected fungi

Author (s): Bambang Irawan, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, Bambang Hendro Sunarminto and Endang Sutariningsih
Abstract:

Fungi are the major degraders of organic matter in natural environments, and almost every naturally occurring organic compound can be degraded by one fungus or another. An enormous range of organic compounds can be utilized by fungi, especially the major organic compounds such as cellulose, xylan and lignin. The aim of the research was to provide fungal inoculum of selected fungi as a Composting Starter Kit (CSK) to increase decomposition process of leaf litter. The fungi were isolated from decomposing leaf litter and selected based on qualitative measurement of cellulase, xylanase and ligninase activity. The result showed that there were 5 cellulolytic, 6 xylanolytic, and 2 ligninolytic isolates potentially used as inocula for leaf litter composting. Based on a halo test indicated that isolates Shj, Lht, and Lpt1 had the highest ratio for cellulase, xylan and lignin activity respectively. Inoculum of those three isolates were developed on sorghum seeds and were able to produce spores of Shj= 1.5 X 109, Lht= 9.3 X 107 and Lpt1=4.2 X 109 spores/ml. The viability test for inoculum showed the number of colonies of Shj= 9.6 X 109, Lht= 5.6 X 108 and Lpt1= 8.2 X 106 CFUs. In conclusion, development of fungal inoculum is possibly prepared using sorghum grains inoculated with selected fungi.

 
 
 
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Title:

Evaluate the cause of flooding of upper Mun river in Nakhon Ratchasima

Author (s):

Prayong Keeratiurai

Abstract:

This work was a study to find the causes of flooding in the economic areas of Nakhon Ratchasima province which area is the one of the northeastern plateau of Thailand. This study analyzed the amount of rainfall and runoff, which is rain gauge stations, 20 stations. The causes of flooding were the actual rainfall is higher than the amount of water quite predictable. Capabilities of the drainage of canal were not sufficient to accommodate the amount of great flood from the north to the downstream, which flowed through downtown and the community. The size of the structures that were made by people in communities such as check dam, were not standardized enough to drain the floods in the quantity and at the appropriate moment. The Nakhon Ratchasima city Municipality has grown and expanded continuously to enhance the community that it made the invaded the area of the canal which it caused the performance of drainage of Lamtakong lower and Lam Boribun decreased. System of water storage and system of slowing of great flood in the watershed before it flowed into the city and the community were not enough. The drainage of the Lamtakong dam was not relative to the water demand by the seasons. Manages absences for ability receive water of the canal to accommodate the drainage of the dam such as maintenance, and removal of garbage and weeding in the canal. The canal was made to shallow from the accumulation of sludge and soil sediment. Construction of residential encroachment into the canal caused the cross-sectional area of drainage decreased.

 
 
 
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Title: Phytoremediatory potential of guava and ashok tree at three different sites of bareilly district-a case study
Author (s): Nooris Naqvi, Taqi Ahmed Khan, Mohd Mazid, Fiza Khan, Saima Quddusi, Rajib Roychowdhury and D.K. Saxena
Abstract:

Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. Treatment of the contaminated material at the site called in situ, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated materials to be elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation related technologies are rhizofiltration, phytoremediation, bioleaching, bioreactor, composting, land farming, bioventing and bio-stimulation. Phytoremediation involves the removal pollutants from the environment with the help of plants. The evolution of physiological and molecular mechanism of phytoremediation developed biological strategies to improve the performance of both phyto-stabilization and heavy metal phyto-extraction. Over the past 20 years, this technology has become popular and has been employed at sites with soils contaminated with lead, cupper, uranium, and arsenic.

 
 
 
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Title:

Soils development on a toposequence on loessial deposit in northern guinea savanna, Nigeria

Author (s):

Maniyunda L.M. and Gwari M.G.

Abstract:

The morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils developed on loessial deposit in Funtua, Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria were examined and the influence of toposequence on their properties, pedogenesis and classification were evaluated. The study showed that landscape position, erosion and drainage significantly influenced variation in soil properties across the toposequence. Silt particle dominated particle size distribution, except on crest position (LS 1). Clay distribution significantly influenced variation in content of AWHC, exchangeable bases and CEC (r = 0.600**, 0.539** and 0.763** respectively). Pedogenesis resulted in silt, clay, AWHC and CEC enrichment at lower slope positions (LS 4 and LS 5) and sand was highest in pedon LS 1. The soils were generally low to medium in exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and low to high for CEC. All the soils were low in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. Toposequence affected variation of soil types with their classification as Kanhaplic Haplustalfs for soils on crest to lower slope and soil on bottom slope as Typic Haplustult according to USDA Soil Taxonomy. The soils were classified as Haplic Acrisols and Haplic Alisol respectively according to World Reference Base 2006.

 
 
 
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Title:

Functional and numerical response of paederus fuscipes curtis against nilaparvata lugens stall and their spatial distribution in the rice fields

Author (s):

F. X. Wagiman, Bogen Tamba and Ismi Rinarti

Abstract:

Laboratory experiment and field survey revealed that the rove beetle Paederus fuscipes was an aggressive predator of the rice brown plant hopper (RBPH) Nilaparvata lugens and to be found at nursery up to vegetative and generative stages in rice fields in Java, Indonesia. As the promising candidate of biological control agent, the rove beetle showed several criteria of desired predator attributes. Functional response of P. fuscipes against the RBPH fitted with Type II of Holling, it indicated to cause maximum mortality at low prey density. The expected maximum feeding rates on the RBPH was 16.39 while the actual one was 5.46 individuals/24 hours. Positive and strong coefficient correlation, r = 0.844985, on numerical response of P. fuscipes against the RBPH indicated the density-dependent relationship of the predator and prey. Both of P. fuscipes and the RBPH exhibited clumped spatial-distribution-pattern. Since paederin causes dermatitis hence an extra careful must be taken into account in handling the rove beetle for controlling pest insects.

 
 
 
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