There are many cases of criminal where some biometrics factors difficult to be identified and the photo image of a suspect is not available. Therefore, facial sketch recognition system to identify suspects face from sketches is very important to assist the process of investigation. Main purpose of this research is to get the best facial sketch recognition system by comparing the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curve using local-feature based approach and appearance-based approach. Based on the experiments, the ROC curve proves that local-feature based approach using LFDA framework [1] show better recognition result with less error rate than appearance-based approach. Local-feature based implemented inside facial sketch recognition system return between 85% to 90% accuracy rates against good quality viewed sketches.

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Malaria is one of the malignant diseases which can be found in a tropical climate country like Indonesia. Automated malaria detection using host blood samples is an important approach to improve time efficiency for diagnosing the disease and giving the treatment as soon as possible. This automated detection uses a thin blood smears microphotograph which is stained using a Giemsa stain as input material. Furthermore the microphotograph is proceed using image processing algorithm which consists of image pre-processing, image thresholding using Otsu method, blood cell segmentation, suspected erythrocyte classification, and plasmodium classification. Two stages of classification are used in plasmodium classification by observing the size of object and the intensity supported by the Bayes classifier. The output from this program is expected to determine the plasmodium species of human plasmodium i.e. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium viva, and Plasmodium ovale.

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Recent years, the volume of data is increasing rapidly. There is a huge of information available that lead to extremely large datasets. Most of data comes in unstructured forms such as Twitter, Face book, Blogs, and others. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a way to organize data. However, large dataset leads to the complex formal lattice and becomes unreadable. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are used to reduce the high dimension of data. This method is able to be used with both fuzzy and crisp formal contexts. In order to select principal components, we combine two rules; first rule is we use Cumulative Explained Variance Fraction and second rule is we examine Cattell’s Scree Graph. This method is compared with other methods using Edit Distance measurement that quantify the distance between original lattice and reduced lattices.

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In the 21st Century, a key challenge in both wild and cultured fish populations for control and management of disease is to securely and consistently perform pathogen identification. To provide automated accurate classification for the challenging Gyrodactylus species, we introduce an ensemble based majority voting approach for their classification. In this system, an ensemble classification approach is created that utilizes a combination of multiple feature sets and classifiers for Gyrodactylus species identification. The classifier base makes use of K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) approaches; with three different feature sets used for successful multi-species classification, considering 25 point-to-point data measurements, as well as smaller feature sets chosen using different feature selection techniques. The results show that our proposed ensemble based approach is accurate and robust, with ensemble based majority voting of classifiers and feature sets together found to be more effective than only combining feature sets.

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A significant deficiency in the existing state-of-the-art for the reconstruction of metabolic pathways is the ability to associate genes and proteins to the transport reactions that move specific compounds across the membranes of the cell. This paper presents TransATH, which stands for Transporters via ATH (Annotation Transfer by Homology), a system which automates Saiers protocol and includes the computation of subcellular localization and improves the computation of transmembrane segments. The choice of thresholds for the parameters of TransATH is investigated to determine optimal performance as defined by a gold standard set of transporters and non-transporters from S. cerevisiae. We demonstrate TransATH on the fungal genome of A. niger CBS 513.88 and evaluates the correctness of TransATH using the curated information in AspGD (the Aspergillus Database). A website for TransATH is available for use.

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While tone mapping operation of high dynamic range (HDR) images for realistic display is commonly researched, scientific visualization for analyzing scene luminance within HDR image has much less attention from researches. This paper has presented and implemented an approach for the reproduction and visualization of the colour information in HDR images. We attempt several simple color visualizing functions, and estimate their effectiveness through the evaluation factors with common HDR images. The experimental result shows that sigmoidal mapping function is better performance in the visualization, compared to other approaches.

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This paper aims to show the performance of a researcher from their published articles. Our software crawled 10 (ten) most cited articles on the Google Scholar (GS), Mendeley and CrossRef with several of crawling methods. The method used in data retrieval is scrapping due to the limitations on the Application Programming Interface (API) provided by the Google search engine. To retrieve the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) data from Crossref, the API method has been used. In order to count the number of reader of paper on the Mendeley we used the API method. We used the R programming language, Python and Bash scripting shell. The operating system was based on Ubuntu 8.04 Linux and Mac OS. The Apache webserver were used to serve the website and we used the MySQL database to store the data. The database of MySQL is used for interfacing between R with the PHP language purposes. The Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is used for server-side scripting. Data was obtained by scrapping the best 10 articles from 100 Indonesia’s scientists indexed on the GS. Firstly, the data samples (S’) were obtained from the list of Indonesian scientists in Webometrics as the input of the GS scrapping. Secondly, the data resulted (S’’) were used as the input of the Crossref’s API query to obtain the DOI of each article. Finally, the DOIs were used as the input for the API query to get the number of the result to show the number of readers of each to article on Mendeley. The software produced can crawl the data from Google Scholar, Crossref and Mendeley reader count.

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The purpose of the research is to implement a device that functions as a real-time display of the estimated arrival time of the yellow bus in University of Indonesia. The device uses an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller based on Arduino platform as its main controller, and utilizes GPRS-based connection to transmit the data to the server. The system fetches the data of the calculated estimation arrival time of the Yellow Bus for each bus stop. The information will be updated periodically by the server. The testing results show that the success rate of the data-fetching was 99.6% for the duration of 23:53 until 02:46, and 99.7% for the duration of 07:24 until 09:43. The average usage of GPRS quota was 10.3 MB for a period of 10 days. Finally, the device’s additional function for maintenance and debugging by utilizing SMS service has been proved to work properly.

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The focus of neuroscience research over the years has been to understand how neurons respond to a variety of stimuli and communicate with each other and to construct models that attempt to predict responses to similar stimuli. Findings have been used for establishing better treatments for human diseases like, epilepsy, stroke and Alzheimer's. This in turn has also been helpful in designing appropriate prosthetic devices. The recent advances in multiple-electrode recording and computational capacity have made it possible to study the simultaneous spiking activity of multiple neurons. A systematic analysis and understanding of simultaneous spike recording of multiple neurons using computational algorithms offers new promise for investigating some of the fundamental questions concerning how the brain works. This research contributes to this growing literature through using new datasets and computational techniques. In this paper, we develop a computational algorithm to estimate the neural connections of a simulated neuronal network data of 10 cultured neurons obtained from the MLBio+ Lab at George Mason University. The inferred brain network derived from the algorithm was then compared using statistical techniques such as RMSE and MAE with observed truth data which mimic actual functioning of the brain. The results suggest that average error between truth and simulated network decreases as the number of time steps increases. This means, longer it takes between the stimuli and firing of neuronal responses, the closer we get to the optimal network. This type of research is very relevant as it can help neuroscientists design complex experiments and as a consequence, answer some of the key on the functioning of the brain.

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Clustering the time course data using basic conventional clustering methods often, present computational challenges and most algorithms are porn error when dealing with such data structures. Thus, the aim of this study is to introduce an integrated semi-supervised model for clustering time course gene expression data. The proposed model implement four series approximation to account for the periodic gene expression; AR(1) mixed random effect to account for the auto correlated data structure for time course gene expression and rejection controlled EM algorithm to minimize the computational cost during m-step. The interest of the proposed method is illustrated by its application to yeast cell life cycle dataset. Simulation results indicate the proposed method to cluster the various genes expression to their correct profiles. Further empirical comparison indicates the proposed method to outperform the HMRF-Kmean with 0.154 error rate; 0. 785 rand index and 0.592 adjusted rand index. Therefore, integrating the Fourier series approximation, AR (1) random effect model and rejection controlled EM algorithm the proposed model provides a more reliable and robust method for clustering time-course data since the model allows for the correlation among observations at different time points.

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The paper presents some advanced high performance (HPC) and parallel computing (PC) methodologies for solving a large space complex problem involving the integrated difference research areas. About eight interdisciplinary problems will be accurately solved on multiple computers communicating over the local area network. The mathematical modeling and a large sparse simulation of the interdisciplinary effort involve the area of science, engineering, biomedical, nanotechnology, software engineering, agriculture, image processing and urban planning. The specific methodologies of PC software under consideration include PVM, MPI, LUNA, MDC, OpenMP, CUDA and LINDA integrated with COMSOL and C++/C. There are different communication models of parallel programming, thus some definitions of parallel processing, distributed processing and memory types are explained for understanding the main contribution of this paper. The matching between the methodology of PC and the large sparse application depends on the domain of solution, the dimension of the targeted area, computational and communication pattern, the architecture of distributed parallel computing systems (DPCS), the structure of computational complexity and communication cost. The originality of this paper lies in obtaining the complex numerical model dealing with a large scale partial differential equation (PDE), discretization of finite difference (FDM) or finite element (FEM) methods, numerical simulation, high-performance simulation and performance measurement. The simulation of PDE will perform by sequential and parallel algorithms to visualize the complex model in high-resolution quality. In the context of a mathematical model, various independent and dependent parameters present the complex and real phenomena of the interdisciplinary application. As a model executes, these parameters can be manipulated and changed. As an impact, some chemical or mechanical properties can be predicted based on the observation of parameter changes. The methodologies of parallel programs build on the client-server model, slave-master model and fragmented model. HPC of the communication model for solving the interdisciplinary problems above will be analyzed using a flow of the algorithm, numerical analysis and the comparison of parallel performance evaluations. In conclusion, the integration of HPC, communication model, PC software, performance and numerical analysis happens to be an important approach to fulfill the matching requirement and optimize the solution of complex interdisciplinary problems.

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The efficiency of spectrum in mobile and wireless network might be achieved by exploiting the technical specification within the spectrum itself, and by introducing the new technical mechanism called network virtualization. The latter emphasis's the enhancement of control and user planes of the network rather than utilize the spectrum. This research work focuses on the network virtualization, particularly on virtualizing the network elements in LTE-based core network (Evolved Packet Core EPC). A design of network virtualization is built from the end-user to the core network, which includes all the functionality of the network elements. The EPC is assumed as the main core network system, while the 2G/3G/4G systems are as client stations. Testing, measurement and performance analysis are done by developing a testbed of cloud network in the Local Area Network where the access rate is up to 100 Mbps. Subsequently, the traffic loads of 0 Mbps, 10 Mbps, 50 Mbps, 75 Mbps, and 100 Mbps, based on TCP and UDP transport protocols, are generated into the testbed. All elements of the EPC-LTE on this testbed (i.e., HSS, MME, S-GW, P-GW and PCRF) are logically separated from one another in a cloud network. Two parameters of Quality of Service (QoS), i.e., jitter and delay, are used as performance parameters. Based on the test and measurement it is found that the highest value of jitter and delay are 26.87 ms and 6.53 ms respectively, when network is loaded with traffic at 100Mbps. From the results, it can be concluded that the network virtualization can be implemented.

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The present study describes a dynamic system that can be used in a three- dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture environment which promotes new microvessel formation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in this study to form the inner lining of the microvessel, guided by the dynamic flow produced by our system within a 3D matrix made from fibrin. A 2D environment was used as a comparison. The dynamic flow was set to produce 5, 10, 15 or 20 dynes/cm2 shear stress to the cells in culture. Cultured HUVECs were observed for the increase in cell numbers and formation of microvessels. Cells cultured after 2 days demonstrated an increase in cell numbers when subjected to 10dynes/cm2 or more. By day 4, cells appeared to have altered morphologies and were oriented towards the direction of fluid flow. From the fluorescence images observed, it became apparent that there were microvascular channels forming in the 3D cultures. Our dynamic flow system appears to influence endothelial cells to promote microvascular formations in a 3D environment.

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CFRP composite structures offer a noteworthy weight lessening over traditional aluminum-alloy semi-monocoque airplanes. This weight lessening enhances the fuel effectiveness of the aerial vehicle by around 20%, which results in a cost sparing in fuel. In this paper introduced a contrasting option to CFRP. Aluminum lithium alloy 2195 with FSW (Friction Stir Welding) is acquainted as a successful option to CFRP structures. The "tough skin" monocoque plan is examined. An old WWII Reggiane 2005 has been upgraded both to CFRP and 2195-FSW. The outcome is a further reduction in weight much more important for different perspectives, as large scale manufacturing cost, reparability and environmental impact. The choice of the Reggiane 2005 is because of the complete knowledge on the original flying machine geometry and burdens. This outcome can be straightforwardly exchanged to larger aerial structures. On a pure mass premise, the advantage of the CFRP Reggiane 2005 is extremely light over the monocoque 2195-FWS. However, the monocoque structure is advantaged in the mounting of accessories. In fact, aluminum alloy structures can be easily machined with extreme precision and modifications can be introduced with extreme flexibility both in the design and the prototyping phase. On the contrary, way CFRP structures are extremely difficult to work and to modify. The though skin and the protected structure approach give approximately the same results. However, the though skin approach has the advantage of easier production technique. On the maintenance and disposal point of view the 2195-FSW structure has larger advantages [1-5].

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In this paper, an experiment is conducted to optimize the kerf width of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) on Aluminum hybrid composite with Zinc coated brass wire using Taguchi method. Aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) find several applications due to their improved mechanical properties for a wide variety of aerospace and automotive applications. The hybrid composite (Al6061/Sic/Graphite) is prepared by stir casting route. Parameters considered for this study is pulse on time, pulse off time ,peak current, gap set voltage, wire feed and wire tension. Taguchi orthogonal method is used to design the experiment (L27). In this analysis of results shows that kerf width is mostly influenced by the peak current.

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Many developing countries like Indonesia have a serious road accident problem. Traffic accidents data in 2014 was recorded 95,906 cases that resulted in 28,297 people died, 26,840 people serious injuries, and 109,741 people slightly injuries. There are 108,883 accidents involving motorcyclists. Various attempts have been made to reduce the number of traffic accidents. One of the parameters to perform cost-benefit analysis of the program conducted the necessary value of the accidents cost. The aims of this study is to analysis traffic accidents cost using Gross Output Method and determining the value of an equivalent accident number based on accident cost. The research location is in Purbalingga, Indonesia using accident data from 2010-2012. The accident cost analysis based on the casualty severity of accidents is fatality, serious injury, slight injury, and Property Damage Only (PDO). Components of accident costs include costs to repair vehicle, loss of productivity, medical expenses, administrative expenses, and cost of pain, grief and suffering as well as the costs incurred by family. Casualty accident costs by severity type fatality is IDR263,025,680.96; serious injury is IDR12,066,000; slightly injury is IDR1, 904, 312.87, and PDO is IDR1, 562, 909.09. Total accident cost in Purbalingga was estimated IDR27, 582, 518,750 or 0.38% of the gross domestic product. Equivalent accident number using conversion accident cost Fatality: Serious-injury: Slight-injury: PDO = 168:8:2:1.

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In this paper, we propose a new method to solve networking problems under an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. We use triangular Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers to represent activity duration in the project network. We obtain the intuitionistic fuzzy critical path for the project network using a new type of arithmetic operations and a ranking function on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Numerical example is provided to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

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The article considers some opportunities of perspective nuclear power development which being guarantee of branch competitiveness in the internal and external markets, make essential impact on formation of national economy safety potential. In the conditions of an unstable environment of the raw markets the nuclear power strengthens the priority in system of instruments of increase of an economical and political statehood in the world community. Accumulation of construction speed of nuclear power plants around the world actualizes problems of search of nuclear fuel rational use ways. At the same time reduction of highly profitable fields of uranium and a suspension of development of uranium mining assets by leading enterprises is observed now. Besides, there is a problem of ensuring safe storage of spent fuel. As one of the most perspective modern innovative projects of the development of nuclear power directed to the specified problems solution, authors of article consider creation and operation of multi-purpose research nuclear installation on fast neutrons (MBIR) in the long term. The work represents advantages of this project intended for carrying out a wide range of the researches directed to scientific and experimental search of opportunities and results of use of perspective types of fuel, closed nuclear cycle strategy, researches with use of radioactive radiation, etc. It is proved that use of opportunities of MBIR Reactor will allow to solve problems of resource provision, economic security, competitiveness increase of not only branch productions, but also national research platforms. The research, technological and economic advantages of this installation allowing to create the safe highly effective research reactor that will significantly increase the level of knowledge intensity of nuclear branch production are opened and systematized and will provide economic efficiency of the project.

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In this study, a manually-operated mechanical dry corn picker utilizing bucket conveyor is designed and developed using locally available materials. This post-harvest device will help farmers in reducing of labor, time and cost in collecting dry corn during solar drying, hence, improving the production efficiency. Evaluation of the acceptability of the device in terms of functionality, safety, structure and efficiency was shown to be acceptable as assessed by randomly selected respondents.

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Partial Discharges (PD) are recognized as one of the main causes of degradation of internal insulation of power equipment and its subsequent failure in high voltage equipment. In most real-time applications such as extruded cables, Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) etc., polymeric insulation systems which invariably used. It is necessary and demand to detect even very low levels of PD pulse discharge and it becomes imperative that improved PD measurement systems capable of accurately detecting and acquiring pulse are utilized for diagnosis. Hence, from the perspective of practical on-site PD measurement and analysis, several non-conventional PD detection and measurement techniques are increasing being utilized. It necessitates meaningful measures to ensure appropriate noise detection and its removal. Detection and analysis of PD signals are significantly influenced by a variety of sources of noise during on-site measurement. Different types of noise interferences affect the measurement of PD signals which includes discrete spectral interference, repetitive pulses from power electronics components, amplifier noises etc. This research survey presents an overview of the state of the art of various PD detection and de-noising in detailed perspective and insight into the various PD detection and measurement techniques. Also this paper presents the appropriate methods to extract the PD pulses from various types of noises. In addition, a substantially exhaustive compendium of findings reported by several researchers has been carried out and a comprehensive summary of various types of noises and interference signals during measurement of PD including a specific benefits and limitations of various de-noising methods to extract PD pulses from noisy data are discussed in this research survey.

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The most significant factor affecting automatic voice biometric performance is the variation in the signal characteristics, due to speaker-based variability, conversation-based variability and technology variability. These variations give great challenge in accurately modeling and verifying a speaker. To solve this variability effects, the cross match (CM) technique is proposed to provide a speaker model that can adapt to variability over periods of time. Using limited amount of enrollment utterances, a client barcode is generated and can be updated by cross matching the client barcode with new data. Furthermore, CM adds the dimension of multimodality at the fusion-level when the similarity score from CM can be fused with the score from the default speaker modeling. The scores need to be normalized before the fusion takes place. By fusing the CM with continuous Hidden Markov Model (CHMM), the new adapted model gave significant improvement in identification and verification task, where the equal error rate (EER) decreased from 6.51% to 1.23% in speaker identification and from 5.87% to 1.04% in speaker verification. EER also decreased over time (across five sessions) when the CM is applied. The best combination of normalization and fusion technique methods is piecewise-linear method and weighted sum.

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In this study, used cooking oil is utilized as an alternative cooking fuel resource. A survey was conducted to selected major food chains and restaurant in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. Survey results revealed that generation of used cooking oil in these selected establishments on a weekly basis is considerably huge in volume. Modifications have been made to a commercially available pressurized kerosene stove taking into consideration the characteristics of the used cooking oil. The cooking performance of the modified stove using used cooking oil as fuel was then investigated.

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The major part of this paper is on challenges to predicting the ratio of settlement under the toe of embankment (a), outer side embankment (b) and the center of embankment (c). This study uses several variables such as the depth and characteristic of soft soil layer in accordance with the soft soil in Surabaya Indonesia, the width of embankment and the height of embankment. Those variable uses to compare the ratio of settlement depend on those variables. This research was conducted by several empirical approaches to obtain the value of compression index (Cc). The swelling index (Cs) of the soil is made of variation between 1/5-1/10 Cc. The results obtained from this study are the settlement ratio of a/c with soil depth of 10 meters is 0.22 and the soil depth of 20 meters is 0.27. The settlement ratio of b/c if the soil depth of 10 meters is 0.87 and the soil depth of 20 meters is 0.82. The study results showed that the empirical formula of ratio (a/c) is y = 0.0047x + 0.1729; ratio (b/c) is y = -0.0046x +0.9121.

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Advancement in Micro-Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) and the devices which required low power are very popular and these are used in many applications but there is major problem for the actuation of these devices because they requires very small amount of power, also many times these devices are not in physical contact with surrounding environment so it is very difficult to supply power to these devices. Many times it is not suitable to supply power using batteries. This paper presents the design of power supplying devices to MEMS and low power devices. This power supplying devices generate power from vibration which are common in many household application and industrial operations, these vibrations can be converted into electrical energy and can be used for actuation of MEMS devices. This paper presents study of different vibration energy conversion systems like electromagnetic, piezoelectric and electrostatic conversion system. By comparing these systems it is observed that electromagnetic conversion system produce large amount of output power. The system is designed in Catia V5 and which consist of three magnets and four coils. Then static, modal, harmonic analysis were carried out at different boundary conditions. Induced voltage is validated with the help of Electromagnetic analysis carried out in Ansys Maxwell. During experimentation, if this system is vibrated at about 11.5 Hz vibration frequency, then each coil produce output voltage of about 8.5 V i.e. it will produce nearly 24.65 mW of power and total power of 98.6 mW.

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In present paper, the principles of vibroacoustic diagnostics of precision machining parts made of hard-to-cut materials using cutting tools with ceramic cutting element are described. The series of experiments show the sensitivity of vibroacoustic signal to the cutting process parameters variation. The block diagram of newly designed information measuring unit used for implementation of vibroacoustic diagnostic principles in precision machining is provided.

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WiMAX is a standard based on wireless technology that provides high throughput broadband connections over long distance. This technology can be used for numerous applications, including “last mile” broadband connections, hotspots and high-speed connectivity for business customers. This research paper has been conducted with cooperation with Palestinian’s Cellular Communication Co (Jawwal). The objective of this study is to propose an approach to design a network on the latest standard of WiMAX namely (IEEE 802.16e) in addition to apply network dimensioning and planning in Nablus city. In this paper a review of WiMAX technology and focusing on 802.16e standard is discussed, A design approach was developed to help network planner in their work, this approach was summarized in a simple flow chart. As a case study, a network based on this technology was designed for Nablus city. The number of subscriber was calculated for each district area and plotted in a clutter map. The Building Penetration Losses for each type of area were modeled using several measurements conducted as a part of this work. The design outcome such as number of base stations and there geographical locations and there corresponding distribution also stated.

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Cloud computing is an evolving model to deliver the resources in a convenient way from a pool of resources. With minimal interaction of provider, the resources are assigned to the user as an on-demand basis. For all kinds of web-based services, cloud computing provides a platform. Virtualization plays a major role in the cloud computing environment. Virtualization offers many benefits than real physical machine implementation. Even though plenty of benefits offered by virtualization, it brings several security vulnerabilities. This paper presents the mitigation techniques of various virtualization techniques.

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Nonlinear optical properties of Rhodamine 6G dye doped epoxy resin with Al2O3 nanoparticle at different concentration were studied by using EZ-scan technique to evaluate the nonlinear parameters such as nonlinear absorption coefficient (ß), nonlinear index of refraction (n2) and the third order optical nonlinearity. The samples with the nanoparticle exhibit negative sign of the nonlinear refractive index n2 indicates that the samples exhibit self-defocusing optical nonlinearity. The samples with nanoparticle showed reverse saturation absorption (RSA) in open EZ-scan. The nonlinear refractive index n2, the nonlinear absorption coefficient ß and the third-order optical susceptibility (3) values are of the order of 10-9 cm2/W, (1-4) cm/W and 10-6 V2/m2 respectively.

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The objective of this work is to design a translation machine which can translate English text to Indian Sign Language glosses. A number of rule based approaches are identified in this regard, but our approach is based on statistical machine translation for ISL by using a corpus. The corpus is prepared by collecting glosses and sentences used in Indian Railways for announcement and conversation in public assistance counters. We have experimented this translation with the word based translation model. The methodologies are implemented by the tool MOSES.

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Unsteady laminar free convection flow past a vertical cone with non-uniform surface heat flux varying as a power function of the distance from the apex of the cone ( x = 0 ) under viscous dissipation effect is presented here. Here is the exponent in power law variation of the surface heat flux and a is a constant. The unsteady, coupled and non-linear dimensionless partial differential governing equations of the flow are solved using a Network Simulation Method. The effect of viscous dissipation with various parameters Prandtl number , and the exponent for the velocity and temperature profiles have been studied and are analyzed graphically. The local as well as average skin-friction and Nusselt number are also analyzed graphically. The present results are compared with available results in literature and are found to be in excellent agreement.

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This article contains the results of modelling and researching the parameterization of DC-DC-converters, in particular, a converter output stage as a controlled object of the automatic control system. This research is focused on deriving the mathematical models of DC-DC-converters and their analysis. The operational analysis of a down DC-DC-converter frequency domain was made. The main part of a converter is a low pass filter (LPF). Unipolar pulse sequence is supplied in the LPF input. Output stage parameters are chosen by analyzing the signal spectrum components and the analytic form of a LPF transfer function. The research was made on the basis of various filter circuits: RC-circuit and RLC-circuit. There also made an operational analysis of a down DC-DC-converter in the time domain. Electronic switches were used for deriving a voltage source. Electronic switches are controlled by two pulse patterns. The research deals with organizing control modes of electronic switches. Difference equation systems, which describe a DC-DC converter operation, are given. This converter was modelled by means of the Miro-Cap circuit analysis program. The derived voltage and current waveforms of a DC-DC-converter with diode and transistor switches are given.

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Inrecentyears, development of applied mathematical method sin various spheres of economy included the principles of research borrowed from natural sciences: evolution, selection, and adaptation. These principles allow viewing the systems as self-organizing and self-adapting to changes of external environment. Attraction of principles of development of live organisms in the study of socio-economic systems allowed studying these systems in view of complex dynamics of their functioning in time. As of now, dynamics methods of forecasting and dynamic forecasting are paid a lot of attention in Russia and abroad. Based on the method of statistical identification, which uses the theory of self-organizing systems, the authors build a many-factor model of interconnection between car transport and its system of study. The article views principles and the technology of development of this model and describes stages of its creation. The initial information for the model is given in the form of a range of average annual parameters of functioning of car transport and its informational provision, including the complex of parameters of the system of training (incoming parameters), system of management of car transport, and outgoing parameters.

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Privacy concerns may come from different perspectives such as data violation or invasion via communication tools. Therefore, policy has been built to improve people trust and reduce privacy concern. Research shows privacy concern could impact the decision in revealing personal health information via the web. The aim of this research is to assess the level of privacy concerns and intention in disclosing health information online in Malaysia. The scope of the study focuses on privacy concern and its association with intention to reveal or disclose health relevant information to one identified e-government health website in Malaysia among Malaysian citizen. The research used a mix-method approach. Sample of 300 respondents have been gathered for the quantitative approach and five key informants were used in the qualitative approach. The descriptive result shows that there are different levels of privacy concerns exist among Malaysian. In addition, the intention to disclose health information also varies among Malaysian. Qualitative results provide qualitative data on pertinent matters related to data privacy concerns. Future research includes investigating other factors such as culture that may influence the privacy concern among Malaysian.

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The frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic radio is crowded day by day due to the expansion in wireless devices and applications. It has been additionally found that the allocated spectrum is underutilized as a result of the static portion of the spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) allows for usage of licensed frequency bands by unlicensed users. These unlicensed users need to monitor the spectrum continuously to avoid possible interference with the licensed users. Spectrum usage regulations not permitting unlicensed users to authorized in a licensed spectrum. It has been seen that the whole licensed spectrum is not used at all places constantly. An unlicensed user can exploit advantage of such a situation to communicate thereby increasing spectrum efficiency. This is the fundamental thought behind Cognitive Radio. Demand for spectrum is expected to increasing rapidly and it would get in future. As more and more technologies are moving towards fully wireless, demand for spectrum is enhancing. In this paper, a proposed adaptive CR detection system is designed based on statistical features using neural network (multi layer perceptron) for intermediate frequency stage. Matlab simulation program is used to obtain the results. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed CR detection systems, different modulated digital signals (2FSK, 4FSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM) are generated at low SNR values. Multilayer perceptron is better than single layer due to their speed and nonlinearity solving problem. This is clearly seen in the obtained results such as Pd =100% for Pf=0.1 at SNR= -16dB, also Pd=90% at SNR= -40 dB and 95% at SNR= - 24dB with sensing time ?10?^(-4) sec at AWGN noisy channel.

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Traffic accident is one of the serious problems faced by the Indonesian Government. The traffic accident rate in Indonesia is still considerably high. In 2014, 28,297 people died in traffic accidents, 26,840 people serious-injury and 109,741 people slight-injury. The aim of this research is to identify black spot location and equivalent accident number using Upper Control Limit (UCL) method. The study location is in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia. Database of traffic accidents from January 2010 to December 2013 were obtained from Purbalingga Police. The results showed that the equivalent accident number for death victims or fatality is 10, a serious injury is 4.25, a slight injury is 2.33, and property damaged only is 1. Seven roads have weighted accident number value greater than the upper control limit value and identified as a black spot location. Black spot location in Purbalingga district are Jln. Raya turut Desa Bojongsari, Jln. Raya turut Desa Jetis, Jln. Raya Bayeman, Desa Tlahab Lor; Jln. Raya Mayjend. Sungkono, Blater; Jln. Raya turut Desa Penaruban; Jln. Raya turut Desa Kembangan and Jln. Raya turut Desa Gembong.

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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an important technology that is widely used in many applications. Routing discovery and route maintenance are important issues in MANET. Broadcasting is used in a MANET to discover a route in on-demand routing protocols. Establishment and regular maintenance of a route represent the challenges issue. Therefore, nodes require to broadcast control packets among themselves. This situation leads to broadcast storm problem, which increases overhead of control packets and decreases the performance of the network. In this paper, the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Victor (AODV) routing protocol is used for implementing the propose scheme, namely AODV–Packet Timing Information (PTI), to reduce the unnecessary control packets for discovery routing. In addition, the proposed AODV-PTI scheme reduced the network overhead. Network Simulation version 2.35 (NS2.35) was used to compare the proposed scheme with AODV routing protocol in terms end-to-end delay, average throughput, packet delivery ratio, and packet overhead ratio.

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The power speed reduction unit (PSRU) is the device that is loaded by the generating unit and the thrusters. Propeller induced, gyroscopic and inertia loads are extremely important for PRSU bearing selection and life evaluation. Engine powers become easily a secondary factor for bearings and housing design. For this reason, it is important to select the best bearing assembly for the specific application with the required propeller. After a general discussion about PRSU and housing design, a very simplified method for bearing life calculation is introduced in this paper. It is based on similar, proven and extremely successful design of existing PRSUs. This method compares the life of this design with the new one. Aerobatics and general aviation loads are also compared. This paper demonstrates that the selection of a CFRP fixed pitch propeller for aerobatics keeps the load approximately to the same level of a general aviation aircraft. This is true in the case of plywood-reinforced off-the-shelf propeller for the general aviation load history. Aluminum alloy propellers are to be discarded for aerobatic use [1-2].

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Semantic Search and Information Retrieval forms an integral part of various Search Engines in use. Famous search engines such as, Yahoo, Google, Lycos etc. use the concept of semantic search, where the only comparator for the objects under study is semantic similarity between the objects. The general method involves document-to-document similarity search. This sort of search involves the sequential search of documents one after the other, which involves numerous noise effects. An efficient way of improving this technique is the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI). LSI maps the words under study on a conceptual space. The conceptual space depends on the queries and the document collection. It uses a mathematical function to figure out the similarity between the words, something called as Singular Value Decomposition. It utilizes the words under study and the ones that are being compared and produces appropriate results. The results obtained are free of semantics like synonymy, polysemy etc. Integrating Word Net, a large lexical database of English language is an efficient way to increase the search result. The word under consideration is linked to the application and the semantic similarities of the word are found out. Documents similar to these similarities are then indexed and listed. The proposed model is tested with standard set of Forum for Information Retrieval (FIRE) documents and a comparison with the term based search has been done.

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In the revocation scheme for stateless receivers, the center delivers information securely to the authorized users over a public channel, where the receivers do not update their state from session to session. This paper presents a view of multimedia Conditional Access Systems (CAS) one-way broadcasting and suggests a new approach. The proposed approach is an efficient revocation scheme for stateless receivers. It reduces the number of private keys used in traditional CAS and number of encryptions as it does not need to encrypt the ciphering keys. Furthermore, the presented approach eliminates the proposed key refreshment presented in (Zhang, Yang, Liu, Tian, 2009) and (Koo, Kwon, & Kim, 2005). The researchers applied the proposed system using AES algorithm. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.

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Applying vapor injection to refrigeration compressors may improve the heating capacity and COP. However, a small scroll compressor may not be commercialized due to the increase of the internal leakage and the production costs. In this study, a compact scroll compressor was considered to apply vapor injection for the improvement of the cycle efficiency. To this end, the performance of the compressor was numerically analyzed with vapor injection. The results show that vapor injection is still applicable to relatively small refrigerant compressors resulting in increased cooling capacity and COP.

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Long term monitoring and measurement of bio signals requires new techniques that promise light weight devices consuming low power and are maintenance free. The basic block in processing analog signal happens to be operational trans-conductance amplifier (OTA) and the design of sub-threshold OTA for low voltage low frequency applications consuming less power is proposed. With an operating voltage of 0.5V the gain achieved is 58dB and CMRR of 88.5dB. The input referred noise is measured as 1.159µV and the power consumption has 620nW. The circuit was implemented in 0.18µm technology using Cadence tool.

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The last ten years have seen important developments of massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) in wireless communication. Massive MIMO has currently been presented in the 5G wireless standards. The number of terminals is increasing with additional appliances. At the same time, high transmission sum rates and communication reliability are required. Moreover, the multi-cell MMSE scheme, which includes an uplink MMSE and MRT precoder. Furthermore, this paper focuses how the MMSE activities all obtainable pilots for interference suppression. Specifically, this paper investigates the spectral efficiency of the massive MIMO, pilot contamination, which MMSE exploits all available pilots for interference suppression, and estimated locally at every BS, to actively suppress both intra-cell and inter-cell interference. Consequently, the average sum rate is proportional with SINR, using the linear scheme all of MMSE, ZF and optimal MMSE, while the sum rate is reverse proportional with linear precoding MRT. Then, when the number of base stations increases, the linear schemes MMSE, ZF and optimal MMSE have more convergence, while when the number of BS decreases the linear precoding schemes only have convergence except for MRT. However, at high SNR a higher number of antennas achieve better than a low number of antennas.

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There are seven airports in Indonesia with production of cargo very high i.e.: Soekarno-Hatta Airport, Sentani Airport, Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, Kuala Namu Airport, Hang Nadim Airport, Juanda Airport, and Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. The airfreight distribution in Indonesia spread unevenly. The solutions for freight shipments problem is evaluate the hub and spoke airport networks. The flight route in Indonesia has not been fully developed in accordance with the concept of hubs and spokes. The aim of this paper is to analysis the hub and spoke airport in Indonesia based on freight ratio and percentage of annual passenger boarding and cargo volume according to Federal Aviation Administration. The freight ratio value for domestic flight from thirty-four airports 0.443 to 75.564 kg per passenger. Sentani Airport in Jayapura has the highest of freight ratio value and the category as a freight interest airport or cargo interest. The freight ratio value for international flight from nineteen airports 0.182 to 48.306 kg per passenger. Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman (Sepinggan) International Airport in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan has the highest of freight ratio value and the category as a freight interest airport or cargo interest. Total of cargo production for domestic flight is 754,422,165 kg. The percentage of cargo production for domestic flight from thirty-four airports in Indonesia is 0.003% to 38.229%. Total of cargo production for international flight is 370,240,491 kg. The percentage of cargo production for international flight is 0.002% to 88.162%. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport has the highest of percentage of cargo production. The percentage of cargo volume in Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is 38.229% for domestic flight and 88.162% for international flight.

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This paper proposes the content based classification and retrieval of images using Visual bag of Features and adaboost classifier. The Visual bag of Features has been extracted from the input images and then the visual bag of features is classified using the adaboost classifier algorithm. The proposed algorithm greatly reduces the Storage cost and efficient search using the inverted data structure. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is tested with Mean Opinion Score (MOS).

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The present paper put forward efficient content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system by extracting structural, texture and local features from images. The local features are extracted from local directional pattern (LDP). The LDP produces a steady local edge response in the presence of noise, illumination changes. The LDP coded image is converted in to a ternary pattern image based on a threshold. The structural features are derived by extracting textons on the “local directional ternary pattern (LDTP”) image. The texture features are derived by constructing grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) on the derived texton image. Image retrieval results on various data base images based on various classifiers have proved the discrimination power of the proposed method over existing methods.

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We propose a computer-based automatic system of electric power prices processing and finding an optimal price level for renewable electric energy produced in USA. We implement classical Markowitz portfolio theory to electric energy prices in all regions of USA. For given margin volatility we find shares of electric power that should be bought in different US regions for making K.W.H. as cheap as possible for US residents.

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The purpose of this paper is to focus on the design of casings for aircrafts and helicopters PSRU (Power Speed Reduction Unit). This paper introduces a rigorous and practical design procedure for gearboxes. The work starts from the experience of the Authors in Formula 1 and Aircraft gearboxes. For certification, safety and durability reasons, aircraft and helicopter gearboxes did not have the same development rate of the Formula 1 counterparts. A brief history of Formula 1 PRSU/gearboxes forms the first part of this paper. This part includes also an introduction to material and manufacturing technologies. Then the modal analysis of the gearbox is discussed, along with the influence of tolerances and operating temperatures. Then cooling is briefly introduced. The gear train is focus of the PSRU. Proper gear meshing in any load and environmental condition is the main requirement of the PSRU. Unfortunately gears and transmissions are the source of many forcing time-varying forces that act on the housing. This forces not only vary with tolerances, temperatures and loads, but also with wear. Therefore, a comparison of the natural frequency of the housing, the torsional critical speed of rotor system and the flexural critical speeds of each of the shafts with the exciting frequency clearly may be used to qualify the gearbox housing. A finite element modelling of the gearbox housing can be carried out to obtain its natural frequency, stress distribution and forced response. Unfortunately, the excitation frequencies vary with tolerances and operating conditions. Furthermore, in aircraft PRSUs, it is common practice to vary the transmission ratio (and the gears) in the same housing. Therefore, the housing should dampen a fairly large number of exciting frequencies. This result is obtained by curved surfaces, ribbing and double walling. This approach also reduces the noise produced by the transmission. In fact, noise radiated by a gearbox is directly related to the vibratory level of its housing. Therefore, an additional aim of this study is to analyze the transfer mechanisms between the static transmission error of a gear pair and the dynamic responses of gear and housing of a gearbox. Aerospace and Formula 1 transmissions have many similarities, with Aerospace engineers working on both sides and importing solution. The great advantage of Formula 1 gearboxes was (until the unlucky Regulations of 2010) that it was extremely easy to make experiments. This is due to the fact that all Formula 1 cars are prototypes with test pilots on board. Therefore, this paper will take advantage of the knowledge achieved in Formula 1 to transfer these data to aerospace PSRU and transmissions [1-2].

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Rheological model parameters were determined for bentonite muds treated with two local cassava starches (TMS 98/0581 and M98/0068) and an imported starch. The parameters were that of Power Law, Casson and Herschel-Bulkley models which predict the shear stress - shear strain rate relationships. Physicochemical properties were determined for the starches. Herschel-Bulkley model provided the best correlation with experimental data, while Casson model was next. Correlation between Casson and Herschel models yield stresses was good. The yield stress was found to increase with increase in temperature and behaved differently with the starches. It was found to be highest at 1.0 percent M98/0068 starch concentration in the bentonite mud system. However, the yield stress did not differ significantly for the mud system with TMS 98/0581 starch concentrations. For the imported starch, the yield stress was highest at 2.0 percent concentration at 80oF and 120oF, while it was highest at 0.5 percent at 150oF and 190oF. The yield stresses ranged between 3 and 30 Pa for the bentonite starch mud systems investigated. The model parameters predicted the shear stress - shear rate relationships for bentonite-local polymer drilling mud system and supported the utilization of the local cassava starches as drilling fluid additives.

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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play important role in the growth and stabilization of Indonesian economy. SMEs face many challenges that affect their growth and existence. However, they rarely adopt strategic management planning such as SWOT analysis that considers the external environment for opportunities and threats and internal conditions for strengths and weaknesses. SME operators are somewhat aware of the factors but many have limited understanding of how to employ the analysis. In this work, we develop “Sparta”, a SWOT analysis tool that is easy to operate by novice users. The tool has many features. A user needs only to input profile data and answer a set of questionnaire. From the answers, Sparta calculates strength and competitive posture, maps many aspects of SMEs condition into S, W, O and T categories and provides general strategies. Sparta helps doing the 8 steps of a normal SWOT analysis session so that they can be executed in approximately 15 minutes, compared to hours when doing them manually.

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Total anthocyanin content and individual anthocyanin profile of ten cultivars of muscadine grapes were assessed. Total anthocyanin content was determined by a pH differential method. Individual anthocyanins were analyzed by HPLC and their identity confirmed by HPLC-MS. The total anthocyanin content and the sum of the individual anthocyanins had a high correlation (R = 0.98). The average anthocyanin content of muscadine grapes was lower than published values for red European and other American red grapes. However, the purple muscadine grapes have anthocyanins levels that may be considered important from the nutraceutical point of view.

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In order to cope with the increase in demand for stable and high data rates among mobile users, femtocell or called as Home Evolve Node B (HeNB) has been developed to improve indoor capacity and coverage. Femtocell is a small base station aims for indoor usage such as at home or enterprise. The femtocell transmits a cellular signal that is received by mobile users then backhauled through the user’s wired broadband connection. It is very user deployed so it reduces operations cost for mobile operators, and at the same time provide a high user experiences to users. However, femtocell deployments caused interference between femtocells itself and also to the existing macrocells. This paper analyzed the interference management which are combining of Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) and Dynamic Power Control (DPC) methods by looking on the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) performance based on the proposed fraction of cell radius (rth), fraction of system bandwidth (ß) and path loss compensation factor (a) value in our previous papers. The proposed rth, ß and a are then used in the simulation model in order to analyzed the SINR performance between the proposed method and the conventional method. The simulation results showed that the proposed method gives the higher values of SINR and show that there is a significant reducing of interference occurrence compared to the conventional method.

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