This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the effect of static loading conditions obtained from adjacent foundations on buried pipes. A number of laboratory tests were conducted using a small-scale physical model, in which a PVC pipe was installed in a well-graded sandy soil and subjected to different loads. The numerical analysis was implemented using a finite element simulation. Different variables were examined in the experimental and numerical investigations including: the lateral distance between the pipe and the loading area (X), the soil cover above the pipe (H), the pipe diameter (D), the modulus of backfill soil (E), and the applied footing pressure (P). The results indicate that the lateral displacement strongly depends on the depth ratio of the pipe (X/H). The pipe’s displacement decreases by increasing its depth ratio. The results also show that a higher modulus of backfill soil yields a large soil restraint on the pipe, resulting in trivial lateral movements. Additionally, the results demonstrate that increasing both pipe diameter and footing pressure increases pipe displacements. Displacement charts were developed based on finite element results. The charts provide a quick and reliable method to estimate the lateral displacement of pipes based on several input parameters.

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Agriculture industry in Malaysia has evolved entirely over the last decade due to the advancement in science and technology. Also, Malaysia’s mushroom industry has also shown an upward trend recently. Thus, the increasing of mushroom production in Malaysia also has led to the increasing of mushroom waste such as the spent mushroom substrate (SMS). It is estimated that for 1 kg of mushrooms grown, about 5 kg of SMS is produced. Since the SMS has high potential to be converted into activated carbon (AC) by pyrolysis method and chemical activation, thus this study is crucial to produce the AC derived from the SMS to be used in industrial application especially in the wastewater treatment as the AC has a very excellent adsorption property. Using AC from SMS, 93.7% of sulfide from the industrial wastewater was successfully removed. The optimum condition to produce AS was at the heating temperature of 515°C and heating time of 106 min.

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The manufacturing of Al2O3 nanoparticle using a DC plasma method. The materials used are aluminum powder with dimensions of 88 µm. The electrode used are copper and HSS. The nano-powder Al2O3 obtained are tested using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray-diffraction (XRD). The results of the test of alumina nano-particles showed that the copper electrode has a spherical nano-particle and there is agglomeration with a size of 24.08 nm. With a purity of 96.68%. The HSS electrode produced nano-particles as 20.8nm in size, with a purity of 88.68%.

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Power Capacitors plays a vital role in reactive power compensation. When the capacitors are connected to the transmission line, it improves the reactive power. Although the reactive power is improved, there is a possibility for sub synchronous resonance created by this capacitors in the transmission line can travel to the generator side. The sub synchronous resonance causes electro-mechanical stress in the generator shaft which ultimately leads to malfunction of the entire system. It is necessary to find out operating modes of the generator and turbine when the line is compensated with capacitors. Once the operating modes are clear, torsion analysis will give the weak points in the turbine generator shaft which is encountered immediately when sub synchronous resonance arises. It is possible to damp the sub synchronous resonance when the weak points are monitored continuously, in this paper, three phase generator is coupled with a prime mover and the line is compensated with the series capacitors. The stress on the turbine is analyzed based on the torque of two rotating machines. Finite element method gives the weak points in the turbine generator shaft system.

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Solar collector uses solar energy radiation drawn in by absorber plate and transferred to the fluid. Solar collector thermal efficiency can be increased by putting up heat convection coefficient and turbulence flow inside solar collector’s duct. It can be achieved by giving obstacles and fins to the flow to make wider heat transfer area. The geometry of the fins is half cylindrical with 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm diameter and fin spacing between obstacles is 0,25L; 0,5L; 0,75L respectively. The optimum fin geometry is chosen by numerical method using Fluent 6.3.26. The experiment uses v-corrugated absorber plate and 30° bill shaped obstacle. Experimental sets to test the effect of fin addition to solar collector’s performance and efficiency. All fin variations are tested numerically with 6, 5 m/s inlet velocity and constant heat flux of 430 Watt/m2. The numerical analysis shows that the optimum result achieved at temperature difference of 8, 809, pressure drop of 357,046 and 0.022 ratio, using 6 mm diameter fin and 0, 5L spacing between obstacles.

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Twelve specimens of simply supported composite steel-concrete beams were analyzed to scrutinize the failure of local buckling; these specimens were loaded by the combined effect of axial compression and negative bending. Models of a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element were simulated by using ANSYS 12.1 program to estimate the ultimate loads. To investigate the adequacy of these models, a comparison was made between the gained results with past experimental work. A suitable agreement was obtained between the outcomes, in which the extreme gap for the ultimate loads is found to be approximately 8.2%. In the meantime, local buckling failure was noticed in the compression parts of the whole proposed samples, the fail begins at the web of the steel section and then propagated to the flange. On the other hand, when the concrete slab thickness increased by 20 %, the capacity of vertical load will increase by 17.8 %, while the axial load capacity increases by 5.4 %, and if the slab thickness increased by 40 %, the vertical load capacity will be 35.5 %, and the axial load increases by 10.3%.

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In neural networks, training a network with a large datasets put a heavy load to computation time and does not guarantee networks accuracy. As dataset may contains outlier or missing value that leave a gap that possibly cause the overall shape of dataset to be affected during training session. A datasets with too limited data points or too much data points is not an optimal size for training the neural network. Hence, suitable size is requires ensuring the neural network is trained using optimal dataset size which able to reduce computational time and does not affect the accuracy significantly. This paper presents a dataset size reduction formula that can provide suitable number of training dataset size for the neural networks and does not affect the accuracy significantly. The formula derived from the Fibonacci retracement that has been reported its usage in many literatures. The experiments were performed on four literatures function and four real-world datasets to validate its efficiency. The experiments tested on groups of dataset with their data reduce from 0 percent to 95 percent with 5 percent step size. The results are compared to proposed method for root mean square error (RMSE) and time usage in radial basis function network (RBFN). The proposed method yielded a promising result with an average over 50 percent reduction in time usage and 20 percent in RMSE.

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The aim of this study is modeling the transport of industrial wastewater in sandy soil by using finite element method. A washing technique used to remove industrial wastewater from the soil. The washing technique applied with an efficient hydraulic gradient to help in transport of contaminant mass by advection. Also, the mass transport equation used in modeling the transport of industrial wastewater from soil includes the sorption and chemical reactions. The soil samples obtained from Al-Najaf Governorate/Iraq. The wastewater contaminant was obtained from Al-Musyieb electricity power plant. The sandy soil samples were synthetically contaminated with four percentages of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the distilled water used in the soaking process. The soaking process continued for 30 days. The contaminated soil samples were washed by using distilled water applied with a hydraulic gradient of 0.5. A laboratory physical model was designed to study the removal efficiency of contaminant from the soil after 10 days of remediation. The percentages of removal efficiency of the contaminant from the soil are (97.63, 96.79, 96.58 and 93.87) %. A computer program presented by Smith and Griffiths (P8.8) was developed by taking into consideration both effects of adsorption and chemical reactions in solving mass transport equation. The results obtained from the developed computer program well agreed with those obtained experimentally in pattern and magnitudes. The effects of adsorption and chemical reactions are slight and have not effects on the quantity of contaminant mass transported by advection.

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Animal Habitat monitoring can be better carried out remotely without active human interruption. The designed system should provide data that facilitates proactive measures to prevent the spreading of health hazards among animals, detect intruding poachers and track the locomotive behavior of animals in their habitat. In this work, reliable and resilient cost effective routing solutions are implemented addressing Passive and Active Mobility requirements through embedded plat- forms such as Raspberry PI and Arduino. For addressing passive mobility requirement, an alternate to Zigbee mesh routing protocol (Modified AODV) namely a Greedy Based Geographic Forwarding with Delay Tolerant approach is implemented. Nodes tagged on to animals are equipped with GPS and IEEE 802.15.4 wireless transceiver to transmit the location information along with sensed parameters either via singlehopor maximum forwarding progress neighbor (animal) towards sink in multi-hop manner. The payload is buffered until a forwarding neighbor (neighboring animal) or sink is detected in transmission range to handle void issues in deployed monitoring area. Sink is assumed to be stationary and this solution is designed to address application requirement that demands to track the locomotive behavior of animals via passive mobility. It isachievedthrough802.15.4MACaddressbasedtagging.However, for Active Mobility requirement, a routing solution is implemented where nodes are equipped with camera and driven through stepper motor(s). These spatially distributed nodes are made to move across the field to capture the detected animal images and transmit through Wi-Fi network to the gateway directly or through Optimized Link State Routing Approach (OLSR). These active mobile nodes run High Speed Multimedia Stack in Raspberry PI and transmit the compressed images by applying Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to reduce the bandwidth and communication cost in addition to resolving congestion in a dense deployment.

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New blends of Speech Enabled Interactive Voice Response (SEIVR) Systems have been replacing the existing time consuming menu driven IVRs. But there is significant reduction in the quality and intelligibility of the speech signal when transmitted through the telecom networks which use narrowband codecs. Providing wideband quality signal without much modification of the existing network infrastructure can only be possible with a novel technique of Artificial Band Width Extension (ABWE). In this paper, ABWE is implemented using a QMF filter bank which band split the input speech into LF and HF components and further the HF components are compressed and encoded using a novel data hiding technique. In the reconstruction phase, an artificial wideband speech signal is generated through a QMF synthesis filter bank. For implementation of the proposed model, a client-server approach with socket programming on a single machine has been used assuming no noise and no transmission errors. A comparative analysis has also been done to find out the root cause for degradation in performances of SEIVR systems. The simulations on the proposed SEIVR model with ABWE have shown significant improvement in the speech recognition accuracy and overall performance.

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Real time data collection from distributed network and nodes are one of the most common part of any application in this era of Information Technology. Aggregation of Data from heterogeneous mobile and sensor devices is a challenging task. The task of data aggregation and migrating to a centralized platform and offloading data require a energy efficient platform. The research proposes model of deployment for sensor network data collection and storage. The major objective is data aggregation and offloading with the help of improvised LEDA (Low energy Adaptive Algorithm) which clusters the network considering QOS parameters, creates an offloading criterion for data to be transferred in case of low bandwidth availability. A Performance monitor is incorporated in the network to track QoS parameter to support the decision making essential for aggregation and offloading. The system improves energy and life time of the network considerably.

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Low power and high performance static random access memory (SRAM) are the main key issues and has become vital components in modern VLSI systems. The system power, performance and reliability can be significantly improved by controlling the power dissipation in SRAM. In this paper, the new technique is introduced in the High Performance Data Aware (HPDA) SRAM design to reduce the power dissipation and access delay for read/write operation. The proposed new technique employed in the HPDA SRAM cell has proved to minimize the write power dissipation about 83% and read power consumption about 50%than the 6T cell. The read access time and stability of the HPDA cell are also improved in the new design SRAM cell.

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The gravimetric method was used to evaluate the influence of temperature and duration on the specific change in mass of nickel samples (P=?m/S, where ?m - mass change, S - surface area) during electroless diffusive saturation with erbium in a molten eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium chlorides with the addition of 5 wt. % erbium chloride. Mathematical dependencies of P on duration in 773 - 973 K temperature range. The composition of alloy-coats prepared with the electroless transfer of erbium on nickel was studied using energy dispersive energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, X-Ray microanalyzer and scanning electron microscope. Heat resistance of prepared Er-Ni surface alloy has been studied.

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Energy constraint is a major challenge in the deployment and applications of wireless sensor networks. The lifetime of the network depends solely on the node life of the composite units. To efficiently maximize the lifetime of the component nodes within the network, optimization of the available power is very crucial for consideration. This paper presents the design of a module to teach undergraduate students the step-by-step approach to optimizing the limited power available to specially designed wireless sensor network. Three different measures were introduced to guarantee the reduction in the power consumption within the network. There was 10% reduction in the power consumption and there was extension of the node lifetime from 26 hrs to 132 days. There was a feedback on the level of understanding of the 20 students taken at random. The results are then presented graphically.

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Antennas play an important role in any wireless communications. Some of them are patch Antennas, parabolic reflectors, and Slot Antennas and Folded Dipole antennas. Each type of antenna is good in their own properties and their applications. The current trend in commercial communication systems has been to develop low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of microstrip antennas. With the simply geometry, these antennas offer many advantages which are not commonly exhibited in other antenna configurations. The software defined radio is a radio in which all of their functions are defined automatically. Radio is a device which can transmit or receive signals only in the radio frequency. The use of software defined radio (SDR) is to make communications more flexible, by making communications reconfigurable at lower layers of the networking. The major challenge is to design small antennas which can be operated at different number of frequency bands. For this frequency reconfigurable antennas need to be designed in which frequency can be tuned so, a single antenna can able to operate at different frequency bands.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated in its report that lung disease is a wide spread in Malaysia which caused 2.77% of total death in Malaysia making it the 6th main cause of death in Malaysia. One of the lung diseases included in the list is interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILD includes an extensive group of disorders which leads breathing complications as a result of the alteration and fibrosis to anatomical structures in the alveolar structures. Therefore, diagnosis and analysis of ILD can be performed by segmenting the lung morphology on CT scans images. This study aims to construct a 3D lung image morphology using 3D distance regularized level set evolution (DRLSE). The 3D performance evaluations for normal lungs on average yielded better results than that of ILD lungs with a Dice’s similarity coefficient of 93.19%. The constructed lungs from 3D DRSLE has good representation of the segmented normal lungs while suggesting deformities in segmented ILD lungs.

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The granulometric characteristics of sandstones from Cretaceous Knysna and Robberg Formations were studied to determine sandstone types, depositional environments and their possible sources. This research was done by doing grain size statistical analysis under a petrographic microscope. Unimodal to Polymodal grain-size distributions were observed and it is evident that sediments from Robberg Formation are well-sorted to moderately well-sorted in a beach depositional environment, while sediments from Knysna Formation are moderately well-sorted to moderately-sorted from a fluvial to estuarine depositional environment. The most possible source of sediments are from weathered underlying Cape Supergroup rocks in the area. Also, the granulometric properties of the Robberg sandstones indicate its potential as a reservoir rock, especially for water.

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Numerous experimental and theoretical studies on recycled aggregate concrete have been carried out in the past 10 years. This paper presents several reviews of RAC. The review presented in this report clearly indicates an increasing trend and incentive for the greater use of manufactured and recycled aggregates in construction. There are, however, limitations to the use of such materials. This report focuses on the known benefits and limitations of a range of manufactured and recycled aggregates. A successful strategy must be based on both cost and performance. In terms of performance, many countries are focusing on recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) which is proven to be practical for non-structural concretes and to a limited extent for some structural-grade concrete. However, the processing and quality control cost associated with their use plus the premium paid for mix design adjustment to achieve the same strength grade as concrete with natural aggregates can vary considerably. In Iraq, there are a number of manufactured and recycled aggregates readily available in certain localities which have the potential to be used in construction.

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The paper proposes the concept of introducing a Connected Quarry Machines Digital System that integrates the processes of interaction telematic and control systems quarry machinery. On the system tasked motion control construction machinery and spatial position and its working bodies, dispatching transport operations in real time. Search optimal algorithms and technologies appropriate to the level of economic justification of the main criterion of promotion of automation in the roads construction. This is intended to show the process and benefits to building a construction-ready model embedded with intelligent data. Such a model can serve as the basis for how contractors plan and execute construction projects. With intelligent modeling, users can add and remove information in real time while simultaneously looking at multiple ways to perform construction work instead of making manual modifications. Pairing interactive modeling with intelligent data frees engineers and architects to quickly analyze changes and design options in the physical environment. The potential impact is huge for saving time on rework, accelerating the building phase, and producing higher-quality projects.

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This work shows the possibility of search of timely earthquake precursors basing on the FRaSH method for identification measurements of the shape of instantaneous values distribution and characteristic frequency from seismographic record. It was found that during an earthquake there can be registered extreme sudden changes in the shape and characteristic frequency when scanning the seismographic record. However, in the time before the earthquake there can be seen smaller in value but still sudden changes of the shape and the characteristic frequency. These facts are used as timely precursors to predict earthquakes. The most suitable threshold value of identification variables that establish the timely short-term earthquake precursor and the corresponding prediction interval were determined. There was created a device that measures statistical variables, shape and characteristic frequency of the seismographic record, as well as searches for possible earthquake precursors. Besides there was elaborated a new method of determination of earthquake precursors based on sequential comparison of identification variables of shape and characteristic frequency to threshold values while getting closer to the time of earthquake.

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Hiding secret information in a cover, which is of same type or different type is called Steganography. The main goal of the Steganography is that the sharing of secret information should not be shown to the intermediaries during communication. Several algorithms have been developed having different kinds of cover media, such as text, image, audio or video. We propose an approach to convert a secret message, which is available as Tamil text document into a gray-scale image that can be created of any size based on the size of the secret message by the sender, and that is transmitted over communication channel. At the hiding end, the characters in the Tamil text document are encoded after encryption, then the image is scanned row by row, and in each non black pixel four characters are hidden. Only if the color of a pixel is not black, then the characters are hidden into it. At the extraction end, the characters are extracted after finding that the pixel is not in black color. This proposed method shows an agreeable experimental result with the cover image chosen. The efficiency of this proposed method is that the size of the stego image is lesser than the size of the secret message. Security can be increased by encrypting the secret text before embedding into the cover image.

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As a matter of fact, the automotive industry has expanded and experienced growth increasingly. Approximately 2.9 cars are produced and sold every single second with a view to meeting the high demand in a flourishing market. As a result, this has led to a growth in the location of production plants to meet the needs of the market and at the same time an impact on the environment. In this context, the objective of this article is to evaluate the environmental impacts of a sector of the automotive industry. That is to say, the objective is about the manufacturing industry of headrests in Morocco for the purpose of better analyzing and identifying the processes and the categories, which have negative impacts on the environment. The evaluation was conducted via the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology using the OpenLCA software, the Ecoinvent database and the Impact 2002+ endpoint impact characterization method. Therefore, we concluded that the manufacture of the head restraints for a car seat has negative impacts on the environment.

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This work is focusing on finding a suitable method for detection of the weak spot of back plate due to single electrode spot welding. Now a day, in automotive and other manufacturing process, the resistance spot welding technique became a successful joining method for different types of work. Here, we have used two types of sensors: temperature sensor and current sensor for detecting the weak spot. The system is expected to measure the correct welding current and temperature at spot welding for each set current. If the observed value of current and temperature is outside the specified range then there is more possibility for weak spot. This sensor system reads the value of current and temperature while welding and compares it with specified value. The measurement is displayed on the LCD display. If the observed value is outside the specified value then buzzer will get activated. These results are observed on computer with the help of Bluetooth wireless communication.

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The calculation algorithm for the concrete frameworks of the monolithic buildings is offered. This algorithm makes allowance for the concrete creep and the modulus of instantaneous elasticity changes in accordance with [1]. The algorithm is based on the network approximation element method [2] with time effect which allows taking into account as physical nonlinearity of the concrete behavior so the concrete creep and the sequence of erection of the monolithic framework simultaneously. The examples of the realization of algorithm can be found in the program “Method of the network approximation of elements - erection and creep”.

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Modern technology of manufacture of fur raw materials based on the use of main and auxiliary materials, contributing to the increasing of diffusion rate of the components of the working solutions into the dermis leather fabric and the reducing of process duration. Many chemicals when released into wastewater are an environmental threat because they can cause the death of aquatic organisms or change the ecological community that may eventually lead to eutrophication and the disappearance of the water body. The solution may be in the technologies excluding the use of aggressive acids. The authors propose new structures and closed ways to pickling fur raw material, the effectiveness of their application in rabbit raw materials. Pickling composition 1 containing the combined whey used in the pickling of rabbit raw material by the dip method. Pickling composition 2 on the basis of fermented milk composition (FMC) was applied to the leather tissue of rabbit skins by pasted way. Pickling composition 2 in contrast to the known compositions did not contain sodium chloride, which reduces the costs of manufacturing and disposal of salts in the waste solutions. Were set out requirements for the composition and parameters of technological regimes.

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This paper presents the implementation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication on an autonomous vehicle. The V2X system consists of a set of traffic lights for crossroad, cars and a road side unit (RSU) whereas the autonomous vehicle consists of an input data management system and controller for automated driving. In this project, we focus on connecting the vehicle to the network and utilizing the connectivity for non-critical message transmission. A mesh network is formed using star topology. The security of the mesh network is then enhanced with a mesh network password. Function of the RSU is to connect and act as a central unit that command the traffic light and other nodes of the network. RSU is the only unit with the authority to give commands to infrastructure of the network, for example, the traffic light. Under normal condition, the traffic light will act based on preset setting. With input from pedestrian through android application, or emergency request from autonomous vehicle, the RSU will give command and issue the traffic light to change the state.

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Data Grid is a geographical-based distributed environment that deals with the extensive data-oriented applications. Data replication is used for reducing the data access latency and managing effective processing of huge data in the distributed environment. This research work presents a hybridized Modified Dynamic Hierarchical Replication Algorithm (MDHRA) and Efficient Replica Consistency Model (ERCM) for the data grid environment. The location of the best file replica is chosen based on the data transfer time, storage access latency, replica requests in the queue and distance between the nodes in the data grid environment. The ERCM model requires minimum execution time for the reading and writing operations that ensures high data availability. The main contributions of the ERCM approach are optimal allocation of replica and maintenance of the replica consistency. The experimental analysis shows that the combined approach requires minimum Effective Network Usage (ENU), storage usage, replication frequency, number of communications and maximum hit ratio than the existing replication techniques.

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MapReduce is a popular large-scale data-parallel processing model for analysing and processing large massive data sets. Its success has stimulated several studies of implementing MapReduce on Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). Hadoop’s has motivated research interest and has led to different modifications as well as extensions to framework. The Graphics Processing Units (GPU) are widely used in the High-Performance Computing world to enhance job throughput, as its architecture is quite data-parallel friendly. The problem is to find Software and/or hardware solutions that allow firms to discover, evaluate, optimize, and deploy predictive models by analysing big data sources to improve business performance or mitigate risk in major data processing tools. MapReduce has also been widely adopted to solve Big Data problems and in this scenario combination of CPU and GPU will provide huge advantage over the scheme where only CPU is utilized. By default, Hadoop supports some fairly simple scheduling policies e.g. FIFO, fair scheduling, or capacity scheduling. In this paper we will study about MapReduce implementation of big data analysis using heterogeneous CPU-GPU scheduling to improve the performance of the system.

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In this paper the analysis for Bit error ratio (BER) with BPSK modulation scheme in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is performed. The bit error probability curve is simulated using Matlab. The complete BPSK system is implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. The behavior of the system is simulated and the results obtained are presented.

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This work is studied the effect of adding different percentages of molybdenum by powder metallurgy technique of Ti-5Al-2.5Fe-xMo alloys (x= 1,2 and 3wt%) on corrosion behavior and microstructure in different fluid body (artificial saliva and Hank's solutions). After specimens preparation, an examinations were done by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and light optical microscope(LOM). The corrosion properties of theTi-5Al-2.5Fe alloy and the Ti-5Al-2.5Fe alloys with Mo additives were examined by using electrochemical technique sat 37ºC, such as the potentiodynamic method and open circuit potential (OCP). The XRD and microstructure results show that comprises (dominant a and) minimal ß phases at room temperature and the addition of Mo in these percentages does not have effect on the present phases. From the corrosion results can see in 3wt% Mo the alloys have less corrosion rate than the master or other percentage (1 wt% and 2 wt%) in all solutions (artificial saliva and Hank's solutions).

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There is a need for activities that promote the use of technology among the elderly. Mobile applications (M apps) open up new opportunities for improving the quality of life for the elderly. However, the cognitive psychology of design is unable to recognize human preferences of the interface. To overcome this problem, a different approach to interface design is required. Activity theory is used commonly to provide suitable concepts and contexts to help researchers analyse and design activities for mobile applications. It helps identify ineffective aspects of the user interface design. Activity theory includes notions of history, mediation, intentionality, understanding, motivation, community, culture and is proven to improve interface design. It is also used to investigate and improve the understanding of the behavior of the individuals when interacting with technology and how the related social entities interact with technology such as mobile applications for daily activities. This paper explains the reasons for using activity theory as a methodology to study the interaction between elderly Arabs and the user interface of mobile applications. It also describes the problems faced by elderly Arabs when using mobile applications’ user interface (mapps UI) and their preference. Based on this, the paper then designs a mobile health application based on their preferences using activity theory.

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The current trend in the system development and the competition among manufacturers motivate both the designers and developers to improve the performance of systems and decrease the power consumption but not at the cost expense of those systems. Today, the Field Programmable Gate Array-based embedded systems is considered as the preferred computational platforms due to multi key features of these platforms including the reconfigurability, flexibility, short-time to marketing, and etc. The advanced technologies and the facilities presented via these technologies pushed towards real-time and multi-functional systems, which encourages the designers and developers to replace the single processing unit by those units with the ability to process multiple data per time. Many mechanisms can be applied over the field programmable gate array platforms to provide the ability for multi-processing and the true parallelism. Therefore, in this paper, the advantages of applying the true parallelism over the Altera Nios II Embedded Cyclone V (DE1-SoC) board are presented. The true parallelism was used to design and implement a laser missile frequency jamming system. The true parallelism is combined with the FPGA features, which improves designed system in many aspects such as increasing the system throughput, decreasing the system cost, the power consumption of the system, and the system complexity. This paper provides a presentation of the system modules, the functionality of each of these modules, and the results obtained from the LCD and Seven Segment of the (DE1-SoC), (DE2-115) board.

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Security is still the most important priority in communicating globally on the network; all communication media such as social media today must apply various types of cryptographic algorithms to secure incoming and outgoing information. Hashing Variable Length is one algorithm that can be used to secure messages with the same length of results and also in addition to cryptography; this algorithm can also be used as message compression with very reliable security. Hashing Variable Length has an output with varying lengths and this study provides output results in the form of simulations to illustrate the results of security and compression performed.

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Seeing how electric vehicles are the future of automobiles in general, it has become crucial to manage heat properly, so as to maximize the efficiency and range of the vehicle. Most complex systems use Li-Ion batteries as there are several advantages to this, such as maximize range, minimize weight and space used by batteries. The high power density of Li-Ions batteries allows it to be a perfect candidate for electric vehicles given the current state of technology. One of the conditions that comes with such a battery pack is its optimum operating temperature which lies between 15 and 30 degrees Celsius. The battery must have a thermal management system, either passive or active, wherein it always stays within this range. This paper aims to answer the major questions which deal with how to most effectively manage heat in an EV or HEV by comparing multiple solutions.

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Nowadays, thin film technology has received an enormous interest among the scientists and was used in solar cell application. Solar energy is free, renewable energy that has been employed in the world. In the past,a variety of thin films (binary, ternary and quaternary films) have been produced in order to search cheaper absorbing materials. The obtained thin films are more flexible, high conversion efficiency and less expensive if compared to silicon based solar cells. The aim of this work is to study the synthesis of penternary nanostructured thin films by using several methods as reported by different researchers from around corner of the world (Physical and chemical technique). The obtained samples such as Cu (In,Ga)(S,Se)2 and Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 films have been characterized by using various tools was reported. The solar cell devices show power conversion efficiency of 10 % and 12.4 % for Cu (In,Ga)(S,Se)2 and Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 thin films, respectively.

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Transmission of secret information through non - secure communication channels is subjected to many security threats and attacks. The secret information could be government documents, exam questions, patient information, hospital information and laboratory medical reports. Therefore it is essential to use a strong and robust security technique to ensure the security of such information. This requires the implementation of strong technique to satisfy different security services. In this paper different security algorithms are combined together to ensure confidentiality, authentication and data integrity. The proposed approach involves the combination between symmetric key encryption algorithm, hashing algorithm and watermarking. So, before the transmission of secret information it should be encrypted using the advanced encryption standard (AES), hashed using secure hash algorithm 3 (SHA3) and then embedded over an image using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transforms (DCT) and singular value decompositions (SVD) watermarking technique. The security performance of the proposed approach is examined through different security metrics, namely, peak signal - to - noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized correlation coefficient (NC); the obtained results reflect the robustness and the resistance of the proposed approach to different attacks.

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Electromagnetic wave propagation suffers attenuation and phase rotation by suspended dust particles where occurrence of sand and dust storms (SDS) is predominant especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The SDS phenomenon has received considerable interest in recent times with emphasis on signal attenuation and phase rotation effects. To this end, mathematical models of dust induced complex scattering are developed and proposed using Rayleigh method to compute attenuation and phase rotation of electromagnetic waves by considering dust particle shapes and best fit ellipsoids. This part II of Microwave Attenuation and Phase Rotation in SDS also presents a new expression for the relation between visibility and dust concentration. The expression was included in the proposed models whose simulated results, when compared with some published results, show close agreement. Attenuation and phase rotation in dry dust are found to be significant only when visibility becomes severe or at increased microwave bands.

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An electroless Ni-P deposition procedure has been advanced to treat the AZ91D magnesium alloy surfaces against corrosion. Magnesium alloy AZ91D became first sulfated in a nickel sulfate bath containing thiourea-molybdate. Then an electroless Ni-P deposition became performed on the sulfate coating from a sulfate answer. The stages in the sulfate coatings had been analyzed by way of XRD. Microstructures of sulfate coatings and electroless Ni-P depositions have been located by using SEM and EDS. It was located that there has been metal nickel inside the sulfate coating and the addition of thiourea-molybdate in the sulfating bathtub resulted within the boom of nickel in the coating. Quite a few disperse steel nickel particles acted because the catalyst nuclei for the succeeding Ni-P deposition. Therefore, the Ni-P depositions with dense and first-rate microstructure have been acquired on the sulfate coatings received from the sulfating bath in which 10.0~12.5g/l thiourea molybdate turned into introduced. The Ni-P plus nickel sulfate coatings at the AZ91D magnesium alloy exhibited ideal corrosion resistance as shown via the effects of the salt spray corrosion test.

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Realization of inverter fed electric motors is made possible with the trends in power electronic technology. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is one motor replaced conventional electric motors with attractive features like compactness, lightweight and efficiency. The paper presents the analysis of seven-level diode clamped multi-level inverter fed PMSM. Seven-level diode clamped inverter is driven from pulse generator employing level-shifted (multi) carrier PWM pattern. Reference current signal is generated from closed-loop control of PMSM. Closed-loop speed control is presented in detail. The presented concept is analyzed with PMSM running with fixed speed and variable speed conditions. LSCPWM Driven Seven-Level Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor is developed and result analysis is presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

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In this study, the effect of cryogenic treatment and machining parameters on cutting force and temperature were investigated in the dry turning of C45steel with treated and untreated M2 HSS tool with the radial nose of 0.4mm, are optimized by using the statistical method. Pilot experiments have carried out in three different speeds (38.6, 57.5, 62.8 m/min) by three different depth of cut (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm) and feed rates (0.046, 0.062, 0.087 mm/rev). Experiments were carried out based on L27 orthogonal array (33) three levels and three factors, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and S/N Ratio is employed to determine the most significant factor in each response. The result shows that the depth of cut is the most significant factor for both treated and untreated tool on cutting force, temperature followed by cutting speed and feed rate has less significance, from statistical method to obtain considerably reduced the cutting force of HSS tool by 9.11%and temperature by 11.5%, while depth of cut was the dominating factor for both.

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