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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science June 2015 | Vol. 10 No.
6 |
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Title: |
Study on
prevalence of bacterial causes in calves arthritis |
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Author (s): |
Mehdi
Goodarzi, Faham Khamesipour, Seyed Adnan Mahallati, Maryam Karimi Dehkordi and Shahrzad
Azizi |
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Abstract: |
One of the most common causes of calling in
calves and economic losses is septic arthritis and joint
diseases. Septic arthritis may occur in several routes:
direct trauma, extension from particular infection,
contamination of the joint or hematogenously. The aim of
this study was to determine bacterial causes of septic
arthritis and the most effective antibiotic against the
isolated organisms. In this study, 40 crossbreed arthritic
calves, in both sexes, up to 3 month-old were examined.
After general and clinical examination, blood samples were
aseptically collected from jugular vein and examined for
routine bacterial culture. Synovial fluid samples were also
aspirated aseptically from arthritic limb joints and
submitted for routine bacterial culture, and polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) assay for Mycoplasma bovis (M.
bovis) detection. Antibiotic sensitivity test was
performed in cases with positive bacterial culture. Our
results showed, WBC, neutrophils counts and fibrinogen in
blood samples were increased significantly (P<0.05).
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia
coli (E.coli) and Corynebacterium bovis (C.
bovis) were isolated from 4 (10%), 6 (15%) and 8 (20%)
of blood samples of cases with arthritis, respectively. In
synovial fluid analysis, viscosity was decreased in all
cases. Total protein, WBC and neutrophils counts were
increased and monocytes counts was decreased significantly
(P<0.05). In 55% of population, synovial fluid culture was
positive. It was included E.coli, C. bovis and
S. aureus, 2 (5%), 8 (20%) and 12 (30%) respectively.
M. bovis was detected by PCR from 8 (20%) of synovial
fluid of affected animals. In in-vitro antibiotic
sensitivity test, gentamycin was the most effective
antibiotic against isolated organism during this study. |
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Title: |
Biochemical and physiological changes of
different plants species in response to heat and cold stress |
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Author (s): |
Haseena
Khan, Safdar Hussain Shah, Nasir Uddin, Noreen Azhar,
Muhammad Asim, Sulha Syed, Farhan Ullah, Faiza Tawab and
Jaweria Inayat |
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Abstract: |
The present study was
conducted to determine the accumulation of proline and sugar
in seven different plant species i.e. Euphorbia
resinifera, Echinocactus grusonii, Aloe vera,
Crassula lacteal, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Yuca aloifolia
and Sansevieria trifasciata. Keeping in view the
importance of environmental abiotic factors (heat, cold,
salinity, dehydration, excessive osmotic pressure etc) on
growth and performance of the plant, these species were
subjected to heat and cold stress for 72 hours. The
temperature was raised to 40oC and maintained at
8oC for heat and cold stress respectively. Water
content decreased in all 7 species under heat and cold
stress. Prominent increase in proline was recorded in
Yuca aloifolia (10.17852µmolg-1), Aloe vera
(4.70448 µmolg-1) followed by Echinocactus
grusonii (1.51008µmolg-1) when subjected to
heat stress. Under cold stress low proline was observed in
all plants except Bryophyllum pinnatum (0.29766 µmolg-1).
Prominent increase in sugar content under cold stress was
recorded in Euphorbia resinifera (84.71645 µmolg-1)
followed by Yuca aloifolia (48.51765 µmolg-1)
under heat stress. Maximum decrease in sugar content was
found in Crassula lacteal (4.61145 µmolg-1)
when subjected to heat stress. Maximum increase in proline
and sugar content was noted when subjected to heat and cold
stress respectively. |
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Title: |
Heritability, selection response and
correlation for yield and yield components in irrigated
wheat |
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Author (s): |
Kaleemullah, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Fazl-e-subhan, Fazal
Rabi, Nadia Bostan, Sufiyan Qureshi and Waqas Ahmad |
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Abstract: |
Eighteen wheat genotypes along with two check
cultivars (Pirsabak-2004 and Bathoor) were evaluated at
three locations of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Analysis of variance
across three locations revealed significant differences
among wheat genotypes and locations for tillers m-2,
spike length, grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight
and grain yield. Genotype × location interaction was also
significant (P < 0.05) for all studied traits
indicating differential performance of genotypes over the
three locations. Ranking of wheat genotypes for major yield
components varied over three locations. Maximum tillers m-2
were produced by genotype WG-08036 at AUP (421 tillers m-2),
WG-08019 at NIFA (354 tillers m-2) and CT-08055
and WL-08109 at CCRI (287 tillers m-2). Genotypes
SRN-55, SRN-28 and CT-0905 were high grain yielder at AUP
(7222 kg ha-1), NIFA (4756 kg ha-1)
and CCRI (5859 kg ha-1). Moderate broad sense
heritability estimates (h2B.S =
0.40-0.70) were observed for spike length, 1000-grain weight
and grain yield, whereas, low broad sense heritability (h2<
0.40) were recorded for tillers m-2 and grains
spike-1 over the three test locations. Grain
yield exhibited significantly positive genetic correlation
with tillers m-2 (rG= 0.32, P < 0.01)
and grains spike-1 (rG = 0.35, P <
0.01) while strong positive phenotypic correlation was
observed with 1000-grain weight (rP = 0.44, P <
0.05). |
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Title: |
An "high maneuverability" solution for
powering heavy duty tracked tractors with car common rail
diesel engines |
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Author (s): |
Leonardo
Frizziero and Luca Piancastelli |
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Abstract: |
Even in heavy duty tracked vehicle, just like
tracked tractors, it is possible to implement Electronic
stability control (ESC) system. This is a computerized
technology that improves the safety of a vehicle's stability
by detecting and reducing loss of traction (skidding). The
use of software for the Electronic Stability may render
controllable also inherently unstable vehicles. This can be
a revolution for heavy tracked tractors where the unstable
dual drive transmission can be used. This very simple
transmission system with its extremely high efficiency
reduces weight, room and fuel consumption. As for the
aircrafts, artificial stability improves handling, giving to
the driver the possibility to reach the ultimate dynamic and
static limits of the unstable vehicle. The overall
performance of the tractor is then enhanced. The possibility
to use two engines instead of one, far from being a
complication, makes it possible to use of the shelf market
solution box for engines and gearboxes. Automotive derived
CRDIDs (Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel) can be used
instead of specialized heavy duty direct injection diesel
engines. This paper demonstrates both the feasibility and
the durability of this solution. The TBO (Time between
Overhaul) of an automotive CRDID used in a heavy duty
vehicle is evaluated. Finally an ad hoc transmission is
proposed for the very limit case of a 2,000HP (1,500 kW)
powerplant. |
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Title: |
Productivity of tannia cocoyam varieties +
pigeonpea intercropping insouthern guinea savanna of Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
O. M. Egbe, J. A. Idoko and B. W.
Akaazua |
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Abstract: |
Two field experiments were conducted between
July, 2011 and December, 2013 at the Teaching and Research
Farm of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State,
Nigeria. The main objective of the two studies was to
evaluate the suitability of some tanniacocoyams for
intercropping with pigeonpea genotypes to improve the
productivity of pigeonpea/cocoyam intercropping systems in
the area. The first experiment consisted of three improved
tanniacocoyams and a local check evaluated for yields and
nutrient content in Randomized Complete Block design with
three replications. The second experiment experiment was a 2
x 2 x 3 split-split plot laid out in Randomized Complete
Block Design with three replications. Preliminary results
indicated that the local tannia cocoyam (‘Ikiko’) proved
superior in cormel length, diameter and fresh cormel yields
to all the improved ones, except NXS001. Corm and cormel
weights of the cocoyam component were reduced by
intercropping. The results also showed that intercropping
pigeonpea genotypes with cocoyam varieties increased the
number of pods per plant, dry pod weight, dry seed yields
and leaf litter of pigeonpea component. Also, intercropping
pigeonpea with NXS 001 cocoyam gave significantly higher dry
pod weight and seed yields than intercropping with
traditional cocoyam. Intercrop productivity indices
indicated benefits of intercropping pigeonpea with the
cocoyam. Pigeonpea proved more competitive than cocoyam
under intercropping. These results suggested that
intercropping pigeonpea with cocoyam was more productive
than the sole crop of either of the intercrop components and
may therefore serve as an alternative production system for
the farmers. |
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Title: |
The efects of heavy metals, phosphate, lime
and sawdust on plant growth and heavy metal accumulation by
lecttuce |
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Author (s): |
Nguyen Xuan Cu |
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Abstract: |
Heavy metal pollution in soil and water is a
global environmental concern. In Vietnam, accumulation of
heavy metals in soil, water and plant biomass has been
widely reported. Cultivation of crops on contaminated sites
may result in both growth inhibition and tissue accumulation
of heavy metals with resulting possible risks to human
health. In this paper, plant growth inhibition and
accumulation of Cu, Pb and Zn by Lettuce (Lactuca sativa
L.), and the ability of phosphate, lime and sawdust
reducing accumulation of heavy metals by plant are evaluated
in pot experiments. The heavy metal concentrations in
above-ground tissue of Lettuce indicated a high accumulation
of heavy metals due to Cu, Pb and Zn stress in soil. The
contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in plant were related more closely
to heavy metal of EDTA-extractable concentrations in soils.
More effects to reduce the accumulation of Cu, Pb and Zn in
Lettuce were observed in all experiments with phosphate
fertilizer, lime or sawdust applied. However, the
application of phosphate fertilizer and lime are more
effective than sawdust to reduce Cu, Pb and Zn uptake by
Lettuce, especially for Cu and Pb. |
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