The utilization of water for various purposes continues to increase from year to year as a result of the rapid rate of population growth and the development of human activities. The availability of water decreases and even tends to be increasingly scarce, mainly due to the decrease in environmental quality and quality due to pollution as a result of climate change. This research was conducted to determine and identify the dangers of climate change to the water sector that occurs in the Dolago Watershed. The analytical method used is Penman Monteith's evapotranspiration, water balance analysis of the F.J Mock model, climate change detection and projection using the Makesens model, Cumulative Distribution Frequency (CDF) statistical analysis and weighting of hazard levels. The data used in the form of rainfall data from the Dolago Dam and Dolago Padang rain stations in 1993-2018 (26 years) and Olaya Station climatology data in 1993-2018 (26 years). The results showed that climate change had occurred in the Dolago watershed, which was marked by the value of Z ? 0. There was a very high decrease in water availability for all periods except the 2013-2022 periods which was classified as moderate. Potential flood hazards increase for each decade. Drought has occurred for all periods with very high potential. With climate change occurring at the study site, there will be a significant potential for drought in the dry season and a potential flood hazard that continues to increase throughout the year.

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The response of higher-order velocity structure functions in flat plate turbulent boundary layer subjected to the effect of concentrated suction, apply through a single narrow porous wall strip have been examined using hot-wire anemometry methods. The results indicate that, the higher-order functions shows a greater sensitivity to a change in boundary conditions than the second-order functions suggesting that small scale motion follows a similar trend with large scale motion. However, relative to undisturbed layer, third and fourth-order structure functions of wall-normal velocity shows a greater departure than their longitudinal counterpart, reflecting a lower contribution to intermittency.

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The use of a high-energy effect makes it possible to control the rates of heating and cooling, which, under certain conditions, leads to the production of maximum non-equilibrium structures. The control of the structure formation of materials of a given composition, in conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium, makes it possible to provide the required durability of the working zone of the product when exposed to high contact and dynamic loads under conditions of abrasive, shock-abrasive and impact wear. Technologies that ensure the regulation of the structure formation of materials, due to the rates of heating and cooling, in conditions of high-energy heating, make it possible to use materials of a given composition to form the required set of properties, taking into account the nature of wear. The main difference between such heating and heating by external heat sources is that heating occurs directly in the metal due to the electromagnetic field created by the inductor. The aim of this work is to develop technological parameters for obtaining wear-resistant composite materials with a given set of physical and mechanical properties, obtained by the method of high-energy induction exposure using metal powders of a given composition. In the course of the work, the technological modes of obtaining layered composite materials with a given structure and properties were established, taking into account the nature of wear. The studies carried out have shown that a decrease in the time of high-energy induction exposure during the production of a composite material provides a high hardness (55-58 HRC) and wear resistance under conditions of abrasive wear. An increase in time leads to a decrease in hardness to 43-45 HRC, which increases the wear resistance when exposed to impact loads.

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Creation of metal materials with a given complex of physical and mechanical properties can be implemented using a complex approach, which combines obtaining a given chemical composition, production technology and strengthening treatment, which provide obtaining the required phase composition and a certain structural state of the materials. The properties of alloys are determined not only by chemical composition and microstructure, but also to a large extent by the type, size, shape and nature of the phase distribution of different nature and origin. The application of various technologies, including high-energy ones, allows you to control the macro and microstructure, strength and operational characteristics, changing the structural and energy parameters of steel. More and more attention is paid to the patterns that exist between the composition, structure and properties of alloys obtained in non-equilibrium conditions, due to the use of technologies using high energy effects in the process of producing materials. Control of structure formation in melts and alloys under conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The possibility of improvement of physical and mechanical properties of alloys by their production in non-equilibrium conditions is shown. This serves as a basis for obtaining alloys with a given complex of properties. The purpose of this work is to establish the regularities of the formation of the structure of instrumental materials under multifactorial complex effects under the conditions of electrometallurgical technologies. In the course of operation, technological modes of producing castings with electric slag chill casting were established, providing the most favorable process of melting the electrode in the crucible. Modification with rare earth metals of the cerium group changes morphology and reduces the number and size of non-metallic inclusions, which acquire a predominantly globular shape. It leads to significant increase in reliability of a product, due to increase in impact strength which increases from 0, 13 MJ/m2 (at not modified) up to 0, 30 MJ/m2 (after modifying).

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The aim of this work is the analysis and discussion of the inhour equation which is derived on theP1 approximation neutron transport theory (P1-inhour equation). The classic inhour equation (C-inhour equation) is based on the neutron diffusion theory which is widely applied in nuclear reactor analysis. The P1-inhour equation is compared with the C-inhour equation and the differences are discussed.

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This paper describes the Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for the Prosthetic Hand System. There are different nonlinear controls theories, as for example the SMC approach; it has proved sound and well-established literature. Recently prosthetic hands turn out to be more significance since its capability to be potential substitute hand for an amputee. By utilizing a different kind of actuators, prosthetic hands become more practical as it could work with neuro motors energy which started by the Automatic Nervous System (ANS) of the brain. However, the mathematical modelling of the system should be fittingly resolved to guarantee the precision of the controller design. Then, the system needs to be designed based on the theory of the Lyapunov stability and the control rules of the SMC through the MATLAB/Simulink software. The results accomplished affirm reasonable specialized means and synthesis by using sliding modes for nonlinear control tasks. Then the performance of the system is validated and verified via simulation environment. By referring to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the SMC capable of reducing the controller effort while enhancing the Prosthetic Hand performance.

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N-stearoyl lysine is a non-ionic surfactant. N-stearoyl lysine was synthesized by reacting stearic acid (SA) and lysine (L). In the synthesis of N-stearoyl lysine, the interaction effect between the substrate ratio, solvent ratio, and catalyst concentration was observed to obtain the optimal percentage of stearic acid conversion. The catalytic oxidation process is carried out by reacting lysine with stearic acid at a substrate ratio of 2-4 (L/SA), with the addition of mixed solvent hexane and 2-propanol with a ratio of 1-3 (v/wSA) and calcium oxide catalyst at 3-7%. (w/wSA). The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 65 °C and a time of 3 hours. The optimal conditions using the response surface analysis were obtained at a substrate ratio of 4 (L/SA), a solvent ratio of 3 (v/wSA), and a catalyst concentration of 5%, and the resulting conversion of stearic acid was 85.2%.

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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is currently popular at demand as a solution in numerous deployments that cover from the combat zone to the user’s parlor due to its quickly deployable with adaptive topology and able to function without any infrastructure. However, variable topology is one of the key challenges since the network throughput and energy consumption depends on number of possible connections. This work proposes a Multi response Optimization (MO) algorithm, named MO-LMMHOWAN that apply in Last Mile Mobile Hybrid Optical Wireless Access Network (LMMHOWAN). In this perspective, the paper originally proposes a model and an architecture that roughly combine MANET and FiWi domains based on adaptive data rate transmission of cross layer scheme integrated with Taguchi method: the primary idea is that this MANET and FiWi can route the packet in accordance to the pre-optimized and robust profile drive by the adaptive data rate, thus mutually enhancing their capability of packet transmission over hybrid FiWi-MANET networks. Technically, the effects of seven controlled factors and two uncontrolled factors were investigated by implementing the Orthogonal Arrays (OA) of Taguchi experimental method on a AODVUU routing path in last mile mobile HOWAN. The study here is established on energy consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and throughput metric with varying nodes scenario. This result is compared to the (non-Taguchi) work study which further reduces the variability among routing configuration parameters and shows superior performance improvement with regards to capacity, energy consumption and PDR with values of 77.89%, 33.76%, and 25.44%, respectively.

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Ablution is Muslim’s act of washing oneself before performing prayers. This ritual only involves several parts of the body. However, during this process, water was wasted too much which interchanging between body parts even though Islam urges Muslim to reduce water usage during ablution. Other than that, the newly developed design will check for its ergonomic since comfortability and safety are essential for establishing a product. Hence so, this research is proposing a new design of an ablution system. This ablution system designed as a portable and user-friendly system for all ages to be used. The design for this ablution system does consider the ergonomics of human position. It also proposes a way to conserve the wasted water from ablution process. Design is made from the suggestions from RULA analysis by CATIA V5. This analysis proposed a better angle for better measurement of the proposed design. Finally, the study concluded with limitations and future research directions.

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In this paper, an instantaneous monitoring system that automatically early detects the existence of fire is proposed. The detection system is developed and controlled by using an Arduino Mega microcontroller and other main components that operates the entire fire alarm system. The key feature of the system is the ability to remotely send an alert to the authorities by using a GSM module whenever a fire is detected. Also, when the presence of smoke is detected, the GPS module is used to indicate the location where the fire is occurred for the fire extinguishing car. The experimental results show that this monitoring system is capable to early detect smoke, flame, heat, temperature, and humidity with high efficiency. Furthermore, compared to the existing systems, this monitoring system is working automatically in all-weather conditions and showed its potential in solving the fire detection problems at lower cost.

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This project involves the design and implementation of a computerized control system for the automation of a potable water loading plant using tank trucks. Pumps and valves of the storage tank are controlled through a set of electronic instruments, especially the ultrasonic sensor, which is essential in monitoring the plant. Graphical LabVIEW interface is used to monitor the valves’ control, the switching of the submersible pumps, and the level of the tank. It also allows taking the user data who makes a service request and saving it in a database for future use. As a result of this work, a fully automated plant is obtained; it is capable of automatically supplying the volumes of water required by the user. All is controlled through an application in LabVIEW that allows monitoring and visualizing in real-time the events generated by the process from the loading of drinking water to tank trucks.

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This survey presents a literature review of metal oxide-based volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor detection and cantilever based sensors for the checking and recognition of unpredictable natural mixes. the study contains data gave by various partners and writing concentrated on recognition of VOC gases like n-octane, toluene & n-butanone, Ethanol, Acetone, Pentaerythritol, tetra nitrate & 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene with sensitivities, the limit of detection was presented. Parameters like resonant frequencies, quality factor and deflection properties of length versus width are measured for different MEMS cantilever structures.

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The research work focuses on the effect of study of incorporating of Nano particle like Nano Alumina (NA) and also one of the supplementary cementitious (pozzolanic) material in concrete to enhance the mechanical properties of the concrete. Nano particle and pozzolanic material is partially substituted by the weight of cementitious material into concrete. The experimental investigation was carried out on Nano modified concrete were tested after 3, 7 and 28 days of water curing for different grades like M30, M40 and M50 to determine the mechanical properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of concrete specimens. Nondestructive tests likeultra-sonic pulse velocity test and rebound hammer testis also conducted on the hardened concrete specimens. The workability property like slump test of traditional and Nano modified concrete were also studied. Based on the test results obtained the influence of Nano particle in concrete improves the behaviour of concrete in the fresh and hardened state.

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Lately, the security technology business has been offering an inflexible and expensive alert system. Home security assumes an essential role in the current lifestyle to help identify illegal activities. In addition to the increasing familiarity with productive home security system, the execution of real-time alert system is enticing for users. Home security and control of it are among the basic reserves of humanity since the early days. Provided that it is updated with the rapidly changing technology to ensure vast coverage, remote control, reliability, and real time operation. Deploying wireless technologies for the security and control of home automation systems provides attractive advantages along with an easy-to-use interface. In the proposed project, a programmable home security system by using GSM system was developed. Raspberry Pi 3 was used as the main controller (server). A Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor was utilized to detect the intruder when an intrusion occurs. It performs its ability by measuring changes in the infrared rays in its field of view. When any potential break-ins are identified, the pi camera module installed on the Raspberry Pi 3 will capture the intruders' photo. Meanwhile, the installed GSM module will send a warning message to the user, which shall also include the intruders' photo link. Finally, the image will be loaded into the created web page. Along these lines, the user can confirm the message received and take a quick step by reporting the incident to the authorized entity. With everything in mind, this improvement provides a reasonable and easy-to-use home security system.

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In this work we present the first Bernoulli number for reactivity calculation with the Savitzky-Golay filter in order to reduce fluctuations that are present in the neutron density signal; this filter uses the second degree polynomial approximation of Gram d=2, with different widths of the sampling window between N=25 y N=225. The fluctuations are simulated numerically considering noise with a Gaussian distribution around a mean value for the neutron density, with different standard deviations. We compare the numerical experiments using the proposed method and the Savitzky-Golay filter with the different filters reported in the literature, such as the first order delayed low-pass filter and the exponential filter.

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This research seeks to establish a control network of the water level to be checked and verified for river ecosystems by rainfall causes. In its configuration for continuous service with power outages and data integrity and flexibility, the device must include an intermittent power supply (UPS) and memory card. The goal is to insure the machine has at least 90 percent efficiency irrespective of heat, wave or power loss inaccuracies. The sensor consists of four samples which indicate whether the water level is classified as secure, small, high and critical. The data is then transmitted through the PIC microcontroller to the first-hand memory card and to the GSM module which transmit it as an SMS to selected cellular telephone numbers, which is used as a data backup.

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