ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science       ISSN 1990-6145
   
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ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science         November 2009 | Vol. 4  No. 6
   
Title:

Submerged liquid fermentation of some Tanzanian basidiomycetes for the production of mycelial biomass, exopolysaccharides and mycelium protein using wastes peels media
 

Author (s):

Anthony Manoni Mshandete and Jehova R. Mgonja
 

Abstract:

Mycelia from five species of higher fungi of genera Ganoderma, Pleurotus and Laetiporus were used in this study. These were cultured for the investigation of higher exopolysaccharides and mycelia biomass production. Mycelial growths of all species were measured on six different non-defined complex media prepared from waste peels and cattail rhizome; Yam dextrose agar (YADA), cassava dextrose agar (CADA), potato malt extract peptone dextrose agar (PMPDA), sweet potato dextrose agar (SPDA), plantain dextrose agar (PLDA) and cattail rhizome dextrose agar (CATDA). The average mycelial growth rate on the aforementioned solid media ranged between 10 ± 2.6 and 14 ±1.7 mm/day with the highest growth rate obtained from YADA followed by PMPDA while the lowest was recorded from PLDA. The best media based on mycelial growth were selected for further investigation. Therefore, the effect of YAD and PMPD complex media on the submerged mycelia growth and exopolysaccharides, mycelium protein production in five mushrooms was investigated in shake-flask culture at an ambient temperature 30oC±2. The maximum mycelial growth (14g/l) and exopolysaccharides production (540mg/l) were achieved in YAD medium by Pleurotus spp and Pleurotus HK-37, respectively. The crude protein content of mushroom mycelium in YAD medium varied among the mushroom species. The Pleurotus spp mycelium contained 55% crude protein, which was the highest followed by 41% obtained from Pleurotus HK-37 mycelium. The genus Pleurotus amongst the other mushroom genera investigated, should be considered for reasonable production of mycelial biomass, exopolysaccharides and mycelium protein using YAD medium in submerged fermentation. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study provides useful information for further investigation of higher fungi in submerged culture using waste peels complex media.
 

 
 
 
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Title:

Kinetics of water sorption by egusi melon (Cucumeropsis edulis) seeds

Author (s):

A. Addo and A. Bart-Plange

Abstract:

The kinetics of water absorption by egusi melon seeds was studied by the gravimetric method during soaking for a temperature range of 30-70°C to determine its moisture diffusivity. The water diffusion coefficient of the grain was in the range 5.18x10-8 to 20.99x10-8 m2/s. An Arrhenius-type equation described the strong temperature effect on the diffusion coefficient with activation energy of 28.38 kJ/mol. It was shown that a satisfactory prediction of water absorption during soaking of the egusi was possible by fitting experimental data to Becker’s model.

 
 
 
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Title:

Biowaste materials as sorbents to remove chromium(vi) from aqueous environment- A comparative study

Author (s):

V. Vinodhini and Nilanjana Das

Abstract:

The adsorption of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated on Neem sawdust (NS), Mango sawdust (MS), Wheat shell (WS), Sugarcane bagasse (SB) and Orange peel (OP). The adsorbent which showed highest chromium(VI) removal was neem sawdust. The influence of pH, contact time, biomass dosage and initial metal concentration on biosorption was investigated. The biosorptive capacities of the biosorbents were dependent on the pH of the chromium solution, with pH 2 being optimal. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacities were found to be 58.82, 37.73, 28.08, 23.8 and 23.3 mg/g for NS, MS, WH, SB and OP, respectively.

 
 
 
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Title:

Qualitative analysis of serum proteins in benign prostatic hyperplasia separated by SDS-PAGE

Author (s):

Saima Naz, Sarah Ahmad and Farkhanda Ghafoor

Abstract:

This study was conducted for qualitative analysis of serum proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and stained by Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 in order to describe the preliminary identification of serum proteins that may act as diagnostic marker in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Serum samples of 23 biopsy confirmed cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal controls of similar age group were subjected to SDS-PAGE on a 12% resolving gel, followed by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. Protein fractions were analyzed using computer software program “GeneGenius Gel Documentation and Analysis System”. Major protein fractions ranging in molecular weights from 1.45-157 kDa were observed. Raw volumes of most of the protein fractions seem to be increased in majority of benign prostatic hyperplasia cases as compared to normal control. Protein fractions 55-57 kDa were undetected in normal controls under 80 years of age but appeared in 56% of benign prostatic hyperplasia cases. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining of these samples could yield better resolution of protein fraction 55-57 kDa that could serve as marker for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

 
 
 
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Title:

Influence of paddy husk on the ripening of fruit of Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk

Author (s):

A. Ezhilarasi and C. Tamilmani

Abstract:

The present investigation was aimed to study the influence of paddy husk on the ripening of detached fruits of Zizhyphus mauritiana Lamk. The control fruits were kept in the laboratory (Room Temperature), while the experimental fruits were treated with paddy husk. The fruits retained their green colour only for two days, on the third day the fruit colour changed to greenish yellow. While on the fourth day the colour become brownish. Hence, the acceptable storage period of  Zizhyphus mauritiana fruits is only four days and afterwards the fruits became over ripened. All the studies were carried out using the peel and pulp of the fruit tissues individually and the following results were obtained during the process of ripening. The Fruit firmness, Titratable acidity, chlorophyll content, proteins, starch, ascorbic acid and phenols decreased during ripening both in the treated and control fruits. On the other hand, total soluble solids, pH, carotenoids, anthocyanin and sugar increased.

 
 
 
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Title:

A study to reduce salt usage in preservation of skins and hides with alternate use of plant extract

Author (s):

V. Sivabalana and A. Jayanthib

Abstract:

Raw hides and skin are preserved before processed into leather. Salt preservation is the general and age old popular practice. Possibilities of using other methods of preservations have been analyzed in order to reduce the pollution load in the soaking process of leather by many scientist. However in the present study less salt preserving systems based on herbal extract have been investigated and evaluated at ambient temperature of 30-37şC as alterative preservation system. The efficacy of this alternative system was assessed by parameters such as determination of bacterial count, isolation and characterization of microorganism from raw goat skin, antimicrobial activity by using herbal extraction with well diffusion method, percentage weight loss during storage of cured skin, determination of hydrothermal stability of the skin and physical properties of finished leather was conducted. 12 plants were screened for antimicrobial assay among which only 5 plants had antimicrobial activity Weddilia chininsis, Cassia alatta, Clerodentron pholomides, Solanum trilobotum, Calotropis procera. Hence these 5 plants where chosen for direct application on the on skin along with reduced percentage of NaCl.

 
 
 
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Title:

Proline level and amylase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the germination of Plantago ovata forsk (plantaginaceae) seeds

Author (s):

Lúcia F. Braga, Marcilio P. Sousa, Leonardo C. Ferreira, Maria Elena Ap. Delachiave, Ana C. Cataneo and Joăo F. Braga

Abstract:

The species Plantago ovata has great importance for the pharmaceutical industry due to the high mucilage level in its seeds. Thus, the present study aimed to verify proline level and amylase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the germination of seeds subjected to stress, which was induced by using PEG, NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. Fifty seeds were placed into filter paper moistened with 15 mL of such solutions at the potentials 0,-0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa in the presence of light at 25şC. Proline levels decreased during Plantago ovata germination under water and salt stress, whereas the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and amylase was higher under PEG-induced stress, relative to those induced by NaCl and CaCl2.

 
 
 
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Title:

Study on root stimulation of clonal durian rootstock propagation preliminary results

Author (s):

Panca J. Santoso and Fitriana Nasution

Abstract:

Root stimulation technique on clonal durian rootstock propagation was evaluated in an experiment conducted from January 2006 to April 2007 at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, Solok, west Sumatra. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design with 4 replications and 35 plants per treatment unit. Two treatments applied were steam wound techniques: partly steam-sliced, bark-ringed, rounded skin-removed; and root growth regulator. After treatment, the stem was then mounted using media from container surface to 3 cm above the treatment point. Parameters of plant growth and rooting characteristic were collected at 4 month after treatment. Based on the results of observation, it was found that stem wounding technique has significantly effect to percentage of plant life, plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter. Application of root growth regulator was found to have significantly effect to leaf number, have not significantly effect to plant height and stem diameter, and have negatively effect to plant life. All treatments were found to have not significantly effect to all rooting parameters, whilst root oppositely grows below the treatment area. It is, therefore, suggested to narrowing the stimulation area as that in air layering technique to lead hormone accumulation on the treatment area.

 
 
 
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Title:

Genetic variation for yield and yield components in rice

Author (s):

Jamal, Ifftikhar H. Khalil, Abdul Bari, Sajid Khan and Islam Zada

Abstract:

Five exotic rice genotypes along with a local check were evaluated for yield and yield contributing traits under the climatic conditions of Swat.  Minimum days to flowering were taken by rice genotype YUNLEN2 (59.7 days) and were 14 days early in maturity than check. Minimum Flag Leaf Area of 10 cm2 was taken by rice genotype PR26881-JP16-4B-78-5-1 and the maximum for IRI 384 (13.1cm2). Minimum numbers of tillers plant-1 of 10.7 were taken by rice genotype IRI384. The PR26881-JP16-4B-78-5-1 took maximum number of 15.3 tillers plant-1. Minimum plant height of 82.2 was recorded by YUNLEN2 while maximum heights of 124.9 were recorded by J.P.5. Minimum panicle length was recorded by IRI384 i.e. 19.2, while maximum panicle lengths of 24.1 were recorded by J.P.5. Minimum primary branches paninle-1 of 9.3 was recorded by IRI 384, while maximum primary branches panicle-1 of 11.3 were recorded by J.P.5. Minimum number of grain panicle-1 of 10 was recorded by PR26881-JP16-4B-78-5-1, while maximum numbers of grain panicle-1 of 13.1 were recorded by IRI384. Minimum 1000-grain weight was recorded by IRI384, while maximum 1000-grain weights were recorded by ILLABONG. Minimum Grain yield plant-1 was recorded by YUNLEN2, while maximum grain yield plant-1 was recorded by J.P.5.

 
 
 
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Title:

Effect of juvenile hormone mimic r394 on silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) growth and development of silk gland

Author (s):

S. K. Gangwar

Abstract:

The effect of a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic R394 (ethyl 9-cyclohexyl-3, 7-dimethy l-2, 4-nonadienoate) applied topically on the abdominal tergum of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) after the fourth ecdysis has been studied. JH R394 ranging from 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 µl / larva was applied at 48, 72 and 96 hours of V instar larva that was improved the cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio etc. The most effective dose observed 0.01 µl / larva, when applied at 48 and 72 hours after resumption of the last moult. It was observed that the development of the silk gland takes place up to a particular period, after that the larval development increases due to the increase of the feeding period without any significant increase in silk and silk ratio.

 
 
 
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