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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                            January 2022  |  Vol. 17  No. 1
   
Title: Application of bacterial biomass in biocementation process to improve the strength of cement concrete
Author (s): Smitha M., Suji D. and Mercy Shanthi
Abstract:

Application of bacterial biomass in biocementation process to improve the compressive, split-tensile strength of cement concrete is considered as the primary objective of the present study. Bacterial concrete was prepared using M-Sand isolate, Bacillus megaterium. Compressive strength and split-tensile strength of the developed concrete was tested using Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 516-1959). During the analysis, the ability of Bacillus megaterium that act as a potential agent in increasing the compressive and split tensile strength in developed concrete was highly evident. A significant increase in compressive strength of 31.5MPa and 30.1MPa was observed for the concrete developed using 105 cells and 106 cells of bacteria after 28 days. Similarly, increase in split-tensile strength of 2.92MPa and 2.78MPa was also observed for the developed concrete using 105 cells and 106 cells of bacteria. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that more calcite was produced in the mortar developed with 105 Cells/ml of bacteria. Energy Disperse X-Ray studies confirmed the increase in elemental composition of calcium upto 32.5% for the concrete mortar developed using 105 cells/ml. It is concluded that bacterial cells/spores aided in the deposition and precipitation of calcite minerals in the concrete matrix which influences the strength of bioconcrete.

   

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Title: Fatigue resistance of reinforced concrete beams with GFRP sheet reinforcement against long-term effects of seawater immersion
Author (s): Jamaluddin Bangki and Andi Asrifine
Abstract:

This study aims to analyze the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with GFRP-S reinforcement immersed in seawater against fatigue loads. Through this method, beam flexibility is tested on two simple supports and is fatigue tested with a frequency of 1.5 Hz until the beam collapses. Sinusoidal type fatigue loading. The test object is 10 blocks of reinforced concrete measuring 15 cm x 20 cm x 330 cm. 5 beams were tested statically as a comparison, 5 beams were tested fatigue. 4 non-immersed beams, 2 normal beams, 2 GFRP-S beams as control. The blocks were soaked for 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The test results show that the use of GFRP-S can increase the fatigue life of the beam. The variation of sea water immersion for 1 month, 3 months and 6 months can increase the value of beam stiffness with GFRP-S reinforcement when compared to GFRP-S beams without seawater immersion due to fatigue loads, namely 5.046%; 5,149%; 3,604%. Meanwhile, the stiffness value decreased when compared to the static load, namely 3.142%; 3,818%; 5,941%; 7,451%. The ductility value of GFRP-S blocks immersed in seawater for 1 month and 6 months due to fatigue load decreased by 7.61%. The attachment capacity of GFRP-S to the fatigue load that was immersed in sea water for 1 month and 6 months decreased by 9.306%.

   

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Title: Solar disinfection of treated urban wastewater: Development of a predictive mathematical model using two level factorial design
Author (s): Sajjala Sreedhar Reddy, Najat Issa Al Balushia, Salam K. Al Dawery and Anwar Ahmed
Abstract:

The goal of this work is to apply a factorial experimental design in the disinfection of total coliform bacteria present in treated urban wastewater using solar disinfection processes. Total coliform removal was studied using the factorial design 24. The four factors considered were Solar energy, Volume of Sample, Exposure time and type of reactor at two markedly different levels: solar energy (1100 and 1700 W.h/m2), volume of sample (0.2 and2L), exposure time (0.5 and 3 hrs.) and type of reactor( Open air and Solar reactor). The experimental results of the solar disinfection process were analyzed statistically using the students t -test, analysis of variance, F -test, and lack of fit to define the most important process variables affecting total coliform removal. It is observed that the exposure time is the variable with the greatest influence on the response factor (percentage of total coliform removed), although other variables also have a significant influence. Furthermore, a mathematical model (regression equation) has been obtained taking into account the influence of variables of total coliform removal. The model adequately describes the total coliform removal from treated urban wastewater using solar disinfection.

   

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Title: MATLAB model for the design of heat exchanger networks in chemical processes
Author (s): Mohammed Abou Hussein, Mamdouh Gadalla and Dina Ahmed
Abstract:

In chemical refineries and petrochemicals industries the energy consumptions is a very critical for both economic and environmental effects, the energy in chemical industries is mainly consumed through the heating and cooling processes. The efficient design of heat exchanger networks (HENs) has been studied by many researchers to reduce the energy consumption in chemical plants. Heat integration by pinch technology has been a unique method to design the HENs. In this paper a MATLAB code is developed to apply heat integration based on a graphical design approach using the temperature driving force between streams. The MATLAB model is explained in an educational way to introduce pinch analysis for students and young researchers in the field. The MATLAB code presented, intend to develop a useful toolbox for the synthesis of a heat exchanger network. The HEN is represented on a simple graph, where the cold stream temperatures are plotted on the X-axis, while the temperature driving forces for each exchanger are plotted on the Y-axis. This graphical technique describes the energy analysis problems in terms of temperature driving force (TDF) in a heat exchanger, this paper will study the design of two case studies through a developed MATLAB code.

   

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Title: Study of potential flood runoff using hydrological analysis and hydraulic simulation on rivers in urban areas, case study on way Pisang rivers, Lampung province
Author (s): Lilik Ariyanto, Agustinus Purna Irawan and Any Nurhasanah
Abstract:

Every region in Indonesia, especially those around rivers that develop to urban areas is always faced with the problem of flooding in every rainy season. Flood disasters ranging from mild to large (flash floods) will have an impact on community activities and often result in property losses and even fatalities. To be able to anticipate the impact of flooding, a method is needed to estimate the amount of flood discharge and the potential for overflow that will occur in the area around the river. One method that can be used is hydrological analysis and hydraulics simulations, where hydrological analysis will obtain the amount of flood discharge at each repeat event, while hydraulics simulations can obtain data on potential flood discharges that will inundate the area around the river if no prevention and control measures are taken good and measurable countermeasures. In this study, to determine the return flood discharge, the Nakayasu method was used with river characteristics according to the data obtained, while the hydraulics simulation used HECRAS software. The results of hydrological analysis and hydraulics simulations show that for a 10-year return flood discharge of 323.01 m3/s, there is the potential for an overflow of 14.5 km with an inundation area of 15,314 m2 and a flood discharge for a 20-year return period of 376.43 m3/s. potential for overflow along 14.6 km with inundation area of 17,441 m2.

   

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Title: An efficient simple reaction type water turbine for Pico hydro application
Author (s): M. F. Basar, N. A. M. Rais, A. H. Azahar and S. F. Abd Gani
Abstract:

The focus of the study is on the performance characteristics of an efficient Z-Blade turbine, which is classed as a simple reaction type water turbine that may be used in Pico hydro applications. As a result, the geometrical design of the turbine as well as experimental results are provided. The test unit's applicability in low-head, low-flow situations was also investigated in this study. Using the governing equations that have been created using the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, the Z-Blade turbine has been investigated for an ideal and practical condition. Using various frictional losses factors (k-factors) for different working heads, the correlation between rotor diameter, angular speed, flow rate, power output, and efficiency is illustrated and analysed with reference to experimental data. The data were compared to theoretical results using inlet water pressures ranging from 30 to 50 kPa, turbines with rotor diameters ranging from 0.4 to 1.8 meters, and a nominal PVC pipe diameter of 25 mm (1). This hydraulic reaction turbine, which has a simple fabrication method, can produce high power output and minimal power loss with an overall energy conversion efficiency of 68 percent under low-head low-flow water resources.

   

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Title: Performance analysis of a DG based inverter connected with micro grid
Author (s): K. Radha Rani and N. Chaithanya
Abstract:

In this paper, control of 300 watt grid tied PV inverter is addressed. The AC output of grid tied inverter is connected to the load and to a virtual micro grid through the point of common coupling. The main objectives of this paper are synchronization of solar inverter to micro grid, evaluation of the performance of inverter, determination of apparent power at the point of common coupling which is connected between three lines. One line is connected to the main or artificial micro grid and battery storage system, second line is connected to the solar inverter and third line is the local load. A complete control structure for the single phase PV system is presented. Plenary results are obtained to validate the performance of solar grid tied training system. The grid tied inverter ability is discussed to deliver a sinusoidal current to the grid while meeting the appropriate standards i.e. the total harmonic distortion and power factor requirements are examined.

   

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Title: The dimension effect of rough pipe arrangement on wave transmission and wave reflection as porous breakwater structure
Author (s): Andi Makbul Syamsuri, Dadang Ahmad Suriamihardja, Muhammad Arsyad Thaha and Taufiqur Rachman
Abstract:

Waves that propagate through a form of porous breakwater structure below the water surface will be transmitted. The structural model of the porous breakwater is designed with a position perpendicular to the wave arrival direction at the wave generating flume, which functions in addition to reducing the incident waves energy and minimizing wave reflection. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the length of the pipe model, the diameter of the pipe model and the height of the pipe model structure. Laboratory experiment research by varying the length of the pipe arranged in such a way that the friction plane hole in the model is in the same direction as the incoming wave with variations in water depth (d_1=30 cm; d_2=33 cm and d_3=36 cm) and variations in pipe diameter (D_1 = 15 cm, D_2 = 10 cm and D_3 = 7,5 cm). The results showed that the structures length and height with a much smaller diameter decrease the transmission wave, and the reflection wave is relatively constant.

   

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Title: Modification of hierarchical zeolite and activated carbon for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Author (s): Silvester Tursiloadi, Faridatul Afiyah, Deni Shidqi Khaerudini, Muhammad Safaat, Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring, Muhammad Al Muttaqii and Sigit Priatmoko
Abstract:

Natural zeolite-activated carbon composites are presented as a potential proton exchange membrane (PEM). To improve the proton exchange membrane (PEM) properties of natural zeolites, modification into hierarchical zeolite has been conducted by alkali treatment of desilication method using alkali solution of NaOH. The material was characterized using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A certain ratio of natural zeolite-activated carbon was casted using hot press to produce a membrane. A series of physicochemical characterization techniques was applied to provide insight into the water uptake, swelling ration, ion exchange capacity, and proton conductivity. Alkali-treated natural zeolite membrane showed higher proton conductivity (7,47 x 10 x 10-3 S/cm) than natural zeolite membrane (5,76 x 10-3 S/cm) which pointing a potential for PEM application in fuel cell.

   

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Title: Linear Quadratic Regulator design for vehicle suspension system
Author (s): Sahazati Md Rozali, Muhammad Nizam Kamarudin, Saleha Mohd. Saleh and Aliza Che Amran
Abstract:

Suspension system is one of the important parts of any vehicle system. The main task of suspension system is to ensure the stability of the vehicle from any road disturbances and provide security and to the passenger. However, most of the vehicle manufacturer is still facing difficulties to fully achieve these objectives. There are various of research that focusing on the techniques to obtain a good stabilization and comfortability of vehicle suspension system. Thus, this work proposed Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to maintain good road handling of the suspension system and provide comfortability of the passenger. The system performance with LQR is then compared with the system with pole-placement controller. The simulation results show that suspension system with LQR managed to maintain the stabilization of the system within the acceptable transient response specification. Besides, the performance of suspension travel, car body acceleration and wheel deflection of the system is improved with LQR in terms of its maximum peak and settling time.

   

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Title: Design of sub millimeter-wave antenna with high gain for next generation wireless communication (5G)
Author (s): N. Edward, W. L. Gan and Z. Zakaria
Abstract:

In this paper, a 1x8 coupled microstrip patch array antenna capable of providing high gain and operating between 24 GHz to 28 GHz is designed for 5G mobile applications. The proposed array antenna consists of eight antenna elements, with each single antenna element achieves simulated average return loss of less than 10 dB from 24.125 GHz to 28.131 GHz. The simulated peak realized gain of the proposed array antenna is 15.6 dBi at 0 degree. In addition, four identical 1x8 subarrays with each providing 900 coverage are arranged in 4 different directions to provide 3600 coverage. The single microstrip patch antenna element and four identical 1x8 subarrays antenna are fabricated where the overall size suitable for implementation in 5G smartphone applications.

   

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Title: A CNN-Based model for dynamic traffic signal timing estimation at simple urban intersections
Author (s): Camilo A. Laiton-Bonadiez, German Sanchez-Torres and Carlos Henriquez-Miranda
Abstract:

The pattern of change of conventional traffic lights does not consider the density of traffic in real time, thus hampering the efficient flow of traffic. Therefore, it is necessary to create and implement a more efficient control system that could maximize the flow of vehicular traffic. This paper proposes a method to enhance the regulation control of vehicles' density at an intersection by means of the dynamic estimation of the traffic light cycle using a deep convolutional based method. The proposed algorithm is oriented to estimate traffic lights' waiting time at simple intersections in real time. Once the video is processed, this approach can estimate a traffic light cycle based on an estimated traffic volume at a given time. All of the essential aspects of the methodology and materials used for the investigation are described. Algorithm improved the average queue length at intersections by 38% and improved the average waiting time by more than 60% compared with a traditional fixed-time cycle approach. Our proposal combines multiple ideas, image preprocessing, convolutional neural networks for object detection, and a traffic time estimation method based on Websters formulas. The proposed method, namely the dynamic estimation of the traffic signal cycle, showed a decrease in waiting times, the level of polluting emissions, and noise levels.

   

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Title: Device to improve the safety of taxi users and drivers applying face detection
Author (s): Jeszs D. Quintero-Polanco, Andris F. Charry-Moreno and Oscar M. Torrente Barragan.
Abstract:

The prototype implements a system of facial detection developed in Phyton with OpenCVs framework and a pre-trained convolutional neuronal web to identify the exact moment in which one or more users aboard the taxi; during this time some pictures of users and taxi drivers faces are captured in different amounts of time and are restored in a MySQL data base of a web server. There was a development of a mobile app on Android studio that allows users to observe the taxi driver information, and at the same time, to observe the outline of the route in real time which is also restored in the data base. It was developed a web platform that register or updated taxi drivers information and inquiry the register of different services developed by the taxi driver in case that there is an unusual situation.

   

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Title: Epileptic seizure detection using a non-invasive Brain-Machine Interfacing system
Author (s): Jeevan K. M., M. Ramesha and Chethana S.
Abstract:

This paper proposes a Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) for aiding epileptic seizure patients by monitoring their brain waves through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. EEG signals are highly prone to artifacts and noise from blinking eyes, muscle movements, and glossokinetic artifacts. Hence filtering must be done for the EEG brain wave obtained. The EEG signal received can be classified as a normal persons or an epileptic patients based on the features extracted from these two categories. If an epileptic seizure will be predicted, then a distress signal is sent automatically to a centralized monitoring system through a GSM module. The patients current location is acquired using a GPS module and transmitted along with the message to get immediate attention. From experimentation, it is found that the proposed methodology provides a highly accurate detection capability with high sensitivity, which is superior to other methods. The implementation has been carried out on the Spartan6 FPGA kit, using Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.2, programmed in Verilog HDL. The GPS used is Neo-6M, and GSM is SIM900A. The embedded board STM32F0 discovery kit has also been used.

   

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Title: Classical and predictive control applied to a DC/DC Inverse Watkins-Johnson converter
Author (s): Juan F. Galindo-Escobar, Carlos A. Sanchez-Triviqo and Diego F. Sendoya-Losada
Abstract:

In this work, two controllers, a Proportional Integral (PI) and a Model-based Predictive Controller (MPC), have been designed to regulate a DC/DC Inverse Watkins-Johnson converter. First, the modeling and linearization of the system was performed using a frequency response estimation method. Then the PI controller was designed around a certain setpoint. Next, an algorithm was designed according to the Extended Prediction Self-Adaptive Control (EPSAC). Finally, the performance of the controllers was evaluated for setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection.

   

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Title: Design and engineering calculation of a screw press for extracting juice from sea buckthorn
Author (s): Nazerke Muratzhankyzy, Amirzhan Kassenov, Mukhtarbek Kakimov, Duman Orynbekov, Zhanar Moldabayeva, Samal Tokhtarova and Zhaiyk Tokhtarov
Abstract:

This paper describes an experimental screw press for juice and cake separation. The constructive and structural schemes of the press are given, the characteristics of the main units of the equipment and the principle of its operation are presented. The algorithm of engineering calculation of juicer design is resulted, which is based on the calculation of pressing duration at different rates of screw rotation (? = 14653 rad/s, ? = 12,56 rad/s, ? = 16,75 rad/s, ? = 18,84 rad/s) and studied influence of compression pressure by changing of diaphragm holes (d=6710-3 m; d=10-3 m; d=10710-3 m; d=12710-3 m). The proposed method of engineering calculation of the pressing process makes it possible to determine the optimum parameters in advance and to develop a press of any capacity depending on production conditions.

   

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Title: Physical phenomenon of nanofluid on top of steepcover sheet by applying Laplace Adomian Decomposition method
Author (s): Mahalakshmi D., and Vennila B.
Abstract:

The present paper discussed the transmission of convective heat from the condensed boundary layer flow over a vertical linear stretching board of viscous nanofluids such as in water and in water nanofluids. As mentioned above, various physical parameters are measured at various volume fractions for both nanofluids. By way of similarity transformations, the acceleration and power boundary layer solutions, non-linear Laplace transform equations, are reduced to ordinary differential equations that are non-linear. Using the Laplace Adomian Decomposition method, the underlying non-linear regular formulas of Variations were resolved by the highly efficient. This research analyses nanofluid heat transfer's efficacy in cool down of plastic and rubber mats.

   

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Title: Flow topology around low Reynolds number Eppler airfoils with vortex shedding
Author (s): Che Intan Hartini Che Ibrahim, Aslam Abdullah and Mohd. Azahari Razali
Abstract:

The flow topology has been widely discussed over the years and serves as motivation for the process of vortex formation and the periodic behaviour of the reattachment profile research studies. This study takes three low Reynolds number Eppler airfoils into account. The computational fluid dynamics simulations carried out involve the air flow passing these models. The attention is given mainly on the separation bubble, vortex shedding and reattachment point. The corresponding effects on airfoils aerodynamic performance is observed. The method is validated against an established data to indicate that both simulations and analysis technique are reliable. The results are useful in micro aerial vehicles application where the airfoils are those of low Reynolds number.

   

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