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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences
January 2014 | Vol. 9 No. 1 |
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Title: |
Review of
error detection of data link layer in computer network |
Author (s): |
Afiqah
Azahari, Raed Alsaqour, Mueen Uddin and Mohammed Al-Hubaishi |
Abstract: |
Error control describes how the network handles
and detects errors especially in the data link layer. In this
paper, we present on an overview of error control regarding
error detection and error correction. Error control happens in
data link layer. We mainly discuss the type of error detection
mechanisms that is used to detect the errors and how the
errors will be corrected so the receiver can extract the real
data. At the end of this paper, the conclusion and the future
work are presented. |
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Title: |
Evaluation of
equilibrium moisture content in ligno-cellulosic residues of
olive culture |
Author (s): |
Antonio
Messineo, Giuseppina Ciulla, Simona Messineo, Maurizio Volpe and
Roberto Volpe |
Abstract: |
The use of ligno-cellulosic
residuals from agriculture as means for renewable energy
production is well known; nonetheless significant problems
still exist on development of bioenergy value chains. Moisture
content and hygroscopicity are among these problems. Higher
moisture content of the biomass means lower calorific value
and higher perishability, hence storage difficulties. For this
reason it is important to evaluate how the moisture content of
the material varies while it is stored and how the calorific
value of the feedstock is affected by it. The purpose of this
study is to determine the variation of moisture content and
its influence on lower calorific value (LCV) of four types of
solid residual biomass: oven dried chipped olive tree
trimmings, milled olive pomace; oven dried olive tree
trimmings and fresh olive tree trimmings. Moisture content of
the samples is calculated by means of thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) according to standard CEN/TS 14774-2:2004,
while the LCVs are calculated by means of a calorimeter,
following standard UNI EN 14918:2010. All the biomass samples
were left to reach equilibrium moisture content (EMC) in a
temperature and humidity controlled environment. Two different
phases were analyzed with respect to moisture uptake rates: 1)
fast moisture uptake rate phase (first four hours of exposure)
and 2) slow moisture uptake rate, (the days following the
first four hours of exposure). Samples experiencing fast
moisture uptake rate, during the first four hours of exposure,
were kept in a monitored ambient at T=22 ± 1 °C and RH=59 ±
2%, while samples exposed to slow moisture uptake rate were
kept in a climatic chamber at three different set of
temperature and humidity controlled environment simulating the
climatic conditions in different periods of the year in Enna
province: 10°C - 80% RH (winter), 15°C - 70% RH
(spring/autumn) and 20°C - 55% RH, (summer). The results
obtained show that the olive pruning chips (0.425 mm to 1.00
mm and 1.00 mm to 2.00 mm particle size ranges) stored in a
heap in a controlled climatic chamber require approximately
20 days to reach EMC. Depending on the particle size range
EMCs reach the values of 6.2 and 7.5% by weight in the
"summer" condition, 14.3% and 16.9% in "spring/autumn"
condition, 24.1% and 28.2% in "winter" condition. Moisture is
absorbed gradually over time and results show that in the
first four hours, the dry sample exposed to ambient condition
(T=22 ± 1 °C and RH=59 ± 2%) reach a moisture content between
0.75 and 0.96% of its weight; the LCV at equilibrium is
evaluated between 18, 576 J•odg-1 and 18, 793 J•odg-1, the
higher value related to the bigger particle size range
examined. Pomace heap under the same experimental set up and
time period, reaches an equilibrium moisture content of 8.5%
and 9.7% (summer conditions), 19.2% and 22.0% (spring/autumn
condition) and between 30.9% and 34.1% (winter condition).
Olive pomace accumulates moisture relatively faster than olive
trimmings as dry sample recovers about 1.61% to 1.97% of
moisture in the first four hours of exposure. The LCV at
equilibrium is determined between 20, 145 J•odg-1 and 20, 436
J•odg-1. Pruning dried samples reach an EMC equal to 6.1% in
approximately 25 days, with a LCV equal to18, 921 J•odg-1 ±
1.9%. Heaps of fresh prunings reach an EMC of 8.2% in
approximately 20 days; LCV of the feedstock is 19, 356
J•odg-1± 1.6%. |
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Title: |
The
performance of two antenna design shapes in ultra-wideband
wireless applications |
Author (s): |
Rashid A.
Fayadh, Fareq Malek, Hilal A. Fadhil, and Jaafar A. Aldhaibani |
Abstract: |
The extensive requirements for small Ultra
wideband (UWB) communication systems lead to design active and
small size antennas. In this research two rectangular
microstrip antennas were designed to cover the UWB operating
frequency of 7.5 GHz starting from 3.1 GHz up to 10.6 GHz. The
simulation and prototype designs are presented in this paper
using CST microwave studio software tools and printed circuit
board, respectively. The designs satisfy the requirements of
UWB technology and according to the geometrical shape, one is
called prong-shape patch antenna and the other is rake-shape
patch antenna. The simulated results for return loss (S11) and
radiation pattern have been demonstrated that the antenna
designs are suitable for UWB communication systems. The
measured results for same parameters were concluded by network
analyzer and anechoic chamber to reinforce the performance of
these antennas in wireless UWB applications. After confirming
the performance of these designs, the comparison was done
between the two to see the advantages in use. |
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Title: |
Porosity
estimation of carbonate rocks with multispec processing
technique |
Author (s): |
N. D.
Nurgalieva and N.G. Nurgalieva |
Abstract: |
Porosity is known as one of the
main properties of reservoir rocks. The exact value of this
parameter is difficult to measure. In present paper it is
proposed using MultiSpec processing technique as
cost-effective alternative method for estimating 2D-porosity
from thin sections images of carbonate rocks on base of core
samples picked out from carbonate reservoir rocks of
Tournasian age in well, situated on southern slope of South-Tatarian
Arch (Volga-Ural region, Russia). |
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Title: |
Viscoelastic
surfactants application in hydraulic fracturing, it’s set back
and mitigation - an overview |
Author (s): |
Aliu
Abdulmumin Omeiza and Ariffin Bin Samsuri |
Abstract: |
Fracturing fluid is an essential
component of hydraulic fracturing stimulation. The oil and gas
industry has experienced transformation in fluid technology
for hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing fluid should have the
reasonable viscosity that can suspend and transport proppants
into the fracture. It should also be able to keep the fracture
open throughout the life of the well. Sometimes ago polymers
were used for this purpose as it’s able to withstand high
temperature under well condition. However due to formation of
filtercake caused by the polymer based fluids, there are
formation and conductivity damages done to the formation,
therefore its application in fracking a bit limited.
Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) were then applied in fracturing
operation as they exhibit viscous and elastic behaviour in
brine (increased viscosity) by entanglement of the VES
micelles. But the problem with this fluid is that, its
viscosity is drastically reduced at high temperature.
Additions of inorganic or organic nanoparticles have been
found to help in stabilizing the viscosity of this VES fluid
at very harsh condition of high temperature and pressure.
Internal breakers are also added to the VES fluid to help
break the fluid into low viscosity fluid after fracturing has
been done so as to enhance easy flowback (cleanup) of the VES
to the surface. This paper however highlights the process of
VES fluid application in hydraulic fracturing stimulation, its
set back and mitigation approach adopted in the industry using
nanoparticles to stabilize its viscosity at high temperature. |
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Title: |
Aircraft
diesel engines controlled by fuzzy logic |
Author (s): |
Luca Piancastelli, Leonardo
Frizziero and Eugenio Pezzuti |
Abstract: |
Normally in diesel and gasoline
engines, common rail systems are employed. The key factors for
correct engine power management are pressure, precision and
velocity. Digital computers and PID control systems
characterize current systems. Recovery strategies are used
when anomalies occur and engine performance is significantly
reduced. So, restoring normal conditions needs technical
assistance. For safety reasons this approach cannot be used in
aeronautical, naval and energy-supply applications. In some
cases it is necessary to utilize all the possible energy from
the power unit causing significant life-reduction of the
engine. In this case a progressive reduction strategy should
be used and injection law should be reduced accordingly. For
this purpose injection control based on fuzzy logic is more
effective. In this case, traditional PID control systems are
substituted by fuzzy logic control. A reference map is
introduced in the Full Authority Digital Electronic Control;
this map is interpreted by the fuzzy logic control system that
adapts the injection law to the current engine situation. This
method has been experimented on a common-rail test bed and
results are compared with traditional “binary recovery
strategy” FADEC. |
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Title: |
Reviews on
avalanche photodiode for optical communication technology |
Author (s): |
Mohd Azlishah
Othman, Siti Nabilah Taib, Mohd Nor Husain and Zul Atfyi Fauzan
Mohammed Napiah |
Abstract: |
This paper presents a review of avalanche
photodiode in optical communication technology. Avalanche
photodiode is one of photodiodes can be operated in high
electric field in order to achieve high bit rate optical fiber
communication systems. In long distance optical communication,
the avalanche photodiode (APDs) is frequently the photo
detector of choice owing to its internal gain, which provides
a sensitivity margin relative to PIN photodiode. Previously,
studies and research has improved the performance of APDs in
optical communication systems, the research include
development and improvement in terms of materials used in
device structures of avalanche photodiodes. A review of
Avalanche photodiode and the principle of avalanche photodiode
work, as semiconductor will be discussed. This reverse bias
device also used guard ring as is to remove the high electric
fields and to drain the surface currents due to high reverse
bias voltage. It also showed the mode of operation used in
avalanche photodiode and potential materials that can be used
optimum in looking for best avalanche photodiode. In last
section, this paper reviews about future works in the research
of avalanche photodiode. |
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Title: |
Strength
investigation of sliding door frame of busway by using three
element rosette strain gage |
Author (s): |
Tono
Sukarnoto, Supriyadi, Sigit Subiantoro and Soeharsono |
Abstract: |
City bus, namely busway was being popular in
Jakarta. In several busway fleets, there are sliding doors
that have large dimension that can inhibit the mobility of
passenger. However, a new model of this door has been
redesigned. The dimension of new design was the same as the
dimension of the existing system i.e., 1800 mm height x 900 mm
width but using square pipe 50 x 25 mm instead of using 60 x
30 mm square pipe as door frame. The strength of the new model
was tested using Finite Element Method and showed that new
door was strong enough to withstand the load. However, the
strength should be investigated further experimentally. In
this research, the experimental investigation of the strength
of new sliding doors model were discusses. The model of the
door was made from structural steel with minimal yield
strength 175 MPa. The model was placed horizontally and
supported in each corner of the door. A mass of 50 kg were
loaded in the middle of the door. Three elements rosette
strain gage were used as transducer and located in the
critical point of the door. The strains were recorded using
precision data Logger and von Misses stress was calculated.
The result showed that the new design was strong enough to
withstand the load. |
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Title: |
Time-stress
equivalence applied to nonlinear creep of bibolo: dibetou (lovoa
trichilioides) |
Author (s): |
Talla P. K., Alabeweh F. S., Fogue
M., and Foadieng E. |
Abstract: |
Bibolo (Lova trichilioides) wood is market
locally under a commercial name of Dibetou and in what follows
it shall be referred to as bibolo. Stress induced changes in
intrinsic timescale were investigated by nonlinear short
period (3 h) creep tests on bibolo at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure, for streses ranging from 9.19 MPa to
27.56 Mpa. The creep strain and creep compliance curves versus
time at four different stress levels were determined. The
resultant creep compliance curves depart from each other,
indicating nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour. The creep strain
curves were shifted along the logarithmic time axis to get a
master creep curve at a given reference stress level according
to the principle of time-stress superposition. It is shown
that the time-stress superposition principle provides an
accelerated test method for evaluating the long-term
mechanical performance this wood. |
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Title: |
Numerical
assessment of material mismatch effect over mode I crack tip
zones in glare |
Author (s): |
Sunil Bhat and
S. Narayanan |
Abstract: |
The nature and the size of Mode
I crack tip zones developing in cracked fibre metal laminate,
Glare, (Aerospace aluminum alloy layers + fibre and resin
based prepregs) when subjected to far field load differ from
those in similarly loaded cracked plain aerospace aluminum
alloy specimen due to amplification or reduction in crack tip
stress field of the laminate that is caused by load transfer
effect due to property mismatch between un-identical materials
in the laminate. This difference is assessed by finite element
method in the paper. Glare laminates with two types of Mode I
crack orientations are investigated - Type I in which
the Mode I crack in outer aluminum layer is normal and near to
the prepregs and Type II in which the Mode I cracks run
across the aluminum layers in presence of delaminations at
aluminum-fibre interfaces. Two different laminate curing
temperatures of 90 deg. C and 120 deg. C are separately
considered in the analysis to estimate the influence of
residual stress over crack tip characteristics. Monotonic
tensile stress of 150 MPa is applied over the laminates.
Identically, cracked and stressed, plain aerospace aluminum
alloy specimens are also modeled for the purpose of
comparison. The intensity of stress fields near Mode I crack
tips in the laminates is observed to be different than that
near crack tips in plain aluminum specimens - amplified in
Type I and diminished in Type II laminates.
Consequently, the size and the shape of crack tip zones in
laminates vary from those in plain aluminum specimens. Values
of J integrals near crack tips are also found to be
more and less than the induced J values in Type I
and Type II laminates respectively that support the
amplification and shielding effects at the crack tips in the
laminates. |
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Title: |
Use of HFC
fluids as suitable replacements in low-temperature refrigeration
plants |
Author (s): |
Antonino La
Rocca, Vincenzo La Rocca, Antonio Messineo and
Domenico Panno |
Abstract: |
An experimental investigation of the
performance of a low-temperature refrigerating unit working
with R22 and a comparison of its performance when operating
with replacement HFC fluids in accordance with the European
Regulation CE-1005/2009 are presented in this paper. Plant
working efficiency was tested with R22, as baseline, and then
compared with four different HFC fluids: R413A, R417A, R422A
and R422D. The refrigerating unit was a vapour-compression
plant equipped with a reciprocating double-cylinder compressor
able to keep the cold room at -20ºC. Lower values of the
temperature at the end of compression and polytrophic exponent
can be achieved with the HFC tested. Substituting the R22 led
to refrigerating plant to underperform. The COP was lower for
all the replacement fluids showing inferior energy efficiency
and higher energy consumption. The TEWI parameter was also
evaluated and compared for all the fluids tested in the
present investigation, suggesting TEWI increments substituting
the original fluid. |
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Title: |
Multi-dimensional feasibility analysis of small hydropower
project in India: A case study |
Author (s): |
Priyabrata
Adhikary, Pankaj Kr Roy and Asis Mazumdar |
Abstract: |
The assessment of Small Hydro
Power (SHP) sites for project planning and development
represents a relatively high proportion of overall cost. A
high level of experience and expertise is required to
accurately conduct this multi-dimensional assessment at both
pre-feasibility and feasibility analysis stage. A variety of
multi-criteria decision analysis or making (MCDA or MCDM)
methods as well as computer-based feasibility assessment tools
have been developed for the same. However, a reliable
assessment implies physical site surveying and planning at
pre-feasibility stage itself. The advent of Geographic
Information System (GIS) along with these feasibility analysis
software tools has been of enormous use for the feasibility
analysis of SHP project at minimum time-cost-effort for making
further decision. To the best of the author’s knowledge this
software tool based novel approach for Indian small hydropower
project feasibility analysis is absent in renewable energy
literatures due to its assessment complexity. |
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