The experimental results indicate the possibility of obtaining on the surface of the aluminum alloy layers, modified by alloying with electron-beam technology, significantly increases its wear resistance. Such layers obtained thanks to the initiation of exothermic chemical reactions between substrate and deposited on it a thin film of titanium. In the reaction products was revealed the formation of intermetallic phases.

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In this article, a hypothetical study on the Squeeze Film attributes of Magneto Hydrodynamic Non Newtonian (MHNN) Lubrication of Porous Curved Circular Plates is presented. The higher and lower plate curve is described in exponential form and hyperbolic form respectively. A transformed Reynolds equation is obtained. The final form of result is got for pressure, squeeze film time and load carrying capacity. It is discovered that the pressure, load carrying capability and squeeze film time increase with effect of Magneto Hydrodynamic Non Newtonian (MHNN) and combined effectiveness of MHD and Couple stress fluid.

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A new design of a three fingered robotic hand has been developed and verified for a grasping task based on a set of predetermined angle position. However, the robotic hand has limitation in integrating measurement from external sensors to create its own 3D position vector’s trajectory. Therefore, it is required to create a new mathematical kinematics equation for the hand that relates between the direct joint angles and the position vector of the finger-tip in order to produce motion based on Cartesian coordinates. The study derived the kinematics based on the joint and link dimensions of Finger 1 and 3 using geometrical approach due to their different styles of motion. Simulation results verified the correctness of the equations where the proposed inverse kinematics has correctly converted the position vector of tip-end to the required motor angles of each finger joint. Consequently, the kinematics is verified to be able to provide the angle references for the position control of the motors in real-time experiment according to the varied fingertip positions. The output of this study is beneficial to the robot control when trajectory needs be generated based on sensor information. Besides, individual control of separate finger joints between the fingers could increase the grasping flexibility and be a good reference for the development of the robot arm in future study.

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A series of experiments have been conducted in order to determine the optimal concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for deposition of electrochromic nickel hydroxide films onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), using cathodic template deposition method. Fundamental physicochemical properties of electrolytes for cathodic template deposition method with different concentration of PVA have been studied. It was found that higher concentrations of PVA resulted in higher adhesion of films to FTO substrate and higher performance; however, excessive concentrations resulted in degradation of film performance. It was also found, the electrolyte viscosity is directly dependant on PVA concentration, however, no correlation between PVA concentration and conductivity have been found. A hypothesis was proposed to explain such behavior.

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Untreated slaughterhouse wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matters, suspended solids, and pathogenic microorganisms which have destroying effects on the environment. Thus, slaughterhouse wastewater should be treated properly before discharging into the environment. A pilot model was installed that consisted of three treatment stages; bioadsorption, coagulation and aeration. The first stage used Moringa oleifera seed husks and pods as a bioadsorbent. The second stage used M. oleifera seeds extract as natural coagulant and followed by the third stage (aeration stage). M. oleifera seed husks and pods proved a good ability to remove total suspended solids (TSS), total bacterial count (TBC), total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli, without significant removal of organic matters. A significant increase in organic matters represented in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations after the coagulation stage. The aeration stage succeeded to remove this occurred increase in the coagulation stage. The overall average removal percent after aeration stage were 95.68%, 95.89%, 70.15%, 82.98%m 83.91%, 90.49%, 90.58% and 88.66% for COD, BOD, TSS, TKN, TP, TBC, TC and E. coli, respectively. The obtained results indicated the suitability of using M. oleifera seed husks, pods, and extracts in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.

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The Optimum Capacitor and Distributed Generation (DG) allocation in Medium Voltage (MV) distribution network utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for selecting the optimum size and placement of (DG) units can significantly affect the distribution network. Capacitor installation is a standard method for reactive power compensation within a distribution network. The placement and sizing of the capacitor have been optimized in the distribution network for a number of capacitors with the objective of voltage profile improvement and power losses minimization. Maximum and minimum bus voltage and possible maximum capacitor size were the constraints of the optimum capacitor and sizing problem, which take into account as penalty factor (PF) within the objective function (OF) and the allocation of DG units. To solve the obtained OF, PSO and Open DSS engines were used in this research to analyze power flow results that obtained from the standard IEEE14 Bus system. The performance evaluation of PSO model was carried out by showing the results that the PSO algorithm. PSO can obtain the optimal solution of the size and location also find the optimum DG size for the loss minimization and voltage profile improvement compared to the standard case without DG and capacitor compensation. All simulations had been performed using MATLAB software.

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Domestic refrigerator is used in almost every household for preserving food, cooling water, freezing ice and many more. This research is done on a domestic refrigerator which is powered by solar panel. It is an attempt to analyze the effect of COP on a refrigerator. This experiment is conducted on a domestic refrigerator in which extra D.C. axial fans have been fitted in the back panel of refrigerator and these extra fitted fans cool the condenser faster than that of without fan. Therefore, the heat transfer from the condenser is more. In this experiment it is found that average coefficient of performance (COP) of domestic refrigerator with D.C. axial fans is higher than that of without D.C. axial fans by 0.038 in the studied range. This increment in COP is obtained due to the extra fans fitted in the back panel. It is also observed that the refrigeration effect (RE) of refrigerator with fan is about 7.02% higher than that of without fan.

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Indonesia is a tropical country, thus making Indonesia has two seasons namely the rainy season and the dry season. Utilization of nature as electrical energy in the dry season is utilized by utilizing solar heat as energy stored during the day and used or used as electricity at night. However, in the rainy season there is no utilization of energy that can be utilized or used as electrical energy. This case for the researchers intend to utilize the energy generated from the rainwater pressure that descends from the sky as compressed energy on the piezoelectric. The objective of the study was to determine the optimal conditions of the initial testing of the solar-cell part of the hybrid model. The research method used is experimental experiment on solar cell with angle and time variation to determine current, voltage and power. Results obtained by the amount of angle, time, current and voltage generated from the solar cell to be used in the hybrid model: effective time and angle that is at 12:00 Clock and 180o, with a voltage (V) of 4.75 V, current (A) of 8.5 mA and power of 0.018921 W.

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A paper presents a numerical analysis using ANSYS finite element program to develop a model for expecting the performance of seven lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete deep beams with 28 days compressive strength 26MPa and density of 1950Kg/m3 strengthened in shear by externally bonded CFRP. All beams have same dimensions (150mm width, 400mm depth and 1400mm length), longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio p=0.0115 and shear steel reinforcing F5@100mm. CFRP strips 50mm width are used for strengthening. The effective variable parameters were: a/d ratio, CFRP spacing, orientation and number of layers. The results obtained from the ANSYS finite element model got good agreement when compared to the experimental results [1] which were done for the same deep beams with the same material properties, internal reinforcement and strengthening schemes. The results show that the ultimate load and deflection predicted by numerical analysis is less than experimental results by 9% and 5.7% in average respectively. By using CFRP strips in shear strengthening, the ultimate load has increased by 18%, 13.6%, 32% and 27.3% for vertical, horizontal, inclined and double vertical layers, respectively for a/d=1. For a/d =0.8 the increase is 10% for vertical strips. It is recommended that the CFRP is placed such that the principal fiber orientation is either normal to the longitudinal beams axis or normal to the line joining the applied load and supports (strut path) to resist higher tensile stresses and strains distributed along it.

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Optical interleave division multiple access (O-IDMA) technique suits best when heavy traffic intensity and greater interfering environment. This technology has proved its supremacy on other existing multiple access technology like CDMA, OFDMA, FHSS etc. Inter-leavers play on major contribution in deciding specific users in multi user detection method. In present article random, tree and prime inter-leavers are used for measuring the efficacy estimation of O-IDMA technique. Convolutional codes, for fixed number of memory units (fixed constraint length) are incorporated in encoder architecture for estimation purpose. The code rate has been changed and BER for different users has been examined for different inter-leavers.

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The design of a photovoltaic generator is generally obtained from the energy characteristics of the solar collector and from the daily light energy that falls on its surface. The optimization of this design depends essentially on the daily sunshine rate, the size of the photovoltaic generator and the energy behavior of the associated load. This article proposes an optimization of the performances of a photovoltaic generator through a concrete evaluation of the capacity electrochemical battery to install for the supply of a 150-liter DC refrigerator. In an experimental study, we characterized the solar energy potential of the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire-West Africa) and evaluated the energy performance of a photovoltaic generator (250 Wp/100 Ah) linked to a mechanical compression refrigerator. The results showed a mean daily irradiation between 3.5 and 5 Kwh/m2 for 6.5 hours of average insolation per day and a maximum photovoltaic energy production of 48 Ah/d of the solar panel. We obtained a maximum daily consumption of 30 Ah over a cumulative period of 12 hours of operation of the motor-compressor. The balance between production and consumption has confirmed a surplus of energy generated by the solar panel that can reach 45 Ah in front of an energy demand of the motor-compressor between 4 and 8 Ah, during the period of insolation. This experimental approach allows for an improved planning of the capacity electrochemical battery to install in photovoltaic solar refrigerators.

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Accurate location of the fault in the line of a distribution network using mathematical morphological filtering technique is implemented in the paper. Different sorts of methods have been proposed for FL in distribution systems. FL methods can be grouped into three: (i) impedance-based methods (ii) traveling wave-based methods and (iii) methods based on neural networks. The Estimation of the fault distance by relating apparent impedance with the pre-known line data is done. The results location accuracy decreases due to the application of distribution networks with some laterals, sub-laterals, and load taps. Traveling wave-based, in contrast, is an FL method which is been widely used in transmission lines. Classification of methods based on wave-head identification, characteristic frequencies, single-end, two-end, and multi-end. Morphological filters such as dilation-erosion difference filter, Open Close-Close Open filter and Close-Open Difference Filter used in MM is utilized for the of accurate and fast detection of the fault location. The simulation studies are performed in MATLAB environment and voltage/current waveforms obtained at different nodes are transferred to MATLAB and analyzed by using MM for the exact location of the fault. and to analyze the impact on the detection of the fault. MM is the time domain approach for the above-said objective whose simplicity and accuracy are the attractive feature for fault location in power system signal.

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In this study, a calculation system in Maxima (GNU) was implemented, based on the numerical integration of the flexibility parameters to obtain the elements of a T-beam stiffness matrix with linear haunches including zones of infinite rigidity (rigid end off-sets) and shear/axial deformations. The length of these zones is assumed as half the width of the beam-column joint. The goal is to demonstrate that, an analysis based on the geometry between centroidal axes without considering joint stiffness, tends to exhibit greater flexural strength, overestimating the lateral deformations, which can be important when calculating the lateral displacement of frames. The flexural rigidity parameters of a T-beam with and without zones of infinite rigidity were determined through the calculation of the flexibility integrals using the three-point Gaussian quadrature rule of integration. Increases in stiffness (%) were determined when rigid end off-sets were considered.

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Machined surfaces are made by various machining processes each subsequent to a trademark surface on the machined surface. In the machined surfaces the surface additionally varies in view of the sort of cutting parameters, machining hardware and condition. Surface harshness estimating sets up high outcome in the business. Pictures of surfaces caught utilizing vision framework can be utilized to recognize, investigate and measure surface after the usage of value change calculations. Dissimilar to the stylus instruments, the PC vision frameworks have the upsides of being non-contact and are equipped for estimating a zone of the surface instead of a solitary line, which makes it a three dimensional assessment. In this work, optical surface harshness parameter 'Ga' has been acquired from a picture and is contrasted and broadly utilized traditional normal surface unpleasantness 'Ra' got from the stylus device for processed and formed surfaces. All work pieces are made to various roughness’s utilizing different manufacturer forms which incorporate molding, processing and crushing. The surface pictures are snatched utilizing a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and after that exchanged to the computer workstation through an edge grabber. Subsequent to pre-processing, the geometric search investigation procedure is connected to improve the nature of pictures. At that point the optical surface parameter Ga is computed for all the surface images. These Ga esteems have been contrasted and the individual Ra esteems estimated utilizing stylus device.

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Communication has played a vital role in our everyday living. But what is communication? Communication is basically the exchange of information between two or more people. With our world that’s innovating faster as time passes, we can’t simply deny that communication is important. Communication between people is easy as long as you can reach them whether it is with the use of the email, mobile phones, letters and any other forms of interactions. Communication via email and mobile phones are almost available to all but not for the disabled. A good example is the communication among the visually impaired. Communication with the use of devices posts a difficulty to the visually impaired since they cannot see what they are going to click to be able to compose or read a message. With the innovation we have now, it is undeniable that devices for the visually impaired are being produced so they can act as a normal person. In this thesis, the group created an SMS device for the visually impaired. The output of the project can send and receive SMS messages which can be read via braille display. The creators used microcontroller PIC18f4620 and programmed using MikroBasic.

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Nowadays in the world of communication schemes the most extensively investigated area is of wireless technology and a study of communication schemes is incomplete without an understating of the operation of the antennas. In the last years of improvement in communication schemes a requisite for the improvement of lightweight, consolidated and cost-efficient antennas which are ability of preserving high performance through an extensive spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much exertion into the scheme of a microstrip patch antenna. Today, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) applications are extensively utilizing microstrip patch antenna. In this paper, it proposed a new design for micro-strip patch antenna over WiMAX and WLAN applications. The proposed antenna design uses different frequency band and it is operating within narrowband at this band. This adjusted antenna design provides better performance whence Return Loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Impedance Matching, Gain and Radiation Pattern.

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These days, Tracking has become one of the most important issues dealing with public security, and the term has been used is Global Positioning System (PGS). In order to track personnel anytime within a building, an indoor localization system is required. It should at least able to know the current location of the personnel in terms of floor level or room location. Besides, it should be able to track the movement direction of personnel inside the building. This indoor localization system should be a real-time system that has minimum response time to get the location information and easy accessible by users. Quartus Prime 15.1, Arduino IDE 1.8.1 and Android Studio are used in this project as development CAD tool. The system is implemented on FPGA DE1-SoC board by integrating with WiFi modules and Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) system. The system has the ability to add new client data onto FPGA memory for next time tracking purpose. The localization information can be obtained by accessing the mobile application where someone can key in the client name, employee ID or floor number to get the corresponding result. Moreover, the designed system achieved high operating frequency up to 1.6GHz and on chip resources of 188 logic elements and 143 registers.

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Visible light communication system (VLC) is known for the greater solution for data transmission of radio frequency communication. VLC communication is practiced to take full advantage of its large bandwidth, fast data transmission speed and high security. Fast tracking globalization demands for security of data transmission, speed of getting them and availability. Aim of this project is to implement the VLC, improve safety issues, increase the system speed performance and develop an IoT plug-in module. Steps must be taken into account prior to designing the project, such as component behavioral checking. Understanding of single data transmission must be well versed before taking the project to the next level of multiple data transmission. For father understanding of VGA system the flow of designing the system need to start from one bit of data to 8 bit of data. After all the phase of design and testing the system, each of the design need to integrate which each other and interface with the prototype. VLC design and VGA system is obtained and displayed. In conclusion, the implementation of FPGA based VLC is achieved.

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Cylinder deactivation is one of the promising fuel efficiency strategy that offers lower fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions by allowing the multi-cylinder gasoline engine running with smaller engine displacements at part load operation. Cylinder deactivation technology has been developed by several vehicles manufacturers and extended to as large as 6.5l V12 engine and as low as e3.5l V6 engine. Only few manufacturer has developed a 1.4 liter inline, 4-cylinder engine which is Volkswagen TSI Polo BlueGT. This is because the effectiveness of the cylinder deactivation concept depends on the power to weight ratio, engine balancing, and other factors. However, in this study an effective cylinder deactivation system is implemented for smaller engine displacement. The aims of this study are to investigate the potential of cylinder deactivation strategy for small SI engine with 1.3 liter in improving the fuel economy and emission at part load. The skip fire cycle method was applied to cylinder deactivation strategy using a relay-based system which was built to enable the manual control of ignition and injection for each cylinder. The effectiveness of the skip fire cycle method is measured at steady state for fuel consumption, emissions and vibration. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the skip fire cycle, a manual CDA was developed and set up to a research vehicle. The measurements show the improvements of fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions at the expense of the engine power loss and vibration. The results show the CDA strategy could be successfully implemented to small displacement engine with an improvement of the fuel consumption and emission.

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The research for the aimed towards avoiding the waveform of the current from distorted is make the researchers interested to do that.. The controllers used in an active power filter play an important role in determining the current waveform in electrical system will smooth with a minimum of the total harmonic distortion (THD). The main purpose of this paper is to propose the controller of an active power filter based on synchronous reference frame (SRF). A model of the proposed controller has been developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.. The results of the simulation shows that the effectiveness of the proposed controller toward in reducing THD at the acceptable.

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A new nonlinear self-tuning parameters algorithm for two types of the PID controllers is designed, the first type is traditional PID controller and the second is nonlinear PID controller, with intelligent algorithm for nonlinear magnetic levitation system (MagLev) is presented in this study. The proposed scheme of the on-line self-tuning control algorithm is based on neural network and PSO algorithm to make both controllers are an on-line adaptive PID controllers by calculating the optimal nonlinear values of the PID parameters in order to generate the best or near optimal value of the control action that will guarantee the output of the actual model accurately represents the desired position output of the magnetic ball. From numerical simulation results, the nonlinear adaptive PID controller is the best from the traditional adaptive PID controller with the proposed nonlinear self-tuning parameters algorithm in terms of fast on-line learning and tuning the nonlinear parameters of the controller with best voltage control action that generated to precisely track the motion of magnetic ball and reach to the desired position with convergence of the position error to zero value.

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Photovoltaic (PV) energy is widely used over the world as the main step to solve the electricity shortage problems. Also, in remote and rural areas the use of PV systems can be considered the most important and more efficient source of electricity for different domestic applications and water supplying systems. Since the performance of any PV system is directly influenced by weather data such as ambient temperature or solar radiation, the accurate estimation of these parameters is essential for good design and operation. Different attempts have been carried out to determine the PV module surface temperatures using mathematical models of the PV module, empirical formula and by neural networks. Neural network (NN) doesn’t require any analysis of the system or scientific details; it only needs data from the system for training purposes. The present research describes the estimation of the PV module surface temperature using NN based on measured ambient temperatures and incident solar radiation. The NN is composed of input layer with two inputs (solar radiation and ambient temperature), hidden layer that has eight neurons and output layer to estimate the PV module surface temperature. Error back propagation algorithm was used to train the NN based on the measured data pairs at various working conditions. The result showed that, the estimation accuracy of the PV module surface temperature by the NN reached more than 96% of the measured value for clear and sunny days.

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The musical objects repository is a web application created to orderly store musical files, cataloging them using configurable metadata for easy reference. It also allows the reproduction of online files through play lists, as well as search and queuing. It was built using technologies such as JQuery to handle the client side, PHP for the server side, AJAX for communication and MySQL for data storage. The designed interface was designed to allow navigation without interrupting playback. The forms, both the creation of objects and the search, have aids and validations to avoid repeating files, minimize the entry of erroneous data and facilitate queries. The use of the repository is efficient for specific purposes, and it is easy to create, to include content, create users and user groups.

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True grammar checking of a language is more complex. One can mark to some extent a whole appropriate grammar for a natural language, but there is generally variety of exceptions in genuine practice that a formal grammar is of negligible help in writing a grammar checker. The most significant parts of a grammar checker of a natural language is a dictionary of complete set of the words in that particular language, accompanied with the part of speech of each word. The fact that all the words can obtain many different parts of speech significantly enhances the complexity of every grammar checker. The proposed work is based on the natural language processing for Grammatical Analysis of English Text. The work has the base idea of the syntactical and the grammatical analysis of the English text by tokenization without the use of the trained data sets. Grammar checking without the data set is the main advantage of the proposed system where in the new patterns can be added to the system without any training to the system.

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This paper presents the new real time approach based on agent architecture for intelligent and real time air traffic management systems. The proposed method consists to modulate the airport by two agents; the first one is the P-Agent or planner agent, it consists to negotiate with other airport and controls the aircrafts departures, also, it allows to schedule the aircraft landing, the second agent is Aircraft Landing Execution Agent (ALE-Agent), which allows controlling the aircraft landing operation inside Air Traffic Management Advisor (TMA). Also we propose the ATC-Agent, it consists to separate and to manage the air traffic in the transit airspace between the departure airport and arrival airport. To separate the aircrafts in the transit space and to schedule the aircrafts landing we proposed a new real time method based on the Least Laxity First algorithm. Our approach is developed to analyse and optimize the Air Traffic Management process and it’s compared by the classic method.

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The present work shows the effect of insertion converge-diverge conical-nozzle turbulators fitted with triangle fins inside a heated circular pipe on turbulent flow heat transfer, friction and overall performance index. The study is performed experimentally for turbulent flow system with use of air as a working fluid for a range of Reynolds number between 10000 to 50000. The conical nozzles integrated with triangle fins are utilized as turbulators to generate more complex mixing flow along the pipe wall. The plane conical nozzles turbulators are used for three various pitch ratios (Pr=1.0,1.5 and 2), and those fitted with triangle fins are tested at pitch ratio Pr=1.0 with two various area ratios of 0.064 and 0.149 respectively. The heat transfer of conical turbulators integrated with triangle fins is enhanced by 274% as compared with plain pipe and 55% as compared with inserted conical nozzle turbulators alone for the larger area ratio (Ar =0.149). In the addition, the Conical nozzle turbulators fitted with triangle fins give optimum overall thermal performance as compared with unfinned conical nozzle turbulators and plane tube.

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The paper examines the determination of thermal conductivity coefficient of soil using the iterative method based on equations of heat and mass transfers. The equipment measuring the temperature and concentration of moisture was build, which is applicable to different areas of soil. Also, the software programming was designed to solve the inverse problem for mass and heat transfers. The numerical solution was obtained, which was also compared to known characteristics of soil. Consequently, estimations with highest precision were derived. Hence, the result proves the validity of developed approximate method of finding coefficient of thermal conductivity.

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In this article, the results of a Creep and Relaxation studies in asphalt mixtures are presented. Initially, a description of the conceptual model of the material and the details of the viscoelastic characterization in asphalt mixtures using the Creep test are shown. Then, the Creep phenomenon is represented using a generalized Kelvin model with calibrated parameters [9]; also the relaxation model is developed using the direct and inverse transformation of Carson Laplace. For the modeling process of the two phenomena, a symbolic calculation code was programmed using MAXIMA-CAS and Maple software. Finally, we conclude that the generalized Kelvin rheological model fits the Creep laboratory data, and, the calculated relaxation function simulates the phenomenon correctly. This function was also compared with the approximate analytical model of Schapery (1965) and the result data were satisfactory.

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The present paper reports on an analysis of EEG signals to study the effect of audio-visual tasks and to see their effect on individual subjects using EEG Neurofeedback. Neurofeedback helps to alter the cognitive behavior. It could help in enhancement of the cognitive behavior of an individual in ways. This method of correlating the Neurofeedback to that of the scores helps us draw parallel and prove that cognitive exercises can help increase the attention level of the individual. The dataset involved processing of two band wavelengths: Alpha (8-12 Hz) and Beta (12-22 Hz) to derive appropriate results and to analyze theoretical and practical level and to keep a track of appropriate changes that occur in the waveform. To ensure repeatability of results so as to enhance the performance of the subjects to increase attention level and practice the task, experiment protocol was finalized. Our experimentation and analysis show that the results of the experiment and numerical investigation have a good correlation to the analysis of EEG Data. This paper concludes with the remarks on the Alpha and Beta waves of the selected electrodes and the comparison between each subject to show that these tasks did have an overall positive effect.

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Cross flow turbine is a rotating device that takes energy from the flow of water emitted through a nozzle. Energy potential water can be converted into kinetic energy on nozzle of water turbine . A stream of water coming out from a nozzle that has a high speed hits the turbine blade. After hitting the blade the direction of the flow velocity changes so that a momentum changes which results in the turbine runner spinning. The impulse turbine is the same pressure turbine because the flow of water coming out of the nozzle is the same as the surrounding atmospheric pressure. All high energy places and pressures when entering the turbine road blade are converted into speed energy. The use of parallel multi nozzle is very effective to improve the performance of cross flow turbines as a driver of electricity generation.

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Fault type identification and fault distance calculation are the major phases of reliability improvisation in power transmission in terms of fault restoration. This paper proposes a novel approach for fault discovery of three-phase double transmission line, which is primarily based upon the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Modified neural network algorithm. The proposed identification requires double side three phase measured values of transmission current and voltage also considers the shunt capacitance. Three phase currents of most effective one end are measured and discrete features are extracted using discrete wavelet transform. Those features are then used as inputs to the modified neural network algorithm. The training data set for modified neural network algorithm is obtained by way of simulating the ten extraordinary kinds of faults the use of diverse values of fault inception angles and fault resistances, so that the accurate consequences may be received. The proposed modified neural network algorithm employs twenty inputs and best one output for classifying the faults. The distinctiveness of the proposed approach is that all the features, inputs used in developing the algorithm are normalized, in order that the approach may be used for any system with none significant changes. The simulation of the Three-phase transmission line network and discrete wavelet Transformation analysis are achieved inside the toolboxes of MATLAB® and modified neural network algorithm codes also are written in MATLAB®.

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It is often emphasized that the quality of elicited requirement is mostly influenced by the elicitation techniques employed to gather software requirements. Many elicitation techniques have been presented in requirement engineering but they are hardly adopted in practice as the available empirical and comparative evaluations are inadequate to guide the software industry on which technique is better. Classifying a selection of seven requirement elicitation techniques as collaborative, individual or contextual, this study compares the popular techniques using two groups of qualitative criteria - terms of information collection and quality of feedback information. The evaluation results are tabulated and the findings are depicted by spider diagrams. The study concludes that each technique has its strengths and weaknesses, the factors software engineers should weigh when selecting appropriate techniques for requirement elicitation.

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Distributed generators (DG) are gaining more attention in present century due to reliability and better power quality. With the increase in the use of DG, the nature of distribution is changing which causes technical issues. One of these issues is related to islanding detection. A real-time islanding detection based on ADALINE and d-q Theory is proposed in this paper. Five ADALINE neural networks are used to evaluate RMS current in d-q frame and one of these ADALINE is used to evaluate the phase angle in d-q frame using phased-locked loop (PLL). Change in RMS value of current is compared with threshold limit to detect islanding. Islanding detection unit is used to send a trip signal to DG side circuit breaker to disconnect the DG from load in case of islanding. Simulation results are validated using the real-time HIL OP4510 at different load conditions.

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The process of drying food ingredients naturally has an impact on the low quality of the products due to the non-optimal drying temperature. Moreover, in the rainy or cloudy day, the drying process cannot be carried out. In addition, for the rural communities, the drying process that is done automatically or using mechanization is difficult to be done because of the high operational costs. In this way the method of conversion of rice husk biomass energy using a furnace equipped with ash holes and heat exchangers are placed inside the furnace. The results of this research revealed that on several furnace ash hole diameters were found that the larger the hole diameter of the ash hole is directly proportional to increase the drying box temperature. For the ash holes with a 12 mm in diameter, the mean temperature and highest temperature of the drying box were 72.79oC and 109.20oC respectively.

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