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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
May 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 5 |
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Title: |
Comparison
diversity of Asphodeline lutea plant species among six
locations at alshoubak and alnaqab ecosystems in Jordan |
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Author (s): |
Ibrahim Mohammad Ibrahim
AlRawashdeh |
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Abstract: |
Asphodeline lutea plant
species is an edible plant with sweet taste used by local
communities as a medicinal plant and it can be taken fresh
or roast. The diversity of Asphodeline lutea plant species
was studied at AlShoubak and AlNaqab regions of Ma'an
governorate Southern part of Jordan. Quadrat-transect method
was randomly used to determine the density, richness,
dominance and evenness indices under selected sites. A total
of 90 quadrats of 0.5mx0.5m size were laid down at 50m
intervals along parallel line transects. A total of 15
vegetation species were recorded during this study. Of the
15 species, the most popular medicinal plants used in folk
medicine (Paronychia argentea and Teucrium polium) were not
recorded in all sites. Shannon diversity value was higher at
AlJhair site with elevation 1548m. Among studied sites West
direction showed high species richness (9) while the South
direction recorded the lowest species richness (4) at
AlNaqab/AlHiyad site with elevation 1554m. Among studied
sites high density and frequency values of Asphodeline lutea
species were recorded to AlShoubak castle and AlNaqab/AlHiyad,
5.33 and 0.93, respectively. Cyndon dactylon species has the
highest density values (10.8 and 5.8). Approximately at all
studied site Artemisia herba-alba Asso. considered the
dominant plant and an associated for most vegetation
species. Management plan for conserving the plant genetic
resources
at their natural habitats is necessary for next and present
generations. |
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Title: |
Improved
rooting in cavendish banana cv. grande naineusing coconut
shell activated charcoal and naa supplements |
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Author (s): |
Remedios S. Flamiano, Lordy
Grace C. Itang, Pablo B. Flamiano, Rosemarie S. Diamonon,
Renan B. |
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Abstract: |
The present study was done to
evaluate the efficacy of using coconut shell activated
charcoal in combination with napthalene acetic acid as
rooting amendment tofull strength Murashige and Skoog Medium
for Cavendish cv. Grande Naine. Concentrations of napthalene
acetic acid from 1-5 ppm, and coconut shell acivated
charcoal from 1% to 3% were added to full strength MS
medium. Regenerated microshoots of Cavendish banana were
allowed to root for 21 days in the different MS amended
media. Results of this study revealed that rooting of
Cavendish banana cv. Grande Naine was best in full strength
MS medium amended with 3.0% coconut shell activated charcoal
with2 ppm NAA,witheach plantlet developed anaverage 26 roots
having the longest roots of about 92.22 cm. Higher
concentrations of napthalene acetic acid at 4 ppmand 5 ppm
combined with 3% activated charcoalwere shown to have
inhibitory effects on the number and length of roots. Full
strength ,hormone-free MS medium had also been shown to
support rootingas with the different charcoal-amended MS
medium. Addition of 3% coconut shell activated charcoal to
full strength MS Medium further increased the number
ofmicroshoot roots although the increase was not significant
from the hormone-free full strength MS Medium. |
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Title: |
Postharvest life of cut gerbera (gerbera jamesonii) flowers
as affected by salicylic acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid |
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Author (s): |
Mona Mehdikhah, Rasoul
Onsinejad and Davood Hashemabadi |
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Abstract: |
Gerbera jamesonii from
Asteraceae family is important cut flowers. Extending the
vase life of gerbera cut flower was studied by three
concentrations of salicylic acid, citric acid and ascorbic
acid (50, 100 and 200 mg l-1). Results revealed that the
maximum vase life (11.31 days) was achieved in 100 mg l-1 of
citric acid. The vase life of control cut flowers was 5.80
days. Other measured characters such as loss of fresh
weight, dry matter percentage, brix degree, flower diameter
decreasing index, bacterial population in vase solution and
petal carotenoid were affected by these treatments. |
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Title: |
Amino
acids and mineral composition analysis of moringa peregrina
forssk (fiori) in Jordan |
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Author (s): |
Nasab Q. AlRawashdeh, Ibrahim
Mohammad AlRawashdeh and Tamara M. AlZghoul |
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Abstract: |
Amino acids, mineral
composition and protein analysis of Moringa peregrine Forssk.
(Fiori) seeds and leaves were investigated at Jordan. The
results showed that the fresh leaves have high percentage of
protein (14.5%) compared to dried leaves (6.45%). The
mineral analysis of fruit and leaves were investigated,
fruits showed high content of Mg 85.67 ppm, Zn 21.55ppm and
Cu 2.14ppm. Leaves recorded high content of Fe 62.26ppm and
10.48 ppm Pb. Amino acid analysis showed that Glutamic acid
was the highest percentage registered 2.77% followed by
Leucine 1.95%, while Cystine (0.25%) was the lowest
percentage recorded. The results emphasized that leaves and
fruits of Moringa peregrina Forssk. (Fiori) have great
potential as a source of food and feed. |
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Title: |
Investigating the effects of import tariff liberalization on
nigerian palm oil industry |
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Author (s): |
Henry Egwuma, Mad Nasir
Shamsudin, Zainalabidin Mohamed, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman
and Kelly Kai Seng Wong |
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Abstract: |
Government intervention in the
palm oil industry, primarily guided by the objective of
stimulating domestic production, takes the form of high
import tariffs. This study is an attempt to quantify the
impacts of reductions in import tariff on important
variables including area harvested, fresh fruit bunch yield,
production, imports, domestic demand, and price of palm oil
in Nigeria. Four scenarios were considered including a 10%,
30%, 50% and 100% reduction in import tariff. The results
from the simulation analysis reveal that all the scenarios
resulted in a decline in oil palm area harvested, yield,
palm oil production, domestic and producer prices of palm
oil. On the other hand, in imports and domestic consumption
of palm oil recorded significant increases relative to
baseline projections. The study recommends that governments
support to the palm oil industry should be increased in
order to offset or mitigate the negative impacts on palm oil
output and income of farmers that may arise from due to
liberalization. This support could take the form of
extensive investment in infrastructures such as
transportation facilities, provision of input subsidies, and
extension of incentives such as subsidized credit and
low-interest loans to farmers and producers in the palm oil
sector. |
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Title: |
Protein
quality and pathological effects of moringa oleifera (syns
moringa pterygosperma gaertn) seed and husk on albino rat
organs |
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Author (s): |
ADEPOJU Oladejo Thomas |
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Abstract: |
Moringa oleifera (Syns.
Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn) is a multi-purpose useful tree
whose leaf is used as vegetable, and the bark, stem and root
used in medications. The seed is normally used as coagulant
in water treatment with no documented information about its
short or long term pathological effect on people. Seed cakes
and husks are popular animal feeds especially in the
Tropics, hence Moringa oleifera seed and husk were analysed
for proximate composition and protein quality using standard
methods of analysis of AOAC and weanling albino rats
respectively. The histopathological effects of the prepared
diets on rat organs were also studied. The seed and husk
contained 18.6 and 11.2g crude protein, 6.8 and 1.1g crude
lipid, 4.9 and 7.0g ash, 59.4 and 62.9g carbohydrate, 3.1
and 17.7g crude fibre, and 382.6 and 370.7 Kcal gross energy
per 100g sample respectively. The seed husk protein
supported rats growth at 10% level of inclusion, their
weight gain being comparable with that of control group,
while there was reduction in feed intake and weight loss in
rats fed with the seed. Histopathological study revealed
that there was no conspicuous lesion on the heart, kidney,
liver and intestine of the rats on all diets, showing the
safety in their consumption. Moringa oleifera seed and husk
can serve as good source of protein of high biological value
to animals especially the ruminants, and hence to humans.
The use of its seed as water coagulant seems to be safe. |
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Title: |
Study on
proper time of livestock entry and exit to and from
rangeland in barm khoshk of sepidan or (the habitat of
semi-steppe Fars-Iran) |
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Author (s): |
Ghasem Khoda Haammi and Damoun
Razmjoue |
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Abstract: |
The rangelands consist of
various plants species that each of them has different
vegetative and reproductive stages. By doing this study, it
was possible to review the plan of grazing management of the
zones with similar vegetation to Barm Khoshk of Sepidan -
Fars located at 125 km of North West of Shiraz for 5 years
(2007-2010). The information such as: the phenology stages
and the total height of plant related to 6 rangeland species
that have a remarkable role in forage production of
considered rangeland for 20 weeks and during 4 years were
collected and recorded in the special sheet forms. For
determining the proper time for exit of livestock from
rangeland, the method of exploited percentage evaluation of
rangeland main species and comparing them with their allowed
exploitation limitation were used. According to the obtained
results, there are some different in terms of the process of
phenology in the reviewed years between 6 rangeland species.
Also, according to the obtained results, the allowed
exploitation limitation rangeland plant species is estimates
25 to 50 percent for most of the species and this allowed
exploitation amount in dry and wet years is obtained in
different time interval; it is recommended that in dry
years, early September, and in wet years, late September
should be considered as a proper time for livestock exit.
That according to the executive calendar, entry and exit
time of livestock in the schedule has a different between 2
to 3 weeks. |
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Title: |
Laboratory
evaluation of tinosphora rumphii as grain protectant against
rice weevil, sitophilus oryza L |
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Author (s): |
Pedro M. Gutierrez, Jr. |
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Abstract: |
Rice is the most important
widely grown cereal in the Philippines. During storage, rice
severely attacked by storage pests, mainly rice weevil,
Sitophilus oryza. This study aims to determine the grain
protectant efficacy of Tinospora rumphii against S. oryza.
Plant stem was pulverized and extracted in concentrated
ethanol. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried
out to determine the secondary metabolites that posses toxic
and insecticidal activities. The extract was applied at
three various concentrations, 6%, 12% and 18%
concentrations. Adult rice weevils were exposed to treated
rice grains and mortality was determined after 24, 48, 72,
96 and 120 hours of exposure. The study was laid out in
complete randomized design with four (4) replicates in every
treatment concentrations and the control groups (negative
and positive control). The efficacy of the extract was
assessed based on rice weevil s mortality, number of holes
and weight loss. Results showed that T. rumphii extract
contain flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins. In
addition, the various concentrations of T. rumphii extract
caused 35% to 85% weevil s mortality after 120 hours of
exposure which is extremely high compared to the negative
control (5%). The plant extract showed significant increase
on rice weevil mortality compared to the control group at
0.05 level of significance. On the other hand , the
mortality of rice weevils treated with the plant products
does not show concentration-dependent effect since the
percentage of weevil s mortality does not significantly
increase in relation to the increase of concentration. This
suggests that the lowest concentration (6%) of the extract
already exhibited an optimum effect on mortality of rice
weevils. The rice grains treated with T. rumphii extract
showed a significant decrease of the number of holes
compared to the negative control which indicates its
protective effect against weevil from damaging the rice
grains. Moreover, the extract also showed a significant
decrease of the percentage weight loss of grains infected
with the weevils. The significant decrease of weight loss in
treatment/experimental groups as compared to the negative
control could be a result of higher rice weevil s mortality.
T. rumphii stem extract demonstrated rice grain protectant
against S. oryza. The plant s high insecticidal activity
against rice weevil is supported by the presence of
phytochemicals flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins
that have strong insecticidal activity. |
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