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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science November 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 11 |
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Title: |
Effects of
exposure to magnetic field on water properties and
hatchability of artemia salina |
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Author (s): |
S. M. Hassan and Ridzwan Abdul
Rahman |
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Abstract: |
The application of magnetised
water in aquaculture is still in its infancy. This study is
a step towards gaining a better understanding of the effect
of magnetism on water properties and on the biology of
culture organisms, such as the brine shrimp, A. salina. The
present study evaluates the effects of magnetic field
exposure on water properties which in turn affect the
hatchability of A. salina. Water was passed through three
magnetic devices of different intensities, i.e. 0.1, 0.15
and 0.2 Tesla, respectively, once at every 5 hour interval.
The dissolved oxygen (mg/L) was found to increase (from 3.84
mg/L to 4.51 mg/L). pH also increased from 7.11 to 7.42
which is favourable for A. salina. The ammonium (NH4-N mg/L)
and ammonia (NH3-N mg/L) levels decreased from 0.43 mg/L to
0.28 mg/L and from 0.36 mg/L to 0.19 mg/L respectively.
Salinity (ppt), specific conductance (µS/cm) and total
dissolved solids (mg/L) were also found to have increased
significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after magnetization. Overall, the
exposure of water to a magnetic field was found to have
increased the hatchability rate of A. salina significantly
(P ≤ 0.05). A much better increase of 39.61% (41.67 to
69.00) in A. salina hatchability rate (H%) was attained in
water exposed to a magnetic field of 0.15 Tesla for four
times. This has positive implications for aquaculture
because a higher rate of A. salina hatchability means that
the brine shrimp can be produced more economically and a
good sign for application of magnetic water for other
aquaculture procedures such as induced spawning,
fertilization, larval rearing and fish grow-out in
recirculating aquaculture system. |
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Title: |
An
economic analysis of off-season capsicum/bell pepper
production in Punjab, Pakistan |
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Author (s): |
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and
Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan |
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Abstract: |
Off-season vegetable
production can achieve recommended vegetable consumption
with high profit. This study calculated the per acre costs,
returns and determinants of revenue in off-season
capsicum/bell pepper production. Primary data from 70
farmers were collected with stratified random sampling.
Production cost was more for medium farmers (Rs. 647,858.04)
followed by small (Rs. 646,990.34) and large (Rs.
621,692.93) farmers. Medium farmers had more production
(56976.53 kg) while small farmers earned more revenue (Rs.
1,392,869.57) and price (Rs. 25.88 kg-1). BCR shows that a
small farmer earns Rs. 2.16 by investing rupee one than
medium (Rs. 2.13) and large (Rs. 2.00) farmers. Age,
education, experience, polythene sheet cost and pesticide
cost had a positive and significant impact on revenue. R2
(0.852) and f-value (38.271) showed goodness of the model.
High investment, price fluctuation, disease attack and lack
of extension services were main problems. Government should
take steps to eliminate these problems. |
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Title: |
Determining the presence of the fig mosaic virus (FMV) in
three varieties of Ficus carica L. in Costa Rica |
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Author (s): |
Luis Alvarado-Marchena Randall
Chacsn-Cerdas, Alexander Schmidt-Duran, Carlos Alvarado-Ulloa
and Dora Flores-Mora |
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Abstract: |
Fig is a fruit tree with
medicinal and nutritional properties. In Costa Rica, the
production of this crop has been promoted in order to
stimulate the agricultural diversification. However,
conscious of the international problematic caused by the
presence of the fig mosaic virus (FMV) assays have been
performed to the variety Brown Turkey, present in Costa
Rica, which presented negative results for pathogenicity.
Consequently, it was considered necessary to establish
standardized protocols which allow the microscopic and
molecular diagnostics of other figs varieties in the
country. In this context, the present research evaluates the
efficiency of using diagnostic tools including diagnosis
through symptoms, Transmission Electron Microscopy and using
molecular assays through PCR with previous retro
transcription (RT-PCR) which detected a 302 bp fragment of
the FMV RNA in two varieties of fig, corresponding to "Brogiotto
Bianco" and "Negro San Juan", using the cultivar Brown
Turkey as a negative control for the pathogeni city. Through
these assays it was possible to determine the differences
from a cytological and molecular level in the varieties when
compared to the control; evidencing the characteristic
symptoms of the studied virus and the amplification of the
viral fragment, and hence, indicating that these positive
material require a viral removal process before being
introduced in the country. |
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Title: |
Trace
elements in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) and their
distribution in different plant parts |
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Author (s): |
Y. Savsatli, A. Ozcan, M. I.
Catal, F. Seyis, M. Akbulut and E. Akyuz Turumtay |
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Abstract: |
This study was conducted to
determine some trace metals quantities in the different
plant parts of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) grown
in Pazar district of Rize Province in the Black Sea Region
of Turkey. The experiment was established in the trial field
belonging to the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science
in Recep Tayyip Erdogan University. The plants were uprooted
on 9th of August in 2015, separated in their stem, root,
branch, unripe fruit flesh, ripe fruit flesh, leaf and seed
parts, and analyzed by ICP-OES to determine the level of Cd,
Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Cr and Mn. Concentrations of Al, Fe,
Mn and Zn were found higher than other elements in all of
the plant parts. The roots had the highest concentration
values of all trace elements examined except Zn and Mn
compaired to the other parts of the plant. Mn was found
highest in leaves and branches. In consideration of 100 g
fresh weight for each part of plant, the highest total trace
element amount was determined in roots of bitter melon
followed by seeds, leaves, branches, stems, unripe fruits
(flesh) and ripe fruits (flesh) respectively. The levels of
trace elements investigated in all parts of the bitter melon
were below the maximum permissible limits except roots
contained the high levels of Fe and Al concentration. |
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Title: |
Study
effect of replacement walnut with peanuton processed olive
quality |
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Author (s): |
Maryam Rajabian and Ali
Mohamadi Sani |
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Abstract: |
Since the use of walnut in the
formulation of industrial processed Olive cause some quality
issues with the product, the aim of this study was to
evaluate the effect of replacing peanut on qualitative
characteristics of the product. For this purpose, peanut
ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) instead of walnuts were used and
its impact on the physicochemical properties of samples
(smell, taste, consistency, oiling off and peroxide value)
during three months was assessed. In the next step, the
effect of different percentages of pomegranate paste on
sensory evaluation of the product was done. The measurements
were done in triplicate. Data were analysed using SPSS
statistical software. The results showed that sample
containing 30% of walnuts was the best in term of sensory
properties. with increasing peroxide value and leaving oil
during the time, sensory properties of the product contains
30% of walnuts changed and it was significantly different
from the product contains 30% of peanuts. |
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