The late need for a fast processor with high performance forced by the modern highly demanding applications has motivated designers to look for efficient solutions. Highly demanding applications such as networking, image processing, communications and multimedia use Multi Processor System on Chip (MPSoC) as a promising solution. MPSoC provides those applications with high functionality achieving Real-Time deadlines and defeating other vital constraints like the consumed power and the limitations of area. In the MPSoC field, the recently reconfigurable multiprocessor which is often FPGA based multiprocessor, is a modern and growingly significant trend. Reconfigurable multiprocessor brings the vantages of rapidly facilitating prototype and permitting study into more efficient architectures and communications techniques. These multiprocessors also exclude the drawbacks of MPSoC ASIC production. So far the production of MPSoC made major enhancements to fulfill the unique requirements of embedded applications. During this long journey there were many architecture styles, communication and data transferring strategies in building those systems. Also there were many methods to distribute the work among the connected processors to achieve the best load balance. Load balance has always been of great concern because of its strong influence on the performance of the end design. Generally, load balance has the ability to lessen the effect of wasted resources that exists with the occurrence of idle processors. This paper covers two parts, first everything about MPSoC environment pointing the benefits brought by the implementation of reconfigurable computing and the leading part of FPGAs in this matter. The configuration and architecture of MPSoC is covered as well, with comparisons of different utilized styles to point out the strength and weakness in each of them. The second part discusses all strategies and algorithms used in load balancing to achieve the best improved performance.

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The object of study is transmissions of all-terrain vehicles (6x4, 8x8). The purpose of the research is the creation of multi-robotic mechanical transmissions for all-terrain vehicles. The work describes the main technical characteristics of the vehicles, as well as units that are subject to automated control: friction clutch, gearbox and distributor box with electro-pneumatic drives. It represents the basic requirements for robotic units and units with automatic control. The work represents laws for gear-shifting of manual transmissions vehicles and enlarged algorithms of gear -shifting when operating in difficult environmental conditions on the support surface with a high-coefficient of resistance to movement. We‘ve determined forces of the resistance to movement, and the maximum values of decreasing the vehicle speed while shifting gears. We have studied the principle schemes of the robotized manual transmission control. The paper represents mathematical expressions, on the basis of which the basic parameters of the experimental samples of executive mechanisms for transmission units control are determined. It represents the stand for laboratory experimental studies of robotic mechanical transmissions and the results obtained on the stand during the work of the transmission units in the automatic mode. The analyzed parameters when working at the stand is the total time of gear-shifting, the clutch switching (on\off), time and magnitude of pressure increase in the transmission automatic control mechanisms and power transmission control cylinder, time of synchronization, dynamic loads during gear shifting, the overall power losses in the work of transmission units and other parameter. The article describes the results of experimental studies of the work of units and the control units of the robotized manual transmission as part of all-terrain vehicle (6x4) in different driving conditions, including deformable bearing surfaces. It also shows the comparison of calculated data and experimental results obtained on the stand and on the road. It represents conclusions and recommendations on creation of robotic mechanical of multi-speed transmission with automatic control for all-terrain vehicles.

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This study investigated the influence of soda lignin extracts from oil palm on the binderless particleboard properties especially in against moisture. Characterization analysis of oil palm soda lignin, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur elemental analysis, ash content, infrared spectra via Fourier transform spectrometer, glass transition point, and thermal decomposition were conducted. Moisture resistant properties including thickness swelling, and dimensional changes with changes of relative humidity of binderless board with lignin add-on were investigated. Mechanical strength properties including modulus of rupture and internal bond strength were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy image of specimens was inspected. Lignin was statistically significant influencing the properties of oil palm binderless particleboard. All specimens with lignin added showed better performances than control specimens that without lignin add-on. Binderless board with 5% lignin add-on showed the best result in moisture resistant properties and mechanical properties.

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In this paper we study the main performance characteristics of SMAC, a media access control protocol for sensor networks (WSN). SMAC was designed keeping in mind the characteristics of energy scarcity and processing capacity of the sensor nodes and achieves reduction in energy consumption at the expense of other performance parameters such as delay, throughput and bandwidth usage. Our contributions through this work are: first, a model of physical layer corresponding to the transmitter/receiver CC2420 radio including a model of energy consumption and a model of the SMAC protocol based on the specifications of the authors implemented in Qualnet® and second, a detailed analysis of protocol performance based on different metrics. Through our study we provide to designers of sensor networks operating parameters and performance information.

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This paper explains the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for estimating the number of boulders resulting from the blasts in Limestone quarries. A number of ANN models are available for prediction of post-blast rock fragmentation distribution but none is available to predict boulder count. A data base of three hundred blasts was created for the development of the model. The records in the data base were generated from the blasts carried out in four Limestone quarries which have similar geotechnical set up. These quarries adopt different blast practice. The data base consists of blast design parameters, explosive type and the boulder count. 191records out of three hundred were used to train a two-hidden layer back-propagation neural network model to predict boulder count resulting from the blasts. The boulder count was considered to be a function of nine independent parameters. The ANN program code was developed inMatLabR2012a. The network was trained using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm as it provides the highest stability and maximum learning speed. The network was extensively analyzed to assess its performance with different transfer functions and the number of hidden layers to estimate the optimum network architecture. 77 data sets were used to validate the results of the trained neural network model and the remaining 32 datasets were used for testing the developed model. Predictions of boulder count by the ANN model were compared with those using a statistical model developed in SPSS statistics 20.0. It was observed that the prediction capability of the trained neural network model was found to be strong and it provides an easy option to the field engineers to optimize the blast design so that the boulder-count is the minimum. Diversity of the blast data in the similar geotechnical set up is one of the most important aspects of the developed model. The developed neural network model is suitable for practical use at the Limestone quarries having similar geotechnical set up.

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The increasing number of robots in the automotive industries improved the production throughput, quality and safety. More robots encountered more failures. This paper analyzes the probability of failures of robot at components level in automotive top coat painting line. Timely analysis of failures could reduce the downtime. The objective of this research is to establish replacement strategy for replacement of robots due to components failure. The approaches used in this research are 1) analyzing failures data, mean time between failures (MTBF) and mean time to repair (MTTR), 2) computational of the defender maintenance annual cost and challenger minimum cost of operating. The probability of failures of robots in the top coat system are mainly due to servo motor with a probability of failure is 0.20. From the analysis the robot with lowest MTBF is 5280 hours. Replacement strategy was established using marginal cost (MC) and equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) analysis was done for the robot and the potential candidate for replacement. Result from the case study, the cost of maintaining defender at year 6 is Malaysian Ringgit 825,000, while the minimum cost of annual operating of challenger is Malaysian Ringgit 765, 999. It is indicated the cost of the maintaining the defender is higher than the minimum annual operating cost of challenger at year 6. Hence, replacement of defender should be made by end of year 5.

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This article describes the process for the implementation of a classification algorithm, in this case, the Naive Bayes algorithm, on a cluster in the cloud, the latter of which is a service provided by AWS Amazon. The algorithm is based on the theory of conditional probability or Bayes Theory, making the classification and also the prediction of missing data possible. To accomplish the object described it is important to have knowledge about SSHo. At the end a comparison will show what execution from the cluster actually provides with respect to implementation on a local machine, in order to determine which infrastructure proposal is more efficient for large volumes of data.

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This paper presents a Computer based early skin cancer detection system that involves preprocessing of noise removal and gray scale conversion, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The preprocessing step employs Median filter for removing thin hairs and other noises. The segmentation process extracts the suspicious region from the normal skin. The paper identifies 29 features that represent the unique features of skin images, and designs an ANN classifier based on the evaluated features to classify the skin images into malignant and benign. It discusses the results of sample skin images and compares them with those of existing methods with a view of exhibiting the superior performance of the proposed method.

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A new type of efficient corn mill is needed in the Philippines to produce good quality corn grits at higher milling recovery. All of the corn mills currently being used are old and antiquated that were established as early as 1960s. As such, a new type of corn mill was developed to address the inherent technical problems of existing corn mills. The developed corn mill was pilot-tested in key corn areas in the Philippines to further improve and establish the technical feasibility and financial viability of the developed technology. The results of test trials revealed that the technical performance of the corn mill has significantly improved based on the initial output of the corn mill per unit of energy used, from 38.6 kg/kWH to 43.9 kg/kWH. The improvement in the technical performance has significantly reduced the milling cost per kilogram by 19 percent, from Php1.18 to Php0.95/kg (US$1=Php48). The estimated payback period in investing on the technology is two years and 6 months with internal rate of return of 68.6 percent. The developed corn mill technology could address the lack of appropriate village-level corn mill in the countryside.

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The article describes a switched-mode power supply in the form of the automatic control system. The block diagram of the automatic control system is adduced. Input and output signals of the automatic control system and the concept of "stability system" are defined. The functional flow block diagram of a buck converter comprising a proportional-integral-derivative controller and pulse-width modulator are adduced. A pulse-width modulator sets the mode of operation of the switched-mode power supply. Transfer functions and models of analog and discrete automatic control systems are considered. The problem of synthesis the automatic control system model consists in choosing the controller parameters. The analysis of the switched-mode power supply power unit is realized. The systems of difference equations to describe the change in voltage and current in the circuit depending on the input voltage are founded. Solutions of the systems of equations with respect to the input and output voltages are founded and the transfer function of the switched-mode power supply is determined. The studies of the switched-mode power supply with an analog controller are done. The form of the transfer function, the formula for determining the frequency of the pole, the attenuation pole and gain at zero frequency are founded. The modeling in the program MicroCap-11 is done. The form of the transfer function and the error the difference between the predetermined voltage and the output voltage of the stabilization system is studied. Similar studies are made for switched-mode power supply with digital control. The proposed method of calculation allows selecting the parameters of controllers and providing the required dynamic characteristics of the switched-mode power supply.

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The integration of diverse wireless technologies is the emerging trend in providing ubiquitous access to the high data rate wireless network. Currently, in 4G networks, new mobile devices aim to provide the user with great flexibility and connectivity for network access but also generate the challenging problems of mobility support among different networks. Users expect to continue their connections without any disruption when they move from one network to another by the process handoff. In this paper, bandwidth based handoff algorithm for multiple heterogeneous wireless networks are developed. The wrong decision handoff probability is major problem in 4G wireless networks. Wrong decision handoff probability is calculated based on proposed bandwidth based handoff algorithm and the performance of the proposed algorithm is estimated.

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Abstract:

Being speech the most natural way of communicating among humans, it should be possible to use it without complications in any aspect of a human live. Unfortunately this is not possible in certain situations like inappropriate environments or speaking disable people. Unvoiced speech recognition is capable of solving these issues through the acquisition of biological signals directly related to speech. Consequently, an analysis of silent speech recognition systems using electromyographic signals is presented. Applications of this technology in medicine, human interfaces, voiced and unvoiced recognition are showed. A description of hardware and software used in EMG-based projects is realized, along with an introduction to multiple techniques used for feature extraction and classification of myograhpic signals. The results obtained by the different projects are analyzed and the main difficulties still present in this kind of systems are commented.

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Hydroelectric power plant and its infrastructure are very strategic asset to the Nation in providing their services. This study is aimed to analyze the risk associated with structural stability of shotcrete lining on the tunnel and cavern of SIP hydroelectric power station while taking into account its risk factors. Prior to conducting risk analysis, level of distress rating for every chain age were determined to be considered together. These risks are then analyzed with considering other significant risk factors by quantifying its impact and probability for each risk to generate condition risk for the tunnels and cavern. From this study, by implementing risk analysis in determining condition of shotcrete lining of the tunnel and cavern, the severity of any particular area is defined more precise. The results discovered that the value of risks were identified ranging from 0.05 to 10.08. The highest risk value of 10.08 was discovered at the west wall of the cavern is due to the fact that cavern possess higher assets value need to be preserved. It is concluded that the results from the risk analysis provided more accurate estimation on preventive maintenance and remedial action depending on the operational purposes of the tunnel compared to the individual condition rating without the implementation of risk analysis.

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Peat soil including soil type has high compression and low bearing capacity. Improvement of peat soil can be done with stabilization using cement, lime and other materials, but it can not be applied at depths below 1 meter. Effective method to improve it is preloading method. Preloading can be applied using embankment material, so it can accelerate the compression and to increase the bearing capacity of on peat soil. This paper describe the results of small-scale model test in laboratory on peat soil before and after preloading. The results showed that the preloading is able to accelerate the compression and increase the bearing capacity of peat.

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Today modern service oriented computing have to need to enlarge a virtualized datacenters. Quality of service has been the sole concern in cloud data center deployment. This demand will increase the high operational cost and carbon dioxide emissions. Virtualization technology support Virtual Machine consolidation and migration. This is improving the server utilization, availability, fault tolerance and energy efficient. Therefore we need a Virtual Machine consolidation for energy efficient with quality of service. The main objective of this study to compare various Virtual Machine consolidation algorithms for Service Level Agreement, total power consumption, number of VM migrations. We have used CloudSim toolkit to simulate our experiment and to evaluate the performance of the various Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation algorithm, we have used real-world work load traces of Planet lab VMs.

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The purpose of this paper is to digitally simulate a voltage source inverter (VSI) fed permanent magnet brushless DC Motor (PMBLDCM) with buck-boost converter for power factor correction (PFC) and adjustable speed along with developing a hardware prototype. The buck-boost converter is preceded by a single-phase AC-DC converter. The concept of DC link voltage is used in the control scheme proposed in this paper, whereby the required speed of the brushless DC motor is proportional to this voltage. To regulate the motor speed PI controller is used. The design of the aforementioned PFC buck-boost converter based brushless DC drive is done along with the simulation model using MATLAB-Simulink environment for mining applications. This system provides greater efficiency, improved power factor and dependable operation ranging from a speed of zero to high value. The proposed control strategy was implemented in hardware and a comparative analysis is made with conventional methods. With buck-boost converter, the power factor is found to have improved. The proposed PFC converter has improved power factor, reduced harmonics and simplified the control strategy. The experimental based results were compared with the simulation results.

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Aim of this paper is to illustrate and describe the trend of last technological innovations and new IoT-based devices employed in solar-powered LED-based lighting systems, in order to obtain energy savings, low maintenance costs and to offer additional services to the users or community. Technological developments, in the last years, have allowed the use of LEDs technology in many general illumination applications, from houses to commercial or outdoor spaces. LED lighting is projected to reduce related energy consumption of 15% in 2020 up to 40% in 2030; in this contest, solar-powered LED lighting facilities offer a significant contribution to obtain energy savings, together with substantial environmental and health benefits. Last innovations in nanotechnology and quantum physics have the potential to strongly increase the electrical power obtained from solar panels for feeding any portable device. Furthermore, the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) and the huge use of smart phones and related apps allow wirelessly to control and drive the LED-based lighting systems, that also can be provided with integrated sensors thus realizing new functionalities, an improved management of energy and new services for smart cities. Finally, systems made up of connected lighting devices could become data collection platforms that, making use of renewable energies, enable even greater energy savings referred to lighting and in general electrical facilities present in smart buildings or cities.

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The objective of this paper is to reduce the retrieval time while processing a query graph. Graph is the powerful way to analyze a large database. Any given data can be easily visualized in graphical format. Sub graph matching is one of the most important factor when dealing with huge database. It retrieves structurally isomorphic sub graph when comparing query data with large graph data. The isomorphic problem has been overcome with the help of node Index. Neo4j is a powerful tool, which is used to visualize the query in graph method and to retrieve the matching sub graph in faster way. A pruning method is followed along with a Dynamic Sub Graph-Matching algorithm (DSMA) to solve the isomorphic problem. Rich information is available in every vertex of a social network graphs and it is effectively used while querying.

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Now a day’s governmental and nongovernmental organization wants to share their information for the purpose of knowledge discovery. When the data’s are shared individuals personal data or sensitive data which should not be known to others. E.g. Medical record, voters list, census data. This may leads a latest research field called Privacy preserving data mining. To address these issues, released datasets must be modified to preserve privacy. This article proposes hiding sensitive medical information by using first randomizes the original data and then applying k-anonymity method for sensitive data for preserving the privacy. Here Data fly algorithm is used to implement k-anonymity to anonymize the medical dataset for research purpose.

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Bananas are, after coffee, Colombia's most important agricultural product. Post-harvest losses and the emergence of new markets for processed products; make it convenient to the introduction of technologies to its most efficient use. In this paper, banana pulp (Musa paradisiaca L.) is characterized and the drying variables are determined to obtain dried pulp sheet. To achieve this, equipment for testing static drying is designed and built, and banana pulp is characterized by determining: moisture content, soluble solids, pH and acidity. The drying curves, with forced air, for different air speeds (178.3 m.min-1, 206.1 m.min-1 and 234.1 m.min-1) and different temperatures (50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C and 65 °C) are obtained, finding that an air velocity of 231.4 m.min-1 and a temperature of the drying air of 65 °C, are the most suitable conditions for dehydrating banana pulps used under the experimental conditions. The behavior of the dried pulp sheet obtained, in relation to their conservation parameters, is satisfactory; microbiological counts are within acceptable ranges for dehydrated products which are favored by the low water activity reached in the dried product.

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Programmed multistoried auto stopping framework minimizes the stopping range. In the current world where parking spot has turned into a major issue, it has turned out to be vital to maintain a strategic distance from the wastage of space in present day huge organizations and condo and so on in spots where more than 100 autos should be stopped, this framework ends up being to be valuable in lessening wastage of space. This programmed auto stopping framework empowers the stopping of vehicles, floor after floor and accordingly decreasing the space utilized. Here any number of autos can be stopped by necessity. These makes the framework modernized and accordingly space-sparing one. This thought is created utilizing 8051 microcontroller.

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Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) gain more attention in the modern world. The advancements in telecommunication technology has opened the door for deploying VANETs to make the roadway journey a more safer and comfortable one. The challenges such as mobility, network scalability and volatility make the VANETs more prone to be attacked by the intruders. In an open medium like VANETs, identifying the intruder is a difficult task. The behavior of intruders or malicious users is studied using various machine learning techniques. The work focuses on applying Support Vector Machine (SVM), a semi-supervised learning algorithm with Modified Fading Memory for predicting the behavior of the users of VANETs (SVM-MFM) and classifying the intruders from users of the network. This classification helps to isolate the intruders and the communication of the intruder with the VANET can be stopped, thus providing better resource utilization. This scheme is computationally fast in classifying the intruders with high ROCC of 98%.

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Today’s the medical image processing represent important role in the medical field. Image processing is an Electronic Domain wherein image is divided into small unit called pixel, and then various operation has been carried out. Image filtering, these days, has become an active research area in the domain of Image processing. Noise removal in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) scan image is important and essential for a wide variety of subsequent processing applications. Among the abundant denoising algorithms, the bilateral filter has been widely used in many image preprocessing procedures. However, it requires laborious tuning of parameters to obtain optimal filtering results, which is tedious and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose an automatic noise removal system based on the bilateral filter with bilateral neural network for different brain images. And we use bilateral neural networks for the use of high dimensional sparse data.

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The paper considers the method for calculating bunchers for electron accelerators with the accelerating structure that works in the standing wave mode. The aim of the work is to determine the geometric dimensions and parameters of the grouping cells which create the particle bunches. The calculated bunchers can be successfully used to form beams with the purpose of their further carrying through the accelerating structures without the use of external focusing elements.

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The use of wind energy, as a substitute for fossil energy, increase to generate electricity. The utilization of wind energy in rural areas that is not connected to the grid is very beneficial to the community. System stand-alone wind turbines small scale with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is very suitable for rural areas. To optimize the output power which is generated by wind turbine, controller is required to extract the maximum power. Fuzzy controller has been developed to produce a power output without using a mechanical sensor. Fuzzy controller controls the duty cycle of boost converter to obtain optimum generator speed and maximum power output of wind turbine system. To maintain the DC link voltage, bidirectional converter controllers have been used through the setting charging and discharging of the battery. Based on simulation results, the fuzzy controller has good performance to extract the optimum power. Fuzzy controller can maintain power coefficient on the optimal value despite a change in the wind.

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Identification of experts is an important task in Community Question Answering (CQA) because many operations in CQA depend on the experts. In most of the CQA the expert identification techniques are very poor. The problem we identified is questions suggested by the CQA to the users who are identified as experts are not interested to answer by the identified experts. Also with current expert identification the experts are not identified in all domains. To tackle these problems, we propose a model Domain Expert Ranking (DER) which identifies the experts based on commonly available parameters in CQA. Experiments carried over on a question answering site Quora, shows that our model achieves considerable improvement over existing expert identification methods on multiple metrics.

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Calculation of heat exchange in heat generators of low power is made; the main problem which arises during the calculating and justification of a certain model of heat exchange for furnace chambers of small volume is exact definition of relative participation of radiation and convective transfer in difficult heat exchange. Comparison of settlement dependences to experimental data has shown that for furnace chambers of small volume the physical model of heat transfer in the field of optical thickness the radiating layer has to be based on the use of a model of heat transfer radiation and averaging of coefficients of absorption Rosseland. The method of calculation of heat exchange in fire chambers with use of physical model of a heat mass transfer is considered. It is received dependence which can be used for testing and constructive calculation of fire chambers of heat generator.

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Present network communication protocol in wireless sensor network posses wide range of security vulnerabilities in routing data packets between the hops or base station (Server). It is impossible to detect such vulnerabilities and attackers exploit these vulnerabilities in order to penetrate into the network. Many researchers and security forum focus to overcome such vulnerabilities in routing mechanisms and existing security mechanism fails to handle this flaw in terms of secured routing. In this paper, a novel anonymous secure relay based routing (ASRR) approach is proposed in order to overcome some limited data theft. The key idea is to establish the communication channel between the hops using secure relay. Then to anonymize the entire network relays using circuited multi route protocol. The proposed protocol is experimentally tested and validated using python in a sandboxing environment.

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This paper introduces a method to linearize a FE (Finite Element) nonlinear problem. This method reduces calculation time by several orders of magnitude. Therefore, head geometry is optimized without supercomputers. In this paper the method is applied to a very critical component: the aluminum alloy piston head of a modern Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel (CRDID) [1-2]. The method consists in the subdivision of the head, in several volumes, that have approximately a uniform temperature. Each volume has an ad-hoc material model that takes into account of temperature, pressure and pressure derivative. Therefore, material behavior depends on average volume temperature, stress magnitude and stress gradient. This assumption is valid since temperatures vary slowly when compared to pressure (stress). In this paper, a known head is analyzed and validated with this method. The head comes from an engine that has run at full load for a known period (60h). It was therefore possible to evaluate true temperatures on head from residual Rockwell B hardness (HRB). This procedure can be considered a reverse engineering approach to evaluate the evaluate the temperature on the engine head. The test was aimed to evaluate the maximum peak pressure possible for the cylinder head. This relatively easy procedure outputted a reasonable maximum value for the engine. In general, experimental tests have confirmed the cost-effectiveness of this approach. This method can be successfully used in many other applications. From the design to the optimization of new or existing critical engine components.

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Sausage has became one of the favorite food of Indonesian society but people are less aware of the adverse health impact because of the content of sausages are consumed. Vegetable sausage can be an alternative food to minimize the negative impact on health. In making vegetable sausage, it should contain the appropriate nutrition. Vegetable sausage must have the appropriate nutritional content of Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-3820-1995), min.13% protein, fat max. 25%, and microbial contamination (ISO 7388-2009) 1 x 104 colonies / gram. In this paper, will be discussed design of making process of vegetable sausage using full factorial experimental design. Response of experiment is total bacterial content and the factors are boiling time and and the water composition.

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Floating point addition/subtraction has been designed in literature. The methods involved two’s complements add/subtract logic and XOR for counting leading zeroes. This paper proposes algorithm to perform add/subtract operation using one’s complement and counting leading zeroes for normalization using NOR operation as reduction operator for two bits of mantissa at a time. The proposed model is simulated with Quartus 2 version with Cyclone II family processor. An improvement in area by 34% with increased performance of 47% with comparable power consumption is observed when compared with two’s complement add/subtract, XOR operation for leading zeroes count.

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This paper analyzes the current situation and development prospects of coal mining industry of Russia. The data on the largest industrial disasters in Russian coal mines are given. The basic reasons of high accident rate during underground mining of coal seams have been studied. It was shown that the main condition to ensure economically efficient and safe extraction of flat gaseous coal seams during long wall face mining is the improvement of methods and schemes of gas release control. The need to improve the methodology to forecast gas release in mine workings and instructions to choose and rationalize ways to control gas release in mines working with gaseous seams was shown. Mining data were submitted on gas release into workings of extraction areas at high output per face under the conditions of one of the most productive coal mining enterprises of Russia – Kotinskaya mine of OAO SUEK-Kuzbass. The structure and parameters of the models for numerical study of aerogasdynamic processes at extraction areas of gaseous mines were rationalized. The results of numerical studies were submitted and conclusions were made on the efficiency of gas release control by mines. The area of rational use of draining-out of gases from the mine goaf with vertical holes from the surface was identified. The directions for further research to ensure efficiency and safety of mining in the course of intensive development of highly gaseous seams were identified.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Generally, with high mobility environment and high load network traffic, network performance may be degraded causing packet loss or increase overhead. Of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol for the MANETs. Average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and routing overhead, by increasing the time and number of the node. In this paper, we study the performance of DSR average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and routing overhead. Simulator (NS) version 2.35 used to study the performance of in both DSR-TCP and DSR-UDP. The simulation result shows that when the time is increased affected the average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and routing overhead, and routing overhead, and when to increase the number of nodes by increasing the average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and routing overhead, by decreasing path.

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Produced water is a waste of gas processing and petroleum. Before being discharged into the environment, produced water need a pre-treatment. In this research will be produced ultra thin membrane nanofiltration with polyether sulfone polymer materials for produced water treatment. Specifically, the objectives of this research are to make ultra thin nanofiltration membrane with polyether sulfone polimer, to investigate the effect of PEG additive and post-treatment with thermal annealing toward the surface structure and polyether sulfone membrane activity for the produce water treatment. Membrane is produced by phase inversion method with composition of polyether sulfone used 19 %wt. This research of production of the polyether sulfone membrane for water treatment is done with varying the PES concentration by 15, 17 and 19% weight, length of UV irradiation time 10, 25 and 300 seconds and variation of thermal annealing temperature 150°C and 180°. The membrane performance will be investigated using dead end filtration cell with the flux and rejection parameters. The membrane characterization will be done using SEM and FTIR analysis. Product analysis is done to determine the turbidity, TDS, COD, Ca2+, S2- and oil content in the produced water before and after membrane separation. From this research will be expected to produce suitable membrane for produced water treatment.

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The constantly development of new technologies that are friendly with the environment has led to implement systems, models and even algorithms that improve the efficiency of themselves. This article has as objective to implement a prediction algorithm of the generated power by twelve solar panels installed in the campus Cajica of Nueva Granada Military University (UMNG), this prediction will consider the solar panel efficiency, the time and environmental conditions that affect it. Obtaining as a result an application that allows the user to know the maximum load that the solar system can supply according with the weather conditions present in a specific hour and day.

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Of all technology trends occurring, perhaps one of the most prominent and popular domains is Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The WSN has a vast range of applications such as disaster surveillance, structural health monitoring, agricultural control, biodiversity mapping and health care. The operation employs low-cost micro-sensors equipped with wireless interfaces for communication, thereby forming a sensor network. These sensors exhibit a constrained air due to their limited energy, storage capacity and battery life, making the design of an efficient routing scheme imperative yet tedious. This paper proposes Hierarchical and Energy Optimized Clustering based routing approach (HEOC) which ensures system’s operation at minimal energy by multi - hop data traversal technique. The work refashions the existing model by selecting the most optimal cluster head for communication with sink. Simulation results prove that the proposed approach is effective in reducing the overall energy utilization and improves the lifespan of the sensor network as compared to other routing schemes.

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Currently various factors limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion, and the main factor known in this sense is the high temperature. This work opened a new line of research. We present the strange impact either the enlargement either shrinking of the photovoltaic area on the efficiency and performance, by a comparative theoretical study of amorphous panels into the world market (see table) build by the most world manufacturers, this study showed the arbitrary increase and shrinking, in solar cell area that not proportional to the efficiency, and influences the electrical performances in a spectacular way when we compare the technical data of all or each manufacturer.

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Concrete properties can be altered substantially by adding super absorbent polymer to the concrete mix. The modified concrete has the ability to absorb large amount of water and converts it into gel. This gel provides the concrete with the constant supply of water which is needed for internal curing process, at the same time occupies extra space in the concrete mass. This study targets the property of the modified concrete that helps blocking the water flow through the concrete mass by filling the voids and cracks with the produced gel. Several concrete samples of varying super absorbent polymer content that ranges from 0% to 0.3% are prepared. The water tightness samples are of cylindrical shape. Each of these samples is broken, identically, into approximately two pieces. The water tightness test will focus on the ability of the modified concrete to block the water flow thought the induced concrete crack. These samples will be subjected to both; constant water pressure – constant head, and varying water pressure - falling head. New device is developed to study the ability of the concrete to block the water flow subjected to certain water pressure. The effect of the amount of the added super absorbent polymer on the concrete water tightness will be presented. Several other samples are also prepared to study the effect of the super absorbent polymer on the concrete compressive and tensile strength. Concrete cubes and beams made of the same concrete mix as the water tightness samples are tested. The effect of super absorbent polymer on the fresh concrete will also be discussed in this study including the concrete workability stability, and plasticity.

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Nowadays, stereoscopic vision is one of the mechanisms for viewing three-dimensional (3D) with the fastest growth, due to it requiring only two images with different perspective without any treatment, for playing 3D environments. The vision 3D provides more realistic scenes unlike 2D, facilitating a better understanding and interaction with these images, among other advantages. This generates a wide field for the development of applications in medicine and education mainly. In this paper, the results of a system for a remote video viewing in 3D are presented, obtaining a way to transmit stereoscopic video from two webcams continuously disregarding the handled bandwidth and with the best possible quality.

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Lime and sand are known as the good stabilizing agents, mainly due to the cation (Ca2+) within the lime which provides the bonds between some bigger particles, while the sand becomes denser. Moreover, as it grows denser, it goes against the soil expansion nature and increases its CBR. The soil’s CBR remains constant while it is not expanded. Based on the previous studies: Lime can be utilized as the additional material of clay soil’s stabilization in order to reduce its plasticity index and enlarge CBR rate by 10%; LL rate by 49.33%; PI by 31.47%; swelling by 27.67%; and CBR by 16.3%. It shows very high plasticity index and fair-graded for sub grade. Sand can be used as the additional material to stabilize clay soil by 40% minimum in order to reduce its plasticity index and increase CBR rate; with LL rate at 37%; PI at 11.72%; swelling at 1.16%; CBR at 16.48%. It implies medium plasticity index and fair-graded for sub grade. This research continues to find out about the stabilization of the sub grade using the mixture of lime and sand as the additional material in order to reduce the sand’s percentage, decrease plasticity index, and increase CBR rate.  Meanwhile, experimental method using laboratory’s test result is employed as the research method. The experiments include Atterberg Limit Test, standard proctor test, CBR Laboratory test, and free swelling test.  The findings are then analyzed using quantitative method. This research concludes that sub grade stabilization which is conducted by mixing lime and sand is more effective than using lime-mixed or sand-mixed alone. It is because the same CBR rate and plasticity index can be obtained by reducing the lime percentage and sand percentage. When mixing 15% lime and 30% sand, LL rate is recorded at 35.89%; PI rate is at 3.77%; swelling rate is at 1.33%; and CBR is at 26.78%. It implies low plasticity index and well-graded for sub grade. For the each 5% increase of lime and 10% of sand, there are decreases in LL (7.45% - 14.45%), PI (27.91% - 37.83%), and swelling rates (37.18% - 49.97%); as well as the increase average of CBR rate (12.96% - 34.40%).

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