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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                               March 2022  |  Vol. 17  No. 6
   
Title: Comparative assessment of the effect of Polyurethane-Aluminum roofing and Non-Polyurethane roofing for sustainable thermal comfort
Author (s): I. P. Okokpujie, J. E. Sinebe, V. Essien, S. E. Kelechi, J. Azeta and K. O. Okokpujie
Abstract:

Due to the ozone layer depletion, many houses suffer from high thermal solar radiation effects during the dry season in Nigeria's southern and northern parts. This issue makes the use of an insulated roofing system more significant to have a comfortable environment. This research aims to proffer a solution by evaluating the performance of Polyurethane's (P.U.) foam as a thermal insulation material embedded in the aluminum roofing system for adequate human comfort. The thermal analysis was carried out using a data logger to obtain the temperature data with time variation for the two house models' indoor and outdoor environments. The study was carried out for two hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening for both the Polyurethane Aluminum roofing and the Non-Polyurethane roofing. The authors employed a contour plot for one-factor analysis to study the time variation effects on the roofing house models. The results show that the P.U. embedded aluminum roofing sheet reduces the temperature by 5% in the morning, 16% in the afternoon, and 10% in the evening compared with the Non-Polyurethane roofing sheet. Furthermore, the P.U. foam application on the aluminum roofing shows a uniform heat distribution and provides a sustainable, eco-friendly environment. This study recommends that the manufacturing industry producing roofing sheets should be use PU-form as an insulation material for cleaner and eco-friendly thermal comfort.

   

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Title: A novel boost converter based fuzzy logic method for fast and accurate Maximum Power Point Tracking to control a Stand-alone photovoltaic system
Author (s): Rida Abdelmoumene, Ahmed Amine Barakate, Azeddine Wahbi, Mouhib Omar, Abdessamad Benlafkih and Abdelkader Hadjoudja
Abstract:

The growth of Stand-alone photovoltaic systems has increased the demand for high quality of energy produced and sustainable satisfaction of the load power demands. In this paper a new of DC-DC Boost converter used to control a stand-alone photovoltaic system by a fast and accurate fuzzy logic Maximum Point Power Tracking algorithm is presented. In this context the MPPT algorithm was used to extract the maximum available power from the Photovoltaic module under particular environmental conditions by controlling the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter. This design depends heavily on two main components of the converter circuit, namely; inductor and capacitor. All tests on the he proposed systems are achieved in a simulation environment using MATLAB/Simulink software. Therefore, the analysis results show that the proposed DC-DC Boost converter demonstrates its significant advantages over traditional systems in terms of power variation and optimal settling time.

   

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Title: Comparative analysis on the cost of software development model based on Weibull family lifetime distribution
Author (s): Hyo-Jeong Bae
Abstract:

In this study, properties of software development cost were analyzed by applying the Weibull family lifetime distributions (Lindley, Rayleigh, Type-2 Gumbel) which are utilized in the reliability evaluation field to the software development model. Also, the Weibull family distribution models were compared with the Goel-Okumoto basic model to verify cost property, and the optimal development cost model was presented. For this study, a total solution was performed using software failure time data generated during desktop application operation, parameter calculations were solved using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method, and nonlinear equations were calculated using the binary method. As a result, fist, when the testing cost per unit time and the cost of eliminating a single fault detected during the development testing process increase, the development cost increases, but the release time does not change. However, if the fault correction cost detected by the operator during normal system operation increases, the development cost increased along with the delay of the release time. Second, it can be confirmed that the Lindley distribution model is efficient among the proposed models as it has the best performance in terms of development cost and releasing time. Third, if software developers and operators can use this analytical information efficiently, they can explore the cost of economic development by predicting relevant attributes.

   

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Title: Towards an IoT-Based acoustic monitoring system in smart cities
Author (s): Tuyen Phong Truong and Nghia Trung Nguyen
Abstract:

This article presents the design and implementation of a noise level monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. MSP32P401R, a high-performance and low-power consumption microcontroller of Texas Instruments, is used to execute a dedicated C program that controls the sampling process of the sound stream from a MEMS microphone and then computation the corresponding sound pressure level in decibels. The obtained data is encapsulated, uploaded, and stored into a Firebase real-time database using a NodeMCU ESP8266 module for the Internet connection. The noise level values and also the results of data analysis and statistics are visualized as charts allowing people to rapidly observe and evaluate the noise level in the surveyed area. The initial results of this study can be extended to set up an automated system for surveillance and alert of noise pollution in smart cities.

   

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Title: The influence of Spectral Responses on the Structures heights: Case of the RHiss river earthquake in Morocco (6.3MW) - seismogenic source 4 (Rif Oriental - Al Hoceima - Alboran)
Author (s): Yassine Razzouk, Khadija Baba and Mohamed Ahatri
Abstract:

Morocco is located in a risky geographical area: The Ibero-Maghrebi Mediterranean zone, which is situated on the “seismic belt”, known for its seismic instability and comprising high risk areas. Each year, hundreds of earthquakes of different magnitudes are recorded by seismic surveillance stations belong to the National Institute of Geophysics. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of Spectral Responses on the Structures as well as to make a comparison with the requirements of the Moroccan seismic construction regulations (RPS) 2000 revised in 2011 in the case of the Rhiss river earthquake saved in seismogenic source 4 (Rif Oriental - Al Hoceima - Alboran).

   

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Title: Aircraft landing control system built in the class of "fold" catastrophe
Author (s): G. Uskenbayeva, M. Beisenbi, A. Shukirova, Zh. Abdugulova and L. Rzayeva
Abstract:

The article investigates the problem of ensuring the robust stability of the control system for the landing of an aircraft. The control law, presented in the form of one-parameter structurally stable mappings, makes it possible to build a control system with an extremely increased potential for robust stability, while the synthesized control system remains stable in a wide range of changes in the uncertain parameters of the object and the set parameters of the control device. In the study, when designing a landing control system for an aircraft, the restrictions imposed by the aircraft design are assumed to be permissible and constant, and their disturbing effects are not considered.

   

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Title: Power Speed Reduction Units for general aviation part 8: Casing design for Metal Direct Additive Manufacturing
Author (s): Luca Piancastelli, Eugenio Pezzuti and Stefano Cassani
Abstract:

This paper introduces a practical design procedure for Direct Metal Addictive Manufacturing (AM) by Hybrid Selective Laser Sintering or Melting (SLS/SLM). Theoretically AM frees the designer from many design constraints, practically it introduces new problems and it requires a brand new design of the part. Hybrid manufacturing reduces the problems without solving them totally. Supports can be introduced but represent a waste of time during manufacturing and during the post-mill removal. Before a 3D-printed metal part becomes usable, it has already undergone significant post-processing in the form of CNC milling, hot-hyping, shot-peening or sand-blasting. Powder-bed fusion parts shows a quite rough surface finish. Considering that post-milling will be necessary in any case, surface finish is less important than other issues metal 3D printing. For example, very small cavities form within the part as it is being built. These defects lead to cracks during the part life cycle. Too few power applied by the wiper, too low laser intensity, excessive or inefficient cooling are the most common causes. Geometry of the part, optimized printing pattern and machine parameters are used to address these problems. AM machine operators have to tune their machines for a given material and print job. In the SLS/SLM process, density is achieved with quality powders, optimized build parameters and controlled machine environment. Hot isostatic pressing treatment as a post-process removes the porosity and reveals excessive defect by deforming the part. Residual stress is a result of the printing process. As the powder is melted and cooled, expansion and contraction occur. The residual stress is compressive at the center of the part and tensile at the boundary surfaces. Therefore, thin walled continuous parts are to be preferred. In fact the classical ribbed structure has several thickness discontinuity requiring continuous adjustment in the build pattern and in laser modulation. To ensure the quality of the part material, the initial layers of the print are removed via CNC milling after the build is complete. Unfortunately, the thermal stress of the substrate will cause the part itself to warp modifying its geometry. Support structures are positioned in the right locations to prevent distortion or warpage. In addition, overhanging surfaces or down-skins faces have poorer surface finish ad are subjected to warping. For this reason they also need additional supports. For these reasons, the Direct Metal AM part may have a completely different geometry than a cast component. An example of redesigning of a PSRU (Power Speed Reduction Unit) is provided in this paper.

   

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Title: A framework for air pollution monitoring in smart cities by using IoT and smart sensors
Author (s): Arshad Ali
Abstract:

In the last half century, the world population migrated from villages to cities due to lack of facilities, education institutes, medical services and job opportunities in the remote areas. Due to this migration the big cities are under pressure to remain live-able and healthier because population increasing quickly as compare to the services infrastructure. As the city’s population increasing very rapidly and demand for the civic facilities remains very high. One of the major addition is the road traffic which become the big contributor in air pollution and make the environment very unhealthy. In modern era, it is important to persistently monitor the environmental pollution of city to make it healthier and live-able. Internet of Things (IoT) with smart sensor system is the solution which can be used to monitor the city for various purposes and one of them is the pollution monitoring in big cities. Sensor system can be installed and managed by integrating with IoT and be monitored by sitting in city central office. In this research work, a framework for air quality monitoring is proposed to monitor environmental pollution for the smart cities by using IoT and smart sensors. The proposed system is capable to measure the humidity, carbon emission, temperature, smoke, sound and other hazardous particulate in the atmosphere and send the measurements to city central office where it is analyzed for further actions for the betterment of city environment. Collected data is banked in a data bank for future use and also can be shared with other research institute and environmental agencies.

   

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Title: Manufacturing and development of MgB2 super conducting wire through hot rolling process
Author (s): Satrio Herbirowo, Alex S. Purba, Vinda Puspasari, Perdinan Sinuhaji, Nofrijon Sofyan, Akhmad Herman Yuwono and Agung Imaduddin
Abstract:

In this study, the synthesis and manufacture of MgB2/SS 316L Superconducting Wire by In-Situ method through hot rolling with a variety of sintering temperature and holding time with the novelty of the SS316 sheath and hot rolling method were carried out to maintain the size reduction results without stress concentration and minimal defects. MgB2 is a superconducting material with a critical temperature of ~39 K. Hot rolling process with a variety of sintering temperature and holding time was carried out to observe its effect on the superconductivity characteristics of MgB2. The process of synthesis and sample preparation begins by measuring and cutting the SS3I6L tube and weighing the raw materials, which were Mg and B powders with a ratio of 1:2 according to stoichiometric calculations. The material was then grounded for 2 hours using an agate mortar and then put into an SS 316L stainless steel tube where it was completely compacted. Then, the sintering process was carried out using a muffle furnace with variations in sintering temperature of 780°C, 800°C, 820°C and holding time for 1 hour and 3 hours. After that, hot rolling process was carried out on each sample with a temperature of 300°C. The samples were characterized by XRD, Cryogenic Magnet and SEM-EDS. The identification through XRD showed that the phases formed were MgB2, MgO, Fe. The Cryogenic Magnet test showed superconductivity at a sintered temperature of 800°C and 820°C with a holding time of 1 hour, where for a sintered temperature of 800°C, it has a Tconset of 39.55 K and a Tczero of 34.69 K while at sintered temperature of 820°C the TcOnset is 38, 44 K TcZero is 31.30 K. However, in the MgB2 sample, the sintered temperature of 780°C with a holding time of 1 hour did not show superconductivity properties. Meanwhile, sintering temperature variation of 780°C, 800°C, 820°C with a holding time of 3 hours showed superconductivity properties, namely the appearance of TConset and TCzero in each sample. The morphological structure and elemental composition were seen through SEM-EDS, where the surface morphology had a hexagonal grain shape. As the sintering temperature and holding time increase, the surface morphology of the grains becomes denser and more regular so that the porosity is smaller.

   

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Title: Optimization of fish - based sausage main contents using response surface methodology-rheological studies
Author (s): M. Abd Elgadir
Abstract:

The objective of this study was to optimize the contents of fish-based sausage as a rheological function of main contents using response surface methodology. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effects of the multiple ratios of added minced fish (20-50), sago starch (10-40) and ice water (10-35) on rheological properties of the product. Twenty different formulations of the sausage were prepared using red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), sago starch (Metroxylon sagu), and ice water. The samples were investigated by dynamic rheological measurement in the temperature range from 30 - 90°C, for 5 min. in order to obtain find a suitable formulation which has minimum onset temperature of gelatinization (To), minimum peak temperature of gelatinization (Tp), minimum storage modulus (G’) and maximum loss modulus (G”). The optimum ratios of the contents were found at 20:10.2: 10, minced fish, starch, and ice water, respectively. Therefore, when a better gelatinization properties fish sausage is formulated, the optimum ratios of added contents (minced fish: starch: ice water) should be 2: 1.2: 1, respectively.

   

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Title: Empirical model for biodiesel-diesel blending using different processing technologies and feedstock
Author (s): M. S. Gad, Ashraf Amin and Ibrahim Mustafa
Abstract:

An empirical model for predicting the relationship between the properties of the biodiesel–diesel fuel blends (the density, flash point, cetane number, kinematic viscosity, and calorific value of the biodiesel–diesel fuel blend) and biodiesel fractions is developed. The developed model represents a universal model for predicting the properties of the biodiesel-diesel blend. The results of the experimental correlations data were near the predicted mathematical equation with a confidence level of 95%.The results indicated R2 = 0.95-0.99 in calculating the biodiesel/diesel blends densities as a function of the biodiesel volume proportion. Similarly, the results showed that R2 ranges from 0.97 to 0.99 in predicting flashpoint and kinematic viscosity. To achieve an optimum blend of biodiesel with diesel, several feed stocks/preparation methods can be conducted to achieve the superior blend.

   

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Title: Digital road construction enterprise solutions
Author (s): Nadezhda Filippova, Michael Shilimov, Irina Odinokova, Vitaliy Gaevskiy and Andrey Ostroukh
Abstract:

Paper proposes the concept of digital road construction enterprise, that integrates the processes of interaction control systems road construction machinery. On the system tasked motion control construction machinery and spatial position and its working bodies, dispatching transport operations in real time. Search technologies appropriate to the level of economic justification of the main criterion of promotion of automation in the roads construction. Pairing interactive modeling with intelligent data frees engineers and architects to quickly analyze changes and design options in the physical environment. The potential impact is huge for saving time on rework, accelerating the building phase, and producing higher-quality projects.

   

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Title: Impact of hall on peristaltic flow of a newtonian fluid in a vertical channel through a porous medium
Author (s): G. Ravindranath Reddy and K. Ramakrishna Reddy
Abstract:

A study is carried out to examine the influence of Hall effects on the peristaltic flow of Newtonian fluid through porous medium under the assumption of long wave length in a two- dimensional vertical channel. The non-dimensional flow governing equations with boundary conditions are solved for axil velocity and axial pressure gradient. The influence of various emerging parameters on the pumping characteristics are studied and explained with the aid of graphs.

   

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Title: Comparative analysis of IGP protocols of an Enterprise Network
Author (s): Gowtham Sri Vishwesh, Rithvik S., Likhitha Reddy K. and Ravikumar C. V.
Abstract:

This paper shows an usage of IPV4 & IPV6 logical addressing for an Enterprise Network Various configuration's done in this network are Access Control Lists (ACL’s) on Edge Router of an Organization Network connected to ISP router to block some services from our Network to outside internet. NAT is done in edge router of an organization to secure organizations private IP addresses. Virtual LAN’s (VLAN’s) is done in each switch of an organization which provides layer2 security. The best interior gateway protocol can be found in an Enterprise network by comparative analysis.

   

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Title: A functional model with double control loop for safe autonomous robot navigation
Author (s): Fredy H. Martínez S., Faiber Robayo Betancourt and Fernando Martínez S.
Abstract:

The design of robotic platforms for service robotics applications requires a good solution to the problem of autonomous mobility. One of the basic tasks of these robots is to navigate through structured environments with large displacements while traveling a predefined path. A good solution to this problem is the visual identification of the path and characteristics of the environment (free space and obstacles) using digital cameras and processing of its information to infer the possible movements of the robot. In this paper, we propose a navigation scheme based on visual feedback formed by two control loops. The first control loop corresponds to a visual memory strategy based on a convolutional neural network. The training of the control system is performed using images with characteristic elements of the navigation environment (different obstacles and different cases of free paths, with and without a navigation path). The system is propagated over the robot using the current images of two cameras in stereoscopic configuration. The second control loop defines specific distances to the obstacles using stereoscopic vision. This second control loop aims to quickly identify points of the obstacles in front of the robot from the images using a bacterial interaction model. These points are mapped in the planes of projection of the environment to establish the distance to the obstacle. Here, we introduce a complete framework that efficiently performs stereoscopic vision-based analysis in real-time, by significantly reducing the computational cost. Our strategy does not require modifications to the environment, nor special camera schemes in the robot, so it can be used in many robot topologies and many different environments without major adjustments. Simulations and real-world experiments show the validity and performance of the proposal.

   

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