|
|
| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
June 2011
| Vol. 6 No. 6 |
|
Title: |
Effect of
seed priming on grain yield and yield components of bread
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
|
Author (s): |
Liela Yari, Fardin Khazaei, Hossein Sadeghi and Saman Sheidaei |
|
Abstract: |
In order to
evaluate the effect of seed priming on seedling emergence,
grain yield and yield components of wheat, a 2-year
experiment was conducted at seed and plant certification and
registration Institute (SPCRI) in Karaj, Iran, from
2008-2010. Two cultivars (Azar-2, Sardare-101) × four
priming media and control (unsoaked) were used in this
experiment in field. Seeds were primed for 12 hour and 20 °C
in four priming media (PEG 10%, KCl 2%, KH2PO4 0/5%,
distilled water) and control. Results of comparing means
showed that osmotic priming with PEG10% had positive
significant effects on emergence percentage, straw, grain
and biological yield compared to other seed priming
treatments (KCl 2%, KH2PO4 0/5% and distilled water). It was
recognized that the maximum straw, biological yield, kernel
weight, number of spikes per m2 was obtained from
Sardari-101 meanwhile the highest number of kernels per
spike was achieved from Azar-2. Results of interaction
between year × seed priming treatment showed that maximum
seed yield was obtained from PEG 10% and Sardari-101(with
average of 420 gr/m2 ). |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
feeds containing different fats on certain carcass
parameters of Japanese quail |
|
Author (s): |
Hazim J.
Al Daraji, H. A. Al Mashadani H. A. Mirza, W. K. Al Hayani
and A. S. Al Hassani |
|
Abstract: |
The aim of this study was to determine the
effect of different dietary fat on carcass traits in
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total
of 168, 7 weeks old Japanese quail (48 males and 120
females) were used in this study. They were evenly
distributed into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates per
group containing 4 males and 10 females each. The birds fed
a basal diet with different fats (Sunflower, flax, corn, and
fish oils) at 3% level for 13 weeks. On the last day of
experiment, 12 birds were randomly selected from each
treatment group (6 males and 6 females) and slaughtered to
determine carcass characters included in this study which
were carcass weight, dressing percentage with or without
giblets and the relative weights of heart, liver, gizzard,
thighs, wings, breast, back, neck and abdominal fat. Our
results indicated that supplementing diet of quail with fish
oil and flax oil resulted in significant improvement
concerning body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage
with or without giblets and relative weights of heart,
liver, gizzard, thigh, and breast and significant decrease
(p < 0.05) as regards relative weights of wings, back and
neck compared to treatments of sunflower oil and corn oil.
However, T4 (Fish oil) surpasses other treatment groups (T1,
T2, and T3) with relation to all carcass parameters involved
in this experiment. Overall, the results reveal that adding
fish and flax oils to the diet of Japanese quail have a
significant effect on carcass efficiency. Therefore, fish
and flax oils could be used as a good tool for improving
carcass yield of quails. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on biosecurity of workers
in live bird markets at Mymensingh, Bangladesh |
|
Author (s): |
S. Sarker, S. Talukder, E. H.
Chowdhury and P.
M. Das |
|
Abstract: |
An understanding about
knowledge, attitudes, and practices of poultry workers
mainly on biosecurity regarding avian influenza was assessed
in Live Bird Markets (LBMs) at urban and periurban areas at
Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Three hundred and eighteen
workers were interviewed confidentially in their workplace
using a structured pretested questionnaire regarding
demographics, knowledge
of transmission and prevention of avian influenza, attitudes
toward this disease,
precautions at work,
sources of information and pattern of selling birds and
cleanliness. The majority was male and Muslim of average
aging 35 years.
About half the respondents had attended up to primary school
and below one-third were illiterate. Most of them (84% and
77% in urban and periurban LBMs respectively) had knowledge
about avian influenza and they gathered knowledge through
the mass media, and about
59.32% and 32.20% LBM workers of urban and periurban
correspondingly agreed that avian influenza is a serious but
preventable disease. Knowledge
about mode of transmission, source of infection and
preventive practices varied greatly.
About 57.16% urban and 78.97% periurban LBM
workers washed their hands with soap as a preventive
measure. Conversely, One-third (77.62%) urban and nearly
half (44.06%) periurban LBM workers cleaned the stalls or
cages daily and more percentage of respondents used water as
a cleaning material. Selling of mixed birds is a more common
practice in urban LBMs than that of periurban. Therefore, a
concerted effort is required to enhance knowledge and change
the behavior among those most at risk in low-income
countries and the precautions necessary to avoid spreading
the virus among poultry and humans. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Fruit
consumption among university of Ibadan students, Nigeria |
|
Author (s): |
Adenegan
K. O. and I. B. Adeoye |
|
Abstract: |
Fruit consumption among undergraduate
students were assessed in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwest,
Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the
proportion of students’ income spent on fresh fruits and
processed fruits; determine the level of acceptability of
processed fruits by students and the factors affecting the
consumption of fresh and processed fruits. One hundred
students were selected for the study using random sampling
technique and data collected using well structured
questionnaires. Data obtained was subjected to descriptive
and regression analysis. The results of the study show that
out of N6487.09 earned by students on the average, 4.58%,
4.4% and 9.29% of it were spent on fresh, processed and both
kinds of fruits respectively. Majority of students made
their choice on fruit consumption based on the prices in the
market. Also, more than 60% of the respondents preferred
the fresh fruits to processed fruits. Students income and
taste were significant determinants of the amount spent on
fresh fruits by students (P<0.05). On the other hand, only
students income (P<0.05) had significant effect on the
quantity of processed fruit consumed. Based on the findings
of this study, stakeholders should be encouraged to employ
technique of preserving fresh fruits due to the preference
shown for fresh fruits over processed product. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Antifungal activities of Jatropha curcas and
Ricinus cumunis
seeds on Fusarium verticilliodes and Aspergillus flavus in
yam |
|
Author (s): |
Makun H.
A., Anjorin S. T., Adeniran L. A., Onakpa M. M., Muhammad H.
L., Obu O. R. and Agbofode Y. V. |
|
Abstract: |
Antifungal properties of Jatropha curcas and
Ricinus cumunis seed extracts in the control of mycelia
growth and rot development of yam caused by Fusarium
verticilliodes and Aspergillus flavus was
investigated in-vitro and in-vivo. Water
extracts of deoiled, crude extract and extracted oil of
Jatropha curcas and Ricinus cumunis (castor oil)
were tested against A. flavus and F.
verticilliodes. The effect of these treatments were
compared with super homai® and distilled water.
Data on mycelia growth were recorded by day 4th,
5th, 6th, and 7th days
respectively. The result showed that in-vitro and
in-vivo, castor oil seed crude extract lowers mycelia
growth of F. verticilliodes significantly at (P<0.05)
compared to other treatments, it also lowered the rot index
in yam. Similarly, castor oil seed crude extracts had the
lowest mycelial growth on A. flavus in-vitro while
in-vivo, J. curcas crude extract and deoiled castor
oil seed extract significantly (P<0.05)
reduced rot depth of yam compared with other treatments. The
findings indicate promising potentials of J. curcas
and R. cumunis seeds in management of plant fungal
diseases. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
plant growth regulators on organogenesis in Protocorm-like
body (PLBS) of Cymbidium dayanum in vitro |
|
Author (s): |
Syeda
Jabun Nahar, Shimasaki Kazuhiko, Huang Chieh Li and Naruemol
Kaewjampa |
|
Abstract: |
The present study was conducted to
investigate the effect of plant growth regulator on in
vitro regulation of Protocom-like-bodies (PLBs) of
Cymbidium dayanum without any phyto-hormone. PLBs of
Cymbidium dayanum species were explanted on
Modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with
three types of elicitors such as “Chitosan H”, Marine Sweet
(N-acethyl glucosamine) and “Hyaluronic acid 9” (HA 9) with
various concentrations. New PLBs and shoots were
successfully regenerated after the application of elicitor
with modified MS medium. “Chitosan H” at 0.1 mg L-1
was the highest PLBs induction rate (93%) and shoots
formation rate (79%) observed with medium containing
“Chitosan H”at 1 mg L-1. Medium containing “HA 9”
at 1 mg L-1 was the high frequency of PLBs
formation rate (100%) and shoots formation rate (93%)
observed at medium containing 1 mg L-1 and 0.001
mg L-1 “HA9”. For induction of PLBs and shoots,
“Marine Sweet” at 0.1 mg L-1 was most effective
for maximum PLBs formation rate (87%) and shoot formation
rate (67%). A comparative of effective “Chitosan H”,
“Hyaluronic acid 9” and “Marine Sweet” found that
“Hyaluronic acid 9” was the best plant growth regulators
which enhance both PLBs and shoots formation. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Growth
analysis of component crops in a maize-soybean intercropping
system as affected by time of planting and spatial
arrangement |
|
Author (s): |
A. A.
Addo-Quaye, A. A. Darkwa and G. K. Ocloo |
|
Abstract: |
Two field trials were conducted in 2007 and
2008 to determine the appropriate sequence of planting and
spatial arrangement for the maize-soybean intercropping
system for optimum growth. The experimental design was a
randomized complete block design with three replicates.
Treatments consisted of combinations of five relative times
of planting either maize or soybean and two spatial
arrangements of soybean (alternate or double rows). One sole
crop each of maize and soybean was added for comparison.
Results of the growth analysis indicated that maize planted
simultaneously with soybean or before soybean recorded
significantly higher values of leaf area index (LAI), crop
growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Spatial
arrangement did not influence these parameters in maize.
Interaction between time of planting and spatial arrangement
was however significant. LAI and CGR for maize increased
with time while NAR declined. For the soybean crop, soybean
planted on the same day with maize or planted before maize
recorded significant LAI, CGR and NAR values. Soybean
planted in double arrangement with maize recorded
significant higher growth than soybean planted in alternate
row arrangement with maize. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Evaluating
potential nutritive value of pomegranate processing
by-products for ruminants using in vitro gas
production technique |
|
Author(s): |
Afshar
Mirzaei-Aghsaghali, Naser Maheri-Sis, Hormoz Mansouri,
Mohammad Ebrahim Razeghi, Ali Mirza-Aghazadeh, Hossein Cheraghi and Abolfazl
Aghajanzadeh-Golshani |
|
Abstract: |
This study was carried
out to determine the chemical composition and estimation of
nutritive value of pomegranate seed (PS) and pomegranate
peel (PP) using in vitro gas production technique.
Fermentation of PS and PP samples were carried out with
rumen fluid obtained from three mature canulated steers. The
amount of gas production for PS and PP at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12,
24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were measured. The results showed
that gas volume at 24 h incubation (for 200 mg dry samples),
were 22.90 and 47.42 ml/200mg DM for PS and PP,
respectively. The in vitro organic matter
digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), short
chain fatty acid (SCFA) and net energy for lactation (NEl)
contents of PS were 423.4 g/kg DM, 6.20 MJ/kg DM, 0.504 mmol
and 2.352 MJ/kg DM, while for PP were 590 g/kg DM, 8.85 MJ/kg
DM, 1.048 mmol and 5.092 MJ/kg DM. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
season and soil concentration on the uptake of minerals in
Portulaca-oleracea |
|
Author (s): |
Javed Abbas Bangash, Muhammad
Arif, Faizullah Khan and Faridullah Khan |
|
Abstract: |
To study the effect of season and soil
concentration on the uptake of minerals in
Portulaca-oleracea,
it was grown on minerals (Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mg and Fe)
supplemented soil both in winter and summer seasons
respectively.
For this purpose a plot was prepared having 12 sub-boxes.
Portulaca-oleracea was grown in these boxes and
supplemented either with individual element or combination
of elements except in box-12 for comparison. Before sowing
seeds, soil samples were taken and analyzed for pH,
electrical conductivity (EC), texture, organic matter, lime
content (CaCO3), Potassium, Phosphorus and
concentrations of
extractable metals (Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mg and Fe).
Irrigation water was also analyzed for different parameters
that is pH, conductivity (EC), chloride, sulphate and
extractable metals (Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mg and Fe). After
harvesting, vegetable samples were dried, acid digested and
analyzed for Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mg on Hitachi Zeeman
Japan Z-8000, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
Maximum concentration of Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mg and Fe (54±0.50,
316±4.00, 110±1.40, 22±0.30, 23120±14and 3548±12) mg/Kg on
dry weight basis in winter samples and (24±0.30, 352±2.00,
184±1.80, 36±0.30, 24840±24and 2792±22) mg/Kg on dry weight
basis in summer samples were observed. From the present
study it can be concluded that for enhancing chromium,
magnesium and iron contents, winter season, while for zinc,
manganese, copper, and magnesium summer season is best. An
attempt was made to see whether it is possible to enhance
the level of nutritionally and therapeutically important
minerals in the same plant grown in different seasons. The
study revealed that it is possible. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
cashew/rice/plantain intercropped on weed incidence in Edo State, Nigeria |
|
Author (s): |
Famaye A.
O. and Adeyemi E. A. |
|
Abstract: |
This study determined the effects of weed
incidence and biomass on cashew intercropped with rice and
plantain in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)
Uhonmora Substation, Edo State between 2007 and 2008. There
were six treatments comprising of cashew sole, rice sole,
plantain sole, cashew/rice, cashew/plantain and
cashew/rice/plantain. Cashew and plantain were planted 4.5m
and 3.1m apart respectively while rice 30cm apart using
small teaspoonful as a standard measure adopted per hole in
this trial. The experiment was laid out in a randomized
complete block design with three replicates. Data were
collected on plant height, plant girth, leaf area, weed
incidence and biomass monthly. Grain and bunch obtained from
rice and plantain were recorded. Result obtained showed that
cashew sole gave the highest weed biomass, closely followed
by cashew/rice and then cashew/plantain. The least was
recorded in cashew/rice/plantain intercrop. Considering the
morphological parameters (plant height, leaf, and girth and
leaf area) no significance difference between the sole
cashew, cashew/rice and cashew/plantain intercropped.
However, cashew/rice/plantain with lowest weed biomass was
lower than other treatment in terms of these growth
parameters. Therefore, cashew/rice and cashew/plantain
intercrop with lower weed biomass and comparable vegetative
growth could be recommended to cashew farmers instead of
sole cropping. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
replacing fishmeal with Spirulina on carcass
composition of rainbow trout |
|
Author (s): |
Y.
Ahmadzadenia, K. Nazeradl, S. Ghaemmaghami hezave, M. A.
Hejazi, S. Zamanzad Ghavidel, S. Hassanpour and M.
Chaichisemsari |
|
Abstract: |
The aim of
this study was to investigate replacing soybean meal with
Spirulina, at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%, on body length,
carcass mean weight (CMW) and Chemical analysis of carcass
in rainbow trout during first 50 days of feeding. Four
hundred-fifty Rainbow trout mean body weight 30 ± 3 gr were
randomly allocated into fifty 1.5×1.5 meter fiberglass tanks
(30 fish in each tank). The tanks received aerated well
water with a flow rate of 5–7 Lit. min -1. The temperature,
pH and dissolved oxygen values of the water were 12.2 ±
0.1ºC, 6.9, and 10.2 ± 0.3 mg/Lit., respectively and
monitored daily. Experimental diet was formulated according
to nutrients requirements of rainbow trout using suggested
standards. Spirulina was replaced with soybean meal
of diets in five different levels, T1: kept for control and
replacing Soybean meal with 0% Spirulina, T2:
replacing Soybean meal with 20% Spirulina, T3:
replacing Soybean meal with 40% Spirulina, T4:
replacing Soybean meal with 60% Spirulina, T5:
replacing Soybean meal with 80% Spirulina which fed
the experimental diets twice daily for 50 days. Data were
processed in excel and statistical analysis was performed
using SAS (ver/ 9.1). Our results indicated that there was a
significant difference between the groups in body length,
CMW, carcass CP, CF and Ash levels (P <0.01). replacing
different levels of Spirulina increased body length,
CMW, CP and Ash and decreased CF in T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups
compare to T1 group (P <0.01). |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
