Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science       ISSN 1990-6145
 
 
 

 
Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science          July  2006 | Vol.1  No.1

 
Title:

Evaluation of Nutritive Value of different levels of Chrome Shaving (hydrolyzed) partially replacing animal protein in the feed on the Performance of Quail Chicks

Author (s): Samreen Riaz and Dr. Saadia Shahzad Alam
Abstract:

The Present study was carried out to evaluate the different levels of tannery wastes (chrome shaving) on the growth performance of quail chicks. The tannery waste was partially replaced by the animal protein and 2.5% and 5% levels were prepared and given in the feed of chicks. One day old chicks were purchased from local hatchery and were studied up to 9th week. The effect of tannery waste (chrome shaving) was also observed up to 9th week. Chicken were slaughtered, dried and sent for further analysis like fat content, moisture, mineral contents, protein estimation, dressing percentage and total body weight. Both levels of chrome shavings showed significant results. However, these changes were more pronounced in 5% level of tannery waste (chrome shaving).

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:
Reconstruction of Chromosomal Inheritance in Pedigree of Japanese Wheat Cultivars
Author (s): Syed Shahinshah Gilani, Tomohiro Ban and Zabta Khan Shinwari
Abstract:

The objective of the study was to trace the transfer of chromosomal fragment from parent to offspring in Japanese wheat cultivars and to assess their genetic diversity. The extended pedigree of Japanese wheat cultivars was constructed with the help of available information. SSR data clearly indicated the transfer of fragments from parents to their offspring. At some places only a single primer could be detected to be transferred from parents to the offspring while at other place the whole fragment could be detected to be transferred. Thus SSR analysis of Japanese wheat line clearly and safely can be used for pedigree tracing. SSR analysis of Japanese wheat cultivars produced 88 Haplotypes. Genetic Diversity index ranged from 0.089 to 0.664. 75 Haplotypes were also developed when the SSR data was analysed on the basis of Asakaze Komugi alleles presence, similarity and difference in other Japanese wheat cultivars. The similarity of alleles among them ranged from 40% to 86.67 %. None of the Japanese wheat cultivars showed 100% similarity with Asakaze Komugi alleles. At least one of the resistance genes of Saiki 165 must have been introduced from Asakaze komugi, which is moderately resistant. Our results through haplotypes and pedigree analysis also confirmed it. The results were also confirmed by hierarchical cluster analysis, using statistical programme SPSS.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:
Use of Vegetables as Nutritional Food: Role in Human Health
Author (s):

Rumeza Hanif, Zafar Iqbal, Mudassar Iqbal, Shaheena Hanif and Masooma Rasheed

Abstract:

Vegetables included in daily schedule of diet viz. Sweet Pepper, Cauliflower, Carrot, Cabbage, Lettuce, Spinach, Tomato, Potato, Reddish, and Bottle Gourd were analyzed for their proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that almost all vegetables contain appreciable amount of essential nutrients. Moisture content was high ranging from 77% in potato to 94.5% in bottle gourd followed by carbohydrate in all selected vegetables. Crude protein, Crude fiber and ash were in range from 0.9 to 2.1%, 0.3 to 1.2% and 0.5% to 1.1% respectively. Sweet pepper was found to be highest in crude fiber content. Vegetables intake is beneficial for obese, as they furnish fat to a lesser extent. Minerals in dry weight basis were found in different concentration in all vegetables. K was the most abundant mineral followed by P and Ca. Some vegetables constitute appreciable amount of Na. Potato contained 240 mg/100gm K, but Calcium (8 mg/100gm) was deficient in it. Na was found high (63.9 mg/100gm) in reddish. P and Ca concentration was found 84mg/100gm and 76 mg/100gm respectively in Spinach, which is also an efficient source of Fe 6mg/100gm. comparatively, tomato contained less amount of P (27 mg/100g). Cabbage was found deficient in Fe (0.51 mg/100gm). All the vegetables analyzed, are poor source of Cr. Vitamin analysis confirmed that selected vitamins were found high in spinach followed by cauliflower and tomato.  Carrot contains minimum amount of water soluble vitamin among various vegetables. Thiamine was relatively in higher amount than niacin and riboflavin.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title: Effect of different levels of Chrome Shavings on Hematological Parameters in the blood of Quail Chicks
Author (s): Samreen Riaz, Dr. Saadia Shahzad Alam and Dr. Ghazanfar Ali
Abstract:

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of tannery wastes or chrome shaving on hematological parameters of quail chicks. The chrome shaving was replaced by animal protein with 2.5 % and 5 % level and administrated to chicks in feed. The study was carried out up to 9th week of quail chicks. The blood was taken after each month from test and control quail chicks and studied for Hb (Hemoglobin) contents, TEC (total erythrocyte count), TLC (total leukocyte count) and PVC (packed cell volume). The Hb content, TEC, TLC and PVC were increased significantly in last three months. Increase was high in 5% level of chrome shaving as compared to 2.5 % chrome level. Although, these changes were time and dose dependent.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:

Effect of the source and rate of Humic acid on Phosphorus transformations

Author (s):

M. S. Sarir, M. I. Durrani and Ishaq A. Mian

Abstract:

An incubation experiment was carried out in vitro to monitor changes in bicarbonate extractable phosphate, resulting from the addition of applied-P (SSP) reinforced with both Farm Yard Manure (humic acid basis) and humic acid (lignitic coal). A calcareous soil was incubated with SSP (60 kg ha-1) alone and in different combinations with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and humic acid (200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2000gms ha-1). Addition of FYM could not help in the mineralization of applied-P. The non significant effect of Farm Yard Manure on P-mineralization suggests that FYM recommendations on the basis of humic acid content do not fulfil the actual humic acid requirements. Therefore, further work is needed to incorporate additional parameters to fulfill the actual humic acid requirements. Humic acid (lignitic coal) applied @ 200g ha-1 showed least P-immobilization both from native and applied-P pool during 16 week of incubation. Percent P recovery and mineralized-P was also greater in humic acid @ 200g ha-1 soil.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:

Analysis of Staphylococcus sp. for secondary metabolite production

Author (s):

Dr. Nazia Jamil and  Nuzhat Ahmed

Abstract:

Several samples were collected from a variety of sources such as surface water, deep-sea water, sediments, sea animals and plants from Arabian Sea. The samples were analyzed both qualitatively & quantitatively for the presence of bacteria. Their resistance markers were studied and two Staphylococcus sps. were screened for the production of secondary metabolites. Analytic techniques and electron microscopic observations have revealed the presence of important compounds such as cadmium binding compound, oleic acid, palmatic acid, SMHS1 and 3. These have potential for commercial exploitation.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:

Nutritional status of different orchards irrigated with wastewater in district Peshawar

Author (s):

Sajida Parveen, Wajahat Nazif, Mian Furqan Ahmad, Ahmad Khan and Iftikhar Alam Khattak

Abstract:

The major micronutrients and heavy metals accumulation in soil and leaves irrigated with wastewater in Loquat, Peach, Apricot, Plum and pear orchards at Pandu (in district Peshawar) were studied during 2004. The soil samples were collected from two depths 0-30cm and 30-60cm. A total of 10 composite soil samples (mixing of 10-15 sampling) each for both depths from each orchard, along with 5 composite plant leaves and water samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed for macronutrients (N, P, and K) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, and Mn) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, and Pb). The average values of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd, and Pb were found to be 0.04%, 1.04, 49.25, 2.50, 0.27, 2.09, 0.47, 0.32 and 1.09 mg kg-1 , respectively in 0-30cm soil depth where as 0.03%, 0.66, 78.01, 3.55, 0.35, 2.27, 0.47, 6.26 and 1.52 mg kg-1 , respectively were found in 30-60cm soil depth. The differences in nutrients accumulation were non- significant (using t-test at P< 0.05) between these two soil depths for all micronutrients except P. The macronutrients (N, P and K) in soil, and only N in leaves were deficient; where as P and K accumulation in leaves were adequate. Micro nutrients accumulations in leaves of various orchards were adequate in comparison to P(0.13-0.35), K(2.5-3.0), N(2.0-2.5), Zn(2-150), Cu(5-20), Mn(20-50), Ni(6-10), Cd(0.02), and Pb(2.0) mg kg-1 critical values in plants leaves , while Ni and Cd were high. Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration in wastewater were adequate where as Ni, Cd, and Pb was higher than the standard. Additional N application along with micronutrients and wastewater application may be better to use for improving nutritional status of the study area.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:

Evaluation of irrigation water for heavy metals of Akbarpura area

Author (s):

Wajahat Nazif, Sajida Perveen and Syed Asif Shah

Abstract:

A study was conducted on heavy metal contents of irrigation water in Akbarpura area of District Nowshera, NWFP, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from two irrigation sources (canal and Bara River) with three replications each from Akbarpura, Kurvi and Banda Sheikh Ismail villages. Water samples were collected in clean bottles at 10cm depth. The samples collected were analyzed for their heavy metal contents including copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, nickel and chromium by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.  Heavy metal contents were found much lesser in irrigation canal water as compared to Bara River water. Copper, lead, iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium were found in normal concentrations in both irrigation canal and Bara River, while zinc and manganese were found in deficient concentrations

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:

Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) cultivars to different sowing times

Author (s):

Shujat Hussain, Muhammad Sajid, Noor-ul- Amin, Shah Alam and Zafar Iqbal

Abstract:

In order to study the response of okra cultivars to different sowing times, an experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Agriculture, Skardu (Northern Areas) during summer 2005. Five cultivars of Okra i.e. Malav-27, Sabz Pari, Super Green, Pusa Sawani and Punjab Selection were sown in three different sowing dates with 10 days interval i.e. 18th May, 28th May and 8th June, 2005. Maximum number of picking (27.80), number of pods per plant (26.22), fruit diameter (1.46cm), plant height (1.48m), yield per hectare (14.57 tons) was recorded in cultivar Malav-27, when sown on 28th May, 2005. Minimum days to emergence (10.93) and days to first picking (75.60) was observed when different okra cultivars sown on 08th June, 2005, whereas the minimum days to emergence (10.89) were observed in cultivar Malav-27 and minimum days to first picking (75.56) was recorded in cultivar Punjab Selection. Okra cultivar Malav-27 should be sown on 28th May, for high yield at the agro climatic condition of Skardu.

 
 
 
Full Text  

Title:

Effect of integrated use of farm yard manure and urea on yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat

Author (s):

Zahir Shah and Mian Ishaq Ahmad

Abstract:

The effect of integrated use of urea and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) on yield and N uptake of wheat was assessed in a field experiment carried out on a silty clay loam soil in Peshawar valley of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan during 2001-02. Urea and FYM were combined in a way to supply N at 120 kg ha-1 from both sources in 0:0, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 ratios arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Wheat (variety: Ghaznavi) was planted in rows. Data on biological, grain and straw yields of wheat were recorded. Samples of grain and straw were also analyzed for total N to determine its uptake by the crop. The results indicated that maximum biological (10952 kg ha-1), straw (7710 kg ha-1), and grain (3242 kg ha-1) yields of wheat were obtained in treatment receiving N from urea and FYM in 75:25 ratio. The next higher yield was obtained in treatment receiving N from the two sources in 50:50 ratio. Comparing with other fertilizer treatments, the yields were significantly lower in treatments where N from urea source was below 50 %. Similarly, the N uptake in grain (47.66 kg ha-1) and straw (19.28 kg ha-1) was also significantly (P<0.05) greater in treatments receiving 75 or 50 % N from urea and 25 or 50% from FYM. The data on crop yields and N uptake in response to integrated use of urea and FYM supported each other. The residual soil organic fertility after crop harvest was proportional to the level of FYM used. Our data thus suggest that integrated use of urea and FYM at 75:25 or 50:50 ratios (N basis) has produced maximum yields and is therefore recommended for profitable wheat yield and sustainable soil fertility.

 
 
 
Full Text  
 
 

     

  

   

  

  

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

       arpnjournals.com                                                       Publishing Policy                                                  Review Process                                           Code of Ethics