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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
March 2017 | Vol. 12 No. 3 |
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Title: |
Detection of lead (PB)
and pesticide residues in three kinds of leafy green
vegetables in Peri-Urban agriculture, Surabaya, Indonesia |
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Author (s): |
Dwi Iriyani and Pangesti
Nugrahani |
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Abstract: |
This research was conducted in
three peri-urban agricultures in Surabaya, namely Rungkut
Subdistrict, Lakarsantri Subdistrict, and Sambikerep
Subdistrict. The vegetables examined in this research are
spinach (Amaranthus sp.), water spinach (Ipomoea reptans),
and mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). This research
applied cross-sectional descriptive analysis method. The
parameters measured in this research are lead (Pb) content,
organophosphate pesticide residue level, chlorophyll level,
water content, and pH of leaves. The result of lead (Pb)
content analysis indicates that the lead content of spinach,
water spinach, and mustard greens, cultivated in peri-urban
agricultures in Surabaya, is still below maximum metal
contamination rate published by National Standardization
Agency. Similarly, the result of pesticide residue level
indicates that there is no pesticide residue detected on
spinach, water spinach, and mustard greens cultivated in
peri-urban agricultures in Surabaya. The findings of this
research indicate that chlorophyll level, water content, and
pH of vegetables cultivated in peri-urban agricultures in
Surabaya are lower than those of organic vegetables. Despite
the fact that there was no strong correlation among these
variables, there is a positive correlation between lead (Pb)
content and water content and pH, while lead (Pb) content is
negatively correlated with chlorophyll level. |
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Title: |
Determination the
concentration of the heavy metals in the cultivated cherries
in the territory of mitrovica with ICP-OES technique |
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Author (s): |
Skender Miftari, Sadija Kadriu,
Mensur Kelmendi, Mehush Aliu, Blerim Baruti and Sabri
Hajdini |
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Abstract: |
It is known that all the
vegetables and fruits that are in nature constantly are
under the influence of external of natural and anthropogenic
factors. Such influence also reflected to the cultivated
fruits of cherries in Mitrovica and surroundings. Therefore,
our object of study is to explore the degree of
concentration of some heavy metals in cherries fruit, as a
result of the impact of the chain-industrial activity has
developed and continues to develop today in a lesser extent
in Combine "Trepça”. In this paper we have chosen to
site-sampling Kelmend village, which is located in the
north-eastern part of Mitrovica and neighborhoods Bair and
'2 Korriku,' which are boroughs in the southern part of
Mitrovica. We are set for this network monitoring for the
fact that in the village Kelmend is landfill with industrial
waste from the process of processing the Pb-Zn ore and two
neighborhoods cited above, which are and may be affected by
the landfill PIM in Shupkovc. The research methodology we
based on the analytical technique ICP-OES in order to assess
more accurately how the concentration of heavy metals in the
cherry fruit. |
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Title: |
The quality improvement
of two types of crysanthemums with bamboo-leaves based
organic fertilizer |
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Author (s): |
Noordiana Herry Purwanti,
Nazarius Adi Sutoko and Fransisca Woro Rismiyatun |
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Abstract: |
Crysanthemum is a decorative
plant with high economical value. The main problem of
chrysanthemum growers in Yogyakarta is the low quality of
the flowers, characterized by low erectness and brightness
of flowers, spots on flowers and leaves, and
less-than-maximum flower sizes due to pests and diseases.
One attempt to improve the lack of erectness of Crysanthemum
is the provision of Si (silica). Organic Si can be obtained
from fertilizer made from bamboo leaves. This study aims to
determine whether bamboo-leaves based organic fertilizer
could improve the quality of the two types of
chrysanthemums. The study was conducted from March to August
2015 in the village of Panggeran, Hargobinangun, Pakem,
Sleman, Yogyakarta and Production Laboratory of Institut
Pertanian INTAN Yogyakarta. The design of treatment used was
split plot with a completely randomized design. Treatments
of main crysanthemum plot consisted of: spray and standards;
treatments of organic fertilizer as subplots consisted of:
cow manure, rice huskcharcoal, bamboo leaf compost and
bamboo leaf charcoal, 3 kg / m2 each. Variables observed
were color of flowers and flower quality: erectness,
freshness, diameter of stem and others. The color data were
obtained by vhromameter, values of CIE L * a * b * were
converted to RGB and then descriptively analyzed. The
quality data besides color variants were then analyzed by
5%-Duncan test. The results showed that bamboo-leaves-based
organic fertilizer produced brighter yellow colors on spray
type compared to treatment of manure and rice husk
charcoal,. Organic fertilizer products gave the same
quality. There were differences in the appearances of the
two types of chrysanthemums. |
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Title: |
Effect of drying method
on nutrient integrity of selected components of pumpkin (Cucurbita
Moschata Duch.) fruit flour |
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Author (s): |
Jedidah W. Kiharason, Dorcas
K. Isutsa and Peninah N. Ngoda |
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Abstract: |
Pumpkin is a multi-purpose
fruit and leafy vegetable with abundant nutritional value
and economic potential as a food and industrial crop.
Cucurbita moschata is the most common, heat-tolerant, better
thriver in tropical Africa, but remains under-utilised. Food
preservation prolongs consumption period, diet variety and
income generation for manufacturing companies. However,
preservation is a central problem facing developing
countries, with huge post-harvest losses of perishable
commodities. Food availability that decreases just a few
months after harvest limits development of high-value
agri-business industries specializing in highly perishable
products. Although processing and preservation treatments
lead to high convenience, the subsequent nutritional
lossremains a challenge. There is need to find ways of
minimizing nutritional losses. Subsequently, the present
study grew and subjected mature pumpkin fruits to three open
solar (OSD), oven electric (OED) and enhanced solar (ESD)
drying methods in an incomplete randomized block design. Dry
fruit slices were milled and analysed for ß-carotene,
protein, zinc, iron, calcium, energy, and moisture contents.
There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in length of
time taken to dry pumpkin fruit slices using the three
methods. Oven drying took shortest time of 7.25 hours to
attain15.15% final moisture content (MC), while OSD took 9.5
hours to attain 14.91% MC, but these MC were above safe
levels. Enhanced solar drying achieved safest 12.82% MC, but
in a longer time of 13.2 hours. A significant (P<0.05)
difference resulted in ß-carotene, protein and zinc contents
of the four flours. There was consistent increase of
ß-carotene and protein contents in dried flour compared to
fresh fruit, while minerals and energy slightly reduced
(P>0.05). Oven dried flour had 74.84 µ/g, while fresh fruit
had 16.6 µ/gß-carotene. Protein ranged from13.8% to 16.5% in
dry flours compared to 2.6% in fresh fruit. Zinc, iron,
calcium and energy decreased in dry flours compared to fresh
fruit, and ranged from: 9 to 44 ppm zinc, 49.5to 94.5 ppm
iron, 525 to 1,116.82ppm calcium, and 3.6 to 4.2 kcal/g
energy. Drying generally increases certain nutrients in
reduced bulk as it didß-carotene and protein, but also
reduces others as it did zinc, iron, calcium and energy
through oxidation. There is need to invest in ESD as an
effective method of pumpkin fruit and nutrient integrity
preservation, as well aspost-harvest loss prevention. |
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Title: |
Effects of nitrogen on
chlorophyll fluorescence and the relationship between
chlorophyll content and spad values in sugar beet (Beta
Vulgaris L) under drip-tape system |
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Author (s): |
Hamid Ghasemi, Mohammad Ali
Esmaeili and Rahim Mohammadian |
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Abstract: |
Determining Chlorophyll
Content with Spectrophotometric Devices and Chlorophyll
Extraction is a Time and Cost inefficient method so in the
present Study finding a relation between Chlorophyll a, b,
and Total content with Spad Values is one of the objectives.
Moreover, Chlorophyll Fluorescence is a Photosynthetic
activity index that is used in Biotic and Abiotic Stress
studies. Nutrient deficiencies (i.e., nitrogen) as an
abiotic stress can decrease yield, another aim of the
current study is to determine relations between Nitrogen
fertilizer rate and Chlorophyll Fluorescence and also Total
Nitrogen accumulation in sugar beet organs. in order to it,
an experiment carried out under tape-drip irrigation in 2013
and 2014 in Karaj, Iran, in Strip factorial plot with a
randomized complete block arrangement with 2 levels of plant
Spacing (14 and 20 cm), 2 levels of Planting Pattern (40-60
and 40-50) and Nitrogen Fertilizer treatment in four levels
was: 0, 50, 75 and 100% of what had been recommended for
furrow irrigation. The results showed nitrogen causes
significant Changes on Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll Total and
SPAD Value (P< 0.5). Means comparison indicated that using
75% and 100% of nitrogen recommended for furrow irrigation
had the best impacts on these traits. Correlation between
all this traits implies that Chlorophyll a, b and Total
measured with Spectrophotometry and Spad Values had positive
and significant relations with themselves and with Impure
sugar Yield (P< 0.01) the results also showed nitrogen
causes significant Changes on Nitrogen accumulation in
different Sugar beet Organs (P< 0.01) in a way that the
treatment with maximum and minimum fertilizer rate had the
maximum and minimum nitrogen accumulated in their organs
respectively. The minimum chlorophyll Fluorescence was
measured in the treatments that had the minimum fertilizers
rate. |
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