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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
September 2014 | Vol. 9 No. 9 |
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Title: |
Activity
of coconut-shell liquid-smoke as an insecticide on the rice
brown planthopper (Nilaparvata Lugens) |
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Author (s): |
F. X.
Wagiman, Arik Ardiansyah and Witjaksono |
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Abstract: |
Laboratory trial proved that the genuine of
coconut-shell liquid-smoke grade II was very toxic against
the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and
phytotoxic to the rice plants. The genuine liquid smoke is
very acid (pH 1.2). It could be neutralized (pH 6, 46) by
adding it with
calcium oxide at rate of 7 grams per 100 ml. LC50
of the neutral
coconut-shell liquid-smoke grade II against N. lugens
at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment were
12.89,
11, and 9.94%, respectively. The concentration rate of 12.5%
was feasible to be developed into application dosage at
which this concentration rate of neutral liquid smoke was
not toxic to the plant. |
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Title: |
Effect of
Jatropa leaf powder amendment against leaf spot
(Alternaria solani)
on Lycopersicum esculentum L. |
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Author (s): |
Roshan
Regmi, Ravi Jha, L. Sobita Simon and Abhilasha A Lal |
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Abstract: |
Experiment was conducted in the Department of
Plant Protection, SHIATS to evaluate the efficacy of
Jatropa leaf powder at concentration 1, 2 ad 3 % w/w
against Alternaria solani inciting the leaf blight of
tomato. Pathogen was isolated from the research field of
SHIATS and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. Mass
culture of pathogen was carried out in Sorghum grains and
soil was sickened it with the mass culture of pathogen @ 40g
(4×103/g of soil). The Jatropa leaf powder
(JLP) was amended in sickened soil (100g/pot) before
2 days of seed sowing. The tomato seeds were sown in 4
treatments and 5 replications in the fiber cup including
control. The Symptoms started as yellowing and browning of
leaves after 15 days of germination and the symptoms
progressed upwards with the growth of plants. Disease
incidence and Percentage Disease intensity was checked at
regular intervals in 15, 30 and 45 days after germination.
The results showed that JLP at all concentration was
found to be effective in suppressing the disease intensity.
However, 3 % concentration was found to be significantly
superior in controlling of disease as well as favoured the
growth of tomato plant over other treatments including
control. |
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Title: |
Weed
destruction in cotton fields using hot foam method and its
comparison to certain other methods |
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Author (s): |
Ferhat
KUP and Ramazan SAGLAM |
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Abstract: |
Alternative weed control technology has
developed rapidly in recent years in order to ensure
sustainable agriculture. In our study, a comparison was made
between the results obtained by destructing certain weeds in
cotton fields using hot foam method with the results of
spraying, hoeing, and control variables. Stoneville-468
cotton was cultivated in a field of approximately 2 decares.
Weeds in cotton field were determined to be couch grass (Cynodon
daktylon), and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). As
a result, licorice destruction rate was determined to be 94,
3%, 84.1%. and 82.5% for hoeing, spraying, and hot foam
methods respectively. However, couch grass destruction rate
was 95.1% for hoeing and foam methods, while it was 94.5%
for spraying method. Furthermore, LSD test was applied and
the differences between the averages of spraying and hot
foaming were determined to be 0.32 and 0.272. And in terms
of their effect on cotton yield, hoeing ranked the first
place with 0.4 kg cotton yield per a field of 1 m2,
and was followed by spraying method with 0.36 kg, and hot
foam method with 0.35 kg; while the control method was
determined to be the last with 0.09 kg yield. As a result,
these close values indicate that hot foam method can be an
alternative for spraying method. |
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Title: |
Plant
derived smoke promotes seed germination and alleviates auxin
stress in carrot |
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Author (s): |
Sajjad
Asaf, Q.M. Imran, Amana Khatoon, Lubna, Rahmatullah
Jan,Hee-Young
Jung and Shafiq-Ur-Rehman |
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Abstract: |
The stimulation of seed
germination by smoke and aqueous smoke extracts has received
much attention in recent years. An application of aqueous
smoke solutions stimulates seed germination in a number of
plant species. The present study was designed to investigate
the reversion of negative effect of auxin by smoke
treatments. It was observed that smoke solutions of
Acacia nilotica
(A. nilotica)
improved seed germination percentage of
Dacus carota (D. carota)
at 500 and 1000 times (1000X) dilutions while
Cymbopogon jwarancusa (C. jwarancusa)
smoke solution significantly improved germination percentage
at 300X and 500X dilutions. However, concentrated smoke
solutions of both plants had inhibitory effect on
germination percentage of D. carota. Smoke solution
from Acacia
plant at 100 times dilution significantly increased root
length, while no significant
effect was observed for shoot length compared to control.
C. jwarancusa smoke solutions at 300X and 500X dilutions
significantly increased root length while shoot length was
increased at 50 times dilution but the difference was not
significant. Auxin solutions at dilutions of 15, 30 and 50
ppm inhibit germination of carrot seeds that was alleviated
by using both alleviating solutions (auxin 15 ppm + C.
jwarancusa 1:500 and auxin 15 ppm + acacia 1:100) which
improved germination percentage and reversed the inhibition
of auxin. In present investigation it has been observed that
smoke solution can alleviate the negative effects of auxin. |
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Title: |
Needs assessment of
sweetpotato production in northern Ghana: Implications for
research and extension efforts |
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Author (s): |
John Kanburi Bidzakin, Kwabena
Acheremu and Edward Carey |
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Abstract: |
The study was carried out to generate
baseline information on production, marketing and
utilization of sweetpotato in Northern Ghana. The assessment
was carried out using Rapid Rural Appraisal tools, including
focus group discussions, key informant interviews, seasonal
calendars, problem solving tree, decision making matrix,
problem census and prioritization matrix. Northern and Upper
East Regions reported higher yields ranging from (3 - 3.6)
tons/acre of fresh sweetpotato per acre if fertilizer was
applied. Upper West had lower yields of about (1.4 -1.8)
tons/acre of fresh sweetpotato (No fertilizer applied).
Northern and Upper East Regions also had a benefit-cost
ratio of 2.5 compared with that of the Upper West Region of
2.05. Lack of planting material was a major limiting factor
to the expansion of sweetpotato production especially in
Northern and Upper West Regions. Lack of good market sources
was an important limiting factor to production in all
regions. 5 varieties were identified in upper east region
with 3 and 4 identified in Northern and Upper West Regions,
respectively. This was mainly based on flesh and skin colour
of the sweetpotato, with orange-fleshed sweetpotato being
well-known at each location. |
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Title: |
Efficacy
of eucalyptus essential oil against leaf spot (Alternaria
solani) of Solanum melongena L. |
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Author (s): |
Ravi Jha,
Roshan Regmi, L. Sobita Simon and Abhilasha A. Lal |
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Abstract: |
With a view
to explore the efficacy of Eucalyptus essential oil against
leaf spot (Alternaria solani) of Solanum melongena L, an
experiment was conducted in the poly house at Department of
Plant Protection SHIATS, Allahabad. Essential oil of
Eucalyptus at different concentrations was evaluated against
Alternaria solani causing leaf spot of Brinjal. Pathogen was
isolated, identified and mass cultured and was artificially
inoculated in the soil @40g (8× 10 3/g of soil). The Brinjal
seeds were soaked in Eucalyptus oil at 4 different
concentration @1, 2, 3 and 4 % for an hour before 24 hours
of sowing and then treated seeds were sown in small fiber
cups (100g/cup) in 5 treatments and 6 replication including
control. Diseases manifests on 30days old seedling under
control characterized by blight, small, circular, brown
necrotic leaf spot with a chlorotic halo, which gradually
enlarged and coalesced causing withering and shedding of the
leaves while in others found less. The results revealed that
at 1 % and 2% concentration of Eucalyptus oil favoured the
growth of plants which were healthy suggesting inhibitory
effect of essential oil against disease symptom. However at
higher concentration of 3 and 4 % essential oil of
Eucalyptus it becomes toxic to the growth of plants since
plants shows yellowing and stunted growth. |
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