Structural behaviour of seismically retrofitted RC beam-column joints: A critical literature review
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Author |
D. Vineela, Y. Himath Kumar and N. lingeshwaran
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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354-363
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Volume No. |
21
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Issue No. |
6
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Issue Date |
May 20, 2026
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/032644
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Keywords |
seismic retrofitting, beam-column joints, fiber reinforced polymer wrapping, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, glass fiber reinforced polymer, steel jacketing, hybrid retrofitting.
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Abstract
Existing reinforced concrete beam-column joints of the pre-1970s remain very vulnerable to seismic damage because of inadequate reinforcement detailing, poor anchorage in joints, and insufficient confinement. This review paper evaluates a systematic review of three primary retrofitting techniques (i.e., Fiber-Reinforced Polymer wrapping, steel jacketing, and hybrid FRP-steel) based on an analysis of recent experimental and numerical studies of exterior beam-column joints. The results mainly explain the need for technique selection that balances strength gains, ductility, corrosion resistance, and material efficiency. Targeted X-shaped FRP strips gained 40% strength enhancement while using 30% less area than full wraps. Steel jacketing with 70mm batten spacing achieves a 67.1% enhancement in axial load capacity. The FRP-reinforced RC walls are strengthened by 48.9%, and hybrid-GFRP–steel bracing systems show an increment of 8% at maximum based shear resistance with improved ductility.
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