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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
October 2013 | Vol. 8 No. 10 |
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Title: |
Study of
lodging resistance and its associated traits in bread wheat |
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Author (s): |
MD.
Hasnath Karim and M. A. Jahan |
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Abstract: |
Lodging is a yield barrier and has long been
a problem in cereal cultivation. The objective of the study
was to measure and analyze the genetic variability and
evaluate the traits which are closely related to lodging
resistance. The study
revealed that there have significant differences among the
different genotypes of bread wheat. It is observed that
genotypes having higher solid pith area have higher lodging
resistance capability. Some characters of bread wheat also
highly heritable such as length of spike, 100-grain weight,
yield etc. So these characters would be effective for
selection in breeding programme. Sufi and Gourav varieties
are semi dwarf. They possess higher sclerenchyma layer
width, sclerenchyma layer number. They are capable to
lodging resistance. Pradiv, Shatabdi and Prativa have the
higher yield than other varieties are semi dwarf in nature.
Higher number of vascular bundle is positively correlated
with lodging resistance because vascular bundle possesses
some lodging resistance properties. For lodging resistance a
more practical approach would be to select amongst progeny
plants for shorter and solid stems. |
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Title: |
Effect of
irrigation regime and fertilizers to rice uptake of FE and
MN in red river delta, Vietnam |
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Author (s): |
Nguyen
Xuan Hai, Nguyen Thi Bich Nguyet and Nguyen Viet Anh |
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Abstract: |
This paper presents the effects of different
irrigation regimes and fertilizers to Fe available in paddy
soil and rice yield in Red River Delta, Vietnam. Results
show that shallow and exposure irrigation method by
withdrawing water during shooting stage decreased Fe2+
in soil, rice uptake and increased rice yield compared to
the traditional method. Organic fertilizer reduced Eh soil
and increased Fe2+, while cultivation method can
limit Fe toxicity for rice easily by FeOOH precipitation. In
shallow and exposure irrigation formula by withdrawing
water, the Fe-H2O content was decreased shapely
compared to the regular shallow irrigation (traditional
method). Organic fertilizer also decreased Fe available
compare to control formula. Irrigation with withdrawing
water at shooting stage decreased Fe2+ in soil,
limited Fe2+ uptake (toxic form for rice) due to
Fe precipitation. As a result, rice yield was increased by
1.6-9.27% in comparison to the traditional method, while
moisture keeping irrigation reduced the grain yield by
4.74-24.19%. On neutral alluvial soil, Fe content in rice
stem and leaf at shooting stage ranged from 47.6 to 76.3 ppm
is determined as medium level. Fe-H2O form in
soil at shooting stage of rice is suitable for monitoring
dynamic of this nutritional element for paddy soil. |
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Title: |
Effect of
acetic acid as pre-plant herbicide on maize germination |
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Author (s): |
Hidayat Pujisiswanto,
Prapto
Yudono, Endang
Sulistyaningsih and
Bambang
H. Sunarminto |
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Abstract: |
The
competition between weed and maize happened right after the
early of growth, so that weed control could be done from the
beginning through the application of pre-plant herbicide.
Limited data shown that vinegar (acetic acid) may have
potential as a natural herbicide. Therefore
the study was
conducted to
determine the
effect of
acetic
acid
a
pre-planting
herbicide to
the
germination, early
seedling growth and
toxicity effect on
maize. Pots
experiment was
conducted from
July to
August 2012.
The Factorial
Completely Randomized Design
(CRD)
was employed with
4
replications.
The first
factor was
the concentration of
acetic acid,
i.e., control
(untreatment) 0%,
10%
acetic
acid,
and
20%
acetic
acid;
the second
factor
was the timing
of
application,
i.e., 4, 8 and
12 days
before sowing.
The results showed that acetic acid treatment did not
significantly inhibit maize germination, nor inhibit
root growth. However,
of the
concentration at
10%
and 20%
inhibited the
growth of
shoot
at the same
level of inhibition. Pre-planting
treatment generally
does not
inhibit the growth of
shoot. The phytotoxicity
effect to maize was categorized as mild, i.e., 9, 938 - 14,
635 % which as compared with untreated will still allow the
seedlings to grow normally. |
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Title: |
Identification of slow-blasting rice genotypes through
multivariate analysis of disease progress curves |
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Author (s): |
N.K. Mohapatra, A.K. Mukherjee
and P. Nayak |
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Abstract: |
Forty two rice genotypes were tested in
uniform blast nursery for a period of nine seasons, against
blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea. The
highly susceptible check Karuna was used as the spreader
row. Conducive atmosphere created by closer spacing,
application of high nitrogen fertilizer and maintenance of
high humidity through running of overhead sprinklers,
resulted in 100% disease pressure in the spreader row as
well as some of the susceptible test genotypes. The basic
epidemiological data on per cent disease severity scores,
recorded at every alternate day intervals were subjected to
multivariate analysis. Cluster analysis classified the rice
genotypes into clusters of slow-blasting and fast-blasting
groups. Super-imposition of clustering pattern on to the
planes of the ordination Figures on the first two principal
components (PC-1 and PC-2) clearly revealed the geometrical
positioning of the slow-blasting genotype-clusters nearer to
the intersection between the two ordinates and the
fast-blasting genotype-clusters away from it along PC-1
axis. Thirty two stable slow-blasting genotypes were
recognized by compilation of these data over a period of
nine seasons. Application of the method of multivariate
analysis to the basic epidemiological data on disease
progress curve, facilitated in easy and quick identification
of rice genotypes possessing slow-blasting resistance
through clustering and ordination techniques. |
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Title: |
Inventory
of major insects of Jatropha curcas L. (euphorbiaceae)
and their natural enemies in southern benin |
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Author (s): |
B. D.
Datinon, A. I. Glitho, M. Tamò, K. Amevoin, G. Goergen, and
O. K. Douro Kpindou |
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Abstract: |
Inventory of insects associated with
Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) was conducted from
June 2011 to May 2012 at 5 sites in southern and central
Benin. Thirty-two major insect pests and 14 natural enemies,
including 6 parasitoids and 8 predators, were recorded. The
most important phytophagous species were Stomphastis
thraustica (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae),
Aulacophora africana
Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae),
Altica
sp (Coleoptera: Apionidae),
Lagria villosa
(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Lagriidae),
Paracoccus marginatus
Williams and Gramara de Willink (Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae),
Denticera
nr
divisella (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),
Nezara viridula
(Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae),
Calidea dregei
Germar (Heteroptera: Scutellaridae), and Riptortus
dentipes Fabricius (Hemiptera: Alydidae).
Almost all recovered parasitoids were
obtained from caterpillars of D. nr divisella;
a pest moth causes significant damage to flowers and young
capsules of J. curcas. Within this guild the
ichneumonid wasp Syzeutus nr hessei Benoit
proved to be the most effective parasitoid against D.
nr divisella in all 5 sites, with parasitism rate
averaging 63%. |
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Title: |
Environmental impact assessment of milk production with the
life cycle |
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Author (s): |
Prayong
Keeratiurai |
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Abstract: |
The carbon emission of
dairy cows and dairy farm co-operatives during milk
production was studied to assess the environmental impact of
milk production with life cycle in Nakhon Ratchasima
province, Thailand. The sampling numbers were 309 dairy
farms, 9 dairy farm co-operatives, and 400 dairy cows. The
study showed that the kilogram carbon dioxide emission
factor per head per day from dairy cows and the energy
sectors of farm activities was 9.812 kg.CO2/head/day
and the energy sectors of dairy farm co-operative activities
in milk production was 2.017 kg.CO2/head/day. It
was also found that the efficiency of dairy cows that
transfer carbon from the first producers and fixed to milk
was 10.33% and the ratio of C emission factor was changed
from the first producers and energy sectors of dairy
production by 0.427. The ratio of carbon contents that were
emitted to carbon contents fixed in milk and the growth of
dairy cows was 0.757. The dairy wastewater treatment was
undertaken with the using of anaerobic fixed film reactor
with HRT 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 day on a laboratory scale.
The removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5, TKN, and
TP of anaerobic fixed film reactor were 79.15%, 93.55%,
74.00%, and 81.50%, respectively. The total COD and BOD5
removal efficiency decreased slightly with an increasing in
organic loading rate (OLR). Most organic compounds
containing carbon is the main component to be easily
digested by microorganisms.
There was a significant organic removal efficiency of the
fixed film system tested in terms of BOD5 and COD
(p < 0.05). The major
contents of nitrogen constituents in dairy wastewater were
organic-nitrogen with 97.5±2.1% and the remaining was
nitrate-nitrogen. The ammonia-nitrogen could be monitored at
the effluent with the percentage was 67±16%.
The contents of dairy
wastewater consist of ortho-phosphate and organic-phosphorus
with the ranges of 59-69% and 31-41%, respectively.
Regarding to the treated wastewater, the minor content was
organic-phosphorus. The maximum biogas production rate was
(3.396 ± 3.19)
´10-3
m3/day at 2.07 kg. COD/m3/day. In case
of biogas composition, the methane was found in the
percentage was 70±10%. The 341 L of methane was generated
from 1 kg. COD used.
As indicated above, the
anaerobic fixed film reactor could be
used as the pretreatment unit for dairy wastewater including
the biogas production. |
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