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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
November 2014 | Vol. 9 No. 11 |
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Title: |
Determining the best time to cultivate different variety of
canola and its effect on the yield and performance yield in
Fasa |
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Author (s): |
Mohammad
Reza Baziar |
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Abstract: |
To clarify the effect of the date of
cultivation on the yield of different variety of canola, a
test was conducted in the test farm of Fasa Azad University
in Aban (November). In which two variety of canola that is
RGS and Hybrid Hyola-401 as one factor and four dates of
cultivation [15Aban (6 November), 30 Aban (21 November),
15Azar (6 December), and 30Azar (21 December)] as another
factor in a factorial experiment and in a randomized
complete block design with three replication on canola were
cultivated. At the end the time of germination, time of
formation of seedling, shooting, flowering, the date of the
appearance of the first flower, the length of stem, the
number of minor branches, the distance between the first pod
and earth, the number of pods in a plant, the number of seed
in each pod, 1000 Kernel (g) and the yield were studied and
analyses. In this test the number of flowers and day degrees
(GDD) was also calculated and it was clear at the end that
considering the measurements of GDD and other factors and
final results it seems that Hyola-401 is better for Fasa.
Because this variety in most factors had a better affect
comparing to RGS. Furthermore too early or too late
cultivation can affect the number of flowers, flower
insemination, its survival, 1000 Kernel (g) and yield. So it
seems considering the climatic conditions in Fasa it is
better to cultivate canola in fall because there is no
danger of hot weather and the weather is more suitable at
this time. |
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Title: |
Effects
of chronic gamma irradiation on shallot chromosomes (Allium
Ascalonicum Linn) |
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Author (s): |
Pechlada
Rochanabanthit and Peeranuch Jompuk |
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Abstract: |
Radiation contamination can occur from
natural radiation or from man-made sources, such as
radiation for medical research or for nuclear weapons
manufacture. Radiation contamination can impact living
things, the eco-system and the food chain, so several
methods have been invented to test the level of radiation
contamination. One of those methods is the Allium test,
which is simple and cost-effective and makes it easy to
clearly detect abnormalities from radiation. The objective
of this study was to observe the effect of different levels
of chronic gamma irradiation on the chromosomes of root tip
cells of the shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) (2n=16)
and on growth of the shallots. Growing shallot bulbs
were exposed to chronic gamma radiation from a Cobalt-60
source at the Nuclear Technology Research Center (NTRC),
Kasetsart University, Thailand. They were placed
2 meters from the source and were
exposed to 0,
10, 20,
30, 40,
50, 60,
70 and 80 Gy at the dose
rate of 0.0078 Gy.min-1.
Following exposure, cells were fixed either
immediately (0 hours) or after a
24-hour recovery period. Root tip
squashes were observed by light microscope,
1,000
cells per specimen, to detect chromosome abnormalities. In
the cells fixed 0 hours after
exposure, chromosome abnormalities were observed in
1.967, 12.01,
0.964, 9.677,
9.417, and
8.923% of the cells of plants exposed to
10, 20,
30, 40,
50 and 60
Gy radiation, respectively, but no abnormalities were
observed in the cells of plants exposed to
70 and 80
Gy. In the cells fixed 24
hours after exposure, chromosome abnormalities were observed
in 4.216, 2.750,
14.955, 15.15
and 6.932% of the cells of
plants exposed to 10,
20, 30,
40, and 50
Gy, respectively but no abnormalities were observed
in the cells of plants exposed to 60,
70 or 80
Gy. That means root tip cells of
the shallot can use for testing the low dose level of
radiation contamination (10-60 Gy). The most commonly
observed chromosome abnormality was micronucleus at
interphase, followed by fragments and bridges. As for the
growth rate following chronic irradiation, the height (leaf
length) was recorded after 7 days
and it was found that there was no significant different in
growth rate among the treatment groups exposed to different
doses of gamma irradiation, but the mean height of all the
irradiated plants (2-5 cm) was
significantly lower than that of the non-irradiated control
plants (13 cm). |
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Title: |
Evaluation of antifungal properties of Ageratum conyzoides, Spilanthes filicaulis and Tithonia
diversifolia
leaf extracts and search for their compounds using gas
chromatography - mass spectrum |
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Author (s): |
Ilondu
E.M, Ojeifo I.M. and Emosairue S.O. |
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Abstract: |
Leaf extracts from Ageratum
conyzoides, Spilanthes filicaulis and Tithonia
diversifolia (Asteraceae) were evaluated for their
antifungal activities against three leafspot fungi such as Cochliobolus lunatus, Fusarium lateritium and
Fusarium solani. In this study, ethanol was used as an
extraction solvent and bioactivity screening was done by
poisoned food technique. All the extract concentrations
ranging from 8 - 120 mg/ml in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)
medium were significantly (P<0.05) toxic to the test fungi in vitro with their inhibition potentials being
concentration and species dependent. The phytochemical
screening of the extracts reveals the presence of alkaloids,
anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and
terpenes in varying degrees. Furthermore, the extracts were
analyzed using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry
(GC-MS). Results indicated a mixture of components ranging
from 10 in T. diversifolia, 14 in S. filicaulis and 18 in A. conyzoides with varied percentage of
abundance in each extract. The main components of T.
diversifolia extracts were Diethyl Phthalate (18.05%),
Octane, 1-chloro- (11.04%), Palmitic acid ethyl ester
(10.67%) and Undecanoic acid 2-methyl-, methyl ester
(10.67%), and those in S. filicaulis were Palmitin,
2-mono- (9.47%), Caryophyllene (8.99%), Palmitic acid ethyl
ester (8.50%) and 1-Pentadecene (8.02%). 2, 4,
6-Tri-tert-butyl phenol (12.14%), 7-t-Butyl-3,3-dimethyl
-1-indanone (9.88%), 1(2H)-Naphthalenone - (1,
1-dimethylethyl) -3,4-dihydro- (9.19%) and
Demethoxyageratochromene (8.60%) were found abundant in
A. conyzoides extracts. These compounds could be
responsible for the toxic activity of the extracts. The
finding of this study therefore unlocks the potentials of
these Asteraceae for bio-pesticide production in Nigeria. |
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Title: |
Preliminary observations on weeds of maize (Zea mays
L) and rice (Oryza sativa L) fields in Bauchi |
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Author (s): |
Gabuin T. G,
Abdul S.D. and F. B. Sawa |
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Abstract: |
A preliminary survey was
carried out on weeds of rice and maize fields in and around
Bauchi from June to August 2000. Seventy sites in 7
different localities namely, Birshi Fulani, Birshi Gandu,
Lukshi, Miri, Wunti Dada, Inkil and Gubi were selected.
Weeds were harvested using 0.25m x 0.25m quadrats and were
later identified using standard texts. In the survey, 55
weed species were identified, 16 (29.09%) belonging to 3
monocotyledonous families and 39 (70.91%) belonging to 16
dicotyledonous families. The families Poaceae and Asteraceae
had the highest number of weed species, 9 and 8
respectively. |
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Title: |
Growth and yield responses of
bell pepper (Capsicum Annuum, Rodo'Variety) to in-row
plant spacing |
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Author (s): |
E. O. Alabi, O. J. Ayodele and
M. Aluko |
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Abstract: |
Hot pepper production based on the package of
recommendations developed for closely-related sweet pepper
has not given the desired growth and yield performances.
Information is required with which to evolve the agronomic
practices that will be adopted to maximize yield in hot
pepper, especially “Atarodo” (Rodo) production. A field
study was carried out on the Teaching and Research Farm,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, to evaluate the responses
of rodo to four in-row plant spacings: 60x40, 60x50, 60x60,
and 60x75 cm during the wet seasons of 2009 and 2010. The
treatment effects were measured on plant growth for 10 weeks
and on ripe fruit yield. Plant height, number of branches,
number of leaves and leaf area.plant-1, leaf,
stem and root dry matter yield, Leaf Area Ratio, Net
Assimilation Rate and Relative Growth Rate increased with
in-row spacing and the highest values were obtained at 60x75
cm spacing. The 60x40 cm spacing gave the highest number and
weight of ripe fruits in both years and should be
recommended for rodo production. |
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Title: |
Paddy
soil salinization process in Tien Hai district, Thai Binh
province under sea level rise impacts |
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Author (s): |
Tran Ngoc
Trang, Nguyen Hoang Long and Nguyen Xuan Hai |
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Abstract: |
Through different pathways, sea level rise
will cause certain impacts on paddy soil salinization
process in Tien Hai district, Thai Binh province. In which,
irrigation water pathway is found to be a major factor
increasing the salinization process there. Mike 11 is
applied to predict the irrigation water salinity of Tien Hai
district due to seawater intrusion in Red river under sea
level rise impacts. From 2060, the irrigation water salinity
will exceed 0.75ppt - the safety level for soil salinization
risk. Proceeding with the salinity, it is the application of
Saltmod for the paddy soil salinity trend prediction under
sea level rise impacts through the irrigation pathway. The
general salinity trend is predicted to increase from 2007 to
2100. In particular, the salinity of root zone and
transition zone increases from 0.33% (2007) to 0.56% (2100)
and from 0.36% (2007) to 0.84% (2100), respectively, while
the aquifer salinity is nearly stable at 0.35%. Finally, the
research shows that it is possible to apply Mike and Saltmod
for the prediction of the soil salinization process of
agricultural land in estuary areas under the sea level rise
impacts of climate change in Vietnam. |
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Title: |
Comparison on allowable use of artemisia sieberi
in semi-steppe and arid rangelands of Iran |
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Author (s): |
Farhang
Ghasriani, Ehsan Zandi Esfahan, Ali Mohebby, Mohammad
Abolghasemi and Ghasem Ali Abarsaji |
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Abstract: |
Current
research was conducted in the selected sites of arid and
semi-steppe vegetative regions including Tabas (Yazd) and
Til-Abad (Gholestan), respectively. Artemisia sieberi
is a key and palatable species, having a considerable
portion in rangelands production. For this purpose, 40
similar bases of Artemisia sieberi were selected in each site. Selected bases were
exposed to different harvesting intensities of 25, 50 and
75%, and 0% as control group. Data were analyzed by SPSS and
MSTATC, and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used for mean
comparisons. According to the results, a significant
difference (P<0.01) was found for the production among
different years of study in semi-steppe vegetative region.
Our results showed that harvesting intensities of 25% and
50% could be recommended as the best allowable use of
Artemisia sieberi in semi-steppe
and arid vegetative regions, respectively. |
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