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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
April 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 4 |
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Title: |
Heritability and genetic advance estimates
for yield improvement in maize (zea mays) variety
azam |
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Author (s): |
Hidayat Ur Rahman, Habibullah,
Liaqat Shah, Asif Ali, Kashif Ali Shah, Aziz Ur Rahman and
Zhu Yulei |
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Abstract: |
A study was carried out to estimate percent
heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and yield
associated components in maize variety Azam during 2013 in
two crop seasons. The test-crosses were developed from maize
variety Azam at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI). All
the inbred lines were de-tasseled prior to pollen shedding.
At physiological maturity the testcrosses were manually
harvested and shelled individually. In summer crop season
(season 2) the resulting test-crosses were evaluated in a
12x12 partial balance lattice square design at The
University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP) for grain yield
and yield related traits. Data were taken on ear length
(cm), kernel rows ear-l, 100 kernels weight (g),
and grain yield (kg ha-l). Non-significant
differences were observed only for ear length and kernel
rows ear-l in both seasons, while in season 1;
non-significant differences were recorded for 100 kernels
weight. The remaining traits showed significant genetic
variations among the test-crosses in both seasons. Low to
moderate estimation of heritability and genetic advance was
observed in both seasons. Moderate level of heritability
0.57 was observed for grain yield in season 2, while low
estimation 0.04 was recorded for ear length in both seasons.
High genetic advance (GA) 950.55 was observed for grain
yield in season 2, while low (GA) was recorded 0.09 for ear
length in season 1. Estimation of heritability and genetic
advance for all the parameters were low to moderate which
displayed comparatively high environmental influence on the
traits expression, hence further evaluation should be
carried out in different environments. |
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Title: |
Growth and morphology of the rhizome and
rhizoid of Pityrogramma calomelanos L. link (pteridaceae)
at varying copper sulfate concentrations |
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Author (s): |
Kimberly P. Borja, Carl R.
Luzano, Aimee Chang, Glenn L. Sia Su, George Banez and
Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo |
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Abstract: |
This study examined the growth
and morphology of the rhizome and rhizoid of Pityrogramma
calomelanos L. Link (Pteridaceae) at varying
copper sulfate concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400
ppm). P. calomelanos L. Link (Pteridaceae) was
collected from an abandoned open-pit mine in Mogpog,
Marinduque. Plant samples were transferred and incubated in
a container with a SNAP solution for 2 days. Rhizomes and
rhizoids from each individual plant were cut off and exposed
to varying copper concentrations hydroponically. Growth of
the rhizomes and rhizoids was measured every 15th
day until the 75th day of experimentation. Gross
morphology of the rhizome and rhizoid was observed, under
the dissecting microscope on day 0 and day 75, of its
exposure to the varying copper sulfate solution. Results
showed an increase in the rhizome growth of Pityrogramma
calomelanos L. Link (Pteridaceae) at copper
sulfate concentrations of up to 50 ppm but inhibited at 100
ppm and higher copper sulfate concentrations. Significant
differences on the rhizome and rhizoid lengths at varying
copper sulfate concentrations were observed (F =
2.39, P < 0.05 and F = 3.19, P < 0.05,
respectively) Rhizomes exposed to higher copper sulfate
concentrations showed browned and cracked root cuticles.
Damaged rhizomes and rhizoids were evident in plants exposed
to 400 ppm of copper sulfate concentration. |
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Title: |
Biological clock of golden snail (Pomacea
canaliculata) under conditions of malaka regency east
nusa tenggara province, Indonesia |
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Author (s): |
Jacqualine Bunga A, Wagiman F
X, Witjaksono and Jafendi Sidadolog H P. |
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Abstract: |
Biological clock of golden
snail (Pomacea canaliculata) was observed for three
consecutive days, day (12 hours of light) and night (12
hours of dark), under tropical climate conditions in the
District of Malaka, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.
Each pair of male and female snails of 10 pairs was placed
on the surface of the mud in the bucket at 05.30 a.m. local
time. Twenty rice seedlings were planted at the middle of
the bucket. Mobility, feeding, mating and egg laying were
observed at every hour started from 06.00 a.m. Illumination
did not affect significantly to the snails existence. Number
of snails existed on the mud surface was 78.47% at day light
and 93.61% at night, while inside the mud was 21.53% at day
light and 6.39% at night. Illumination affected
significantly to the snails activities. Most snails were
more active at night (63.20%) than during the day (22.92%).
Otherwise, the snails were more passive during the day
(77.08%) than the night (36.80%). The snail activities
during the day light as compared to the night were for
mobility 5.70%: 29.58%, feeding 13.33%: 22.50%, mating
3.89%: 10.56%, and egg laying 0%: 0.56%, respectively.
Implications of the findings is that hunting snails may be
done in the afternoon or evening. Snails that are inside the
mud escape from predation and hence they avoid extinction. |
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Title: |
Effect of moringa oleífera
meal inclusion on meat quality from the Mexican hairless pig |
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Author (s): |
Dzib-Cauich Dany, Ortíz-Ortiz
Jorge, Sierra-Vásquez Ángel, Sauri-Duch Enrique, Palacios-Ramírez
Valentín, Moo-HuchinVíctor and Sarmiento-Franco Luis |
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Abstract: |
The aim of this study was to
evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid
profile of the meat and subcutaneous fat of the Mexican
Hairless Pig (MHP) fed with Moringa oleifera meal (MOM).
Fifteen pigs of the genotype MHP were used, nine castrated
males and six females, which were randomly distributed into
three groups. The first group received a control diet (0%
MOM), while the second and third groups received a diet
containing 20% and 40% of MOM, respectively. Diet and the
sex of the animal had no influence on physico-chemical
parameters of the meat. Both diet and sex affected the
composition of fatty acids of the meat and subcutaneous fat.
The results suggest the inclusion of MOM as a source of
fatty acids for the diet of the MHP, given its contribution
to the production of meat and subcutaneous fat rich in
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA). |
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Title: |
Quantitative descriptors of cashew nut
categories in Nigeria: providing indices for superior nut
selection |
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Author (s): |
Adeigbe O.
O., Adewale B. D., Muyiwa A. A., Olasupo F. O.,
Olaniyi O. O., Adenuga O.O, Williams O.O and Aliyu O.M |
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Abstract: |
The most important economic
part of cashew tree is the nut and kernel. The quality of
cashew nut and kernel determines its acceptability and price
in the world market. Six sizes of nut have been identified
in Nigeria. This study aims to investigate diversity in the
cashew nut sizes in Nigeria in relation to their kernel and
shell ratios. Identification and characterization of the six
categories for kernel and nut properties will be of
paramount practical significance in direct selection of
superior genotype and for their subsequent use in cashew
improvement programmes. In this study six and current season
cashew nut sizes were examined for their nut, shell and
kernel properties. Variability among the group was evaluated
using analysis of variance (ANOVA). PCA analysis was
employed to group based on similarities and to identify
distinguishing traits. Ratio of the genotypic variance to
the phenotypic variance was estimated as the broad sense
heritability. Pearson Correlation analysis was estimated to
understand the relationship between pairs of traits. Nut
weight ranged from 2.95 to 23.20g while kernel weight ranged
from 0.04 to 6.88g. The weight of the kernel is dependent on the nut girth and nut
weight.
The traits: NW, NL, NGT, and NWD have the
highest heritability estimate. In this study, Extra-large
and Small nuts were best in shelling percentage, however the
former have bigger and bolder kernel, while the ‘Jumbo’ with
the largest nut size; has more of it weight attributed to
shell component compared to extra-large nuts. |
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Title: |
Effects of climatic
changes on crops, area of Santa Rosa de Cusubamba,
Cayambe-pichincha, Ecuador |
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Author (s): |
Emilio R. Basantes, Robert
Erreis, G. Jaffer Mohiddin and Alexandra E. Cuaycal |
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Abstract: |
This study was conducted in
the zone of Santa Rosa de Cusubamba, Cayambe Cantón,
Pichincha Province, In order to evaluate the effect of
climatic changes on the crops. The Vulnerability Index (VI)
was used for analyzing the exposure and sensitivity
components as factors influencing the development of crops.
Climatic projections were obtained according to exposure,
which indicated that in the period 2020-2049, there will be
a slight increment in temperature of 0.4 °C and in
precipitation of 69-89%, while for the period 2040-2069 the
temperature increment will be of 0.3°C and the precipitation
increment will be of 149-157%. With ECOCROP (data and the
use of the DIVA-GIS software, climatic aptitude of the
sensitivity of crops against weather conditions was
determined. The results indicated that the aptitudes for
cultivation of corn, potato, wheat and kidney bean were of
45%, 50%, 32% and 37% respectively. Adaptability was defined
based on the Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) indicator. The
results for the study area and for Cayambe Cantón were of
80% and 63% respectively, which represents a high percentage
compared to the average adaptability of Cayambe. In
conclusion, the Vulnerability Index established for the
study area indicated that corn, potato, kidney bean and
wheat crops are vulnerable to precipitation at a low level,
while to the temperature at a high level. |
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