|
ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences
April 2019 | Vol. 14 No.
7 |
|
|
Title: |
Increased the synthesis of alkanolamide
through recovery enzymes and the use of metal catalysts |
Author (s): |
Zuhrina Masyithah, Muhammad Ashari,
Muhammad Syukri, Samuel Oktavianus Purba and Dinar Rajagukguk |
Abstract: |
Increased the synthesis of alkanolamide surfactant namely
lauroyl-diethanolamide, oleoyl-diethanolamide, lauroyl n-methyl
glucamide and coco fatty acid amide were observed in this study. At this
stage, immobilized lipase recoveries were observed and the ZrCl4 metal
catalysts were used. Alkanolamides obtained from fatty acids and fatty
acid methyl esters (FAME) from coconut oil are reacted with
diethanolamine, monoethanolamine (MEA) and n-methyl glucamine assisted
with two types of catalysts, immobile lipases, and ZrCL4. The results of
the study show that in the application of enzyme recovery, immobilized
lipases can be reused up to 4 times with only a slight reduction in
reactivity. While observing the use of metal catalysts it was found that
the reaction time could be reduced to three hours, with a substrate
ratio of 4:1 (MEA: FAME) and the acquisition of fatty acid conversion
reaching 90%. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Effect of aging on the dissipated energy
for evaluating fatigue behavior of Iraqi asphalt binders |
Author (s): |
Alaa H. Abed |
Abstract: |
Many
researches used dissipated energy approach to find the changing of the
asphalt binder properties through repeated cyclic loading with
accumulation of damage. In this research time-sweep and stress - sweep
tests were used to simulate fatigue phenomenon for the different
production refineries of Iraqi asphalt binders (Nasiriya, Daurah and
Basrah) by applying repeated cyclic load of strain or stress at chosen
loading frequency and temperatures. The asphalt binders were aged by
rolling thin film oven for simulating influence of oxidation in the
mixing and compaction of HMA, and pressure aging vessel to represent
long term oxidation life. All the tests were conducted at 10 Hz at
intermediate temperatures and 3 percent of strain that closest to the
HMA mixture beam fatigue behavior [1], different mathematical models
were founded to represent relation of the dissipated energy ratio and
fatigue life at constant stress value (150 and 200) kPa for RTFO aging
and 300, 350 kPa for PAV aging. It was found that fatigue life of Al-Nasiriya
asphalt binder more than Daurah and Basrah by 67%, 187% respectively for
long term aging. In general, it was noticed that the stiffness modulus
(G*) values accelerated and quickly reached to the failure criteria, as
decreased about 55% of the original G* value. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Co-oxidative characteristics of corn cob
with plastic bag as an alternative fuel for power plants |
Author (s): |
Muhammad Anshar, Dahlang Tahir, Makhrani,
Farid Nasir Ani and Anwar Mallongi |
Abstract: |
Corn
cob (CC) as an alternative fuel for the power plant is still under
study, especially in Indonesia. In Indonesia, steam power plants are
still using coal fuel in currently. This study was conducted to obtain
co-oxidative characteristics of CC with plastic bag (PB) as an
alternative fuel for power plants. Determination of the characteristics
of CC with PB mixture as fuel is carried out in oxidative study. Test
co-oxidative characteristics of CC with PB is conducted by a
thermogravimetric analysis at heating rate of 10oC/min, nitrogen flow
rate of 50 ml/min, and temperature from 30 - 800oC. The dehydration
process occurs at temperatures from 40 - 100oC, while for thermal
degradation at temperatures from 200 - 340oC, 400-500oC, and 580 -
670oC. Activation energy and calorific value of CC with PB mixture
increase significantly with the addition of 10%, 30%, and 50% PB in CC.
It is concluded that co-oxidative characteristic of CC with PB mixture
is suitable and better as fuel for power plant if compared with its
original state of CC. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Design and analysis of hybrid fuzzy PID
controller for diverse source of power system using DE optimization
technique |
Author (s): |
Pratap Chandra Pradhan and Jyoti Ranjan
Sahoo |
Abstract: |
A
differential evolution algorithm optimized hybrid FPID controller is
considered in this research article for Load Frequency Control of multi
area interconnected systems. Each area consists of three plants like
gas, hydro and thermal. DE algorithm is used to optimize the parameters
of PID/hybrid FPID controllers by employing ITAE as objective function.
The system performances are evaluated with single and double
disturbances respectively. The simulation result indicate that the
hybrid FPID controller exhibit better performance compare to PID
controller. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Development of a DC to DC buck converter
for photovoltaic application utilizing peripheral interface controller |
Author (s): |
Z. A. Ghani, K. Kamit, M. Y. Zeain, Z.
Zakaria, F. A. Azidin, N. A. A. Hadi, A. S. M. Isira, H. Othman and H.
Lago |
Abstract: |
Nowadays, renewable energy has become one of the important energy
resources in our daily lives. One of the important and promising
renewable energy resource today is the photovoltaic (PV). However,
weather changes contribute to the PV output power fluctuations. Thus,
for a PV-related system, a closed-loop control system is necessary for
ensuring the system produces a regulated DC output voltage. This paper
presents the development of PIC16F877A microcontroller-based DC to DC
buck converter. This converter steps down a DC voltage source to a
specific voltage which suitable for other specific applications. For the
PV output voltage fluctuating from 18V to 12V, the microcontroller
generates a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal accordingly to control
the converter switching device MOSFET IRF540, thus regulating the
converter output voltage to 12V. The system simulation was carried out
in the PROTEUS ISIS Professional software tool. Due to the
unavailability of the PV device in this simulation software, a DC
voltage source is utilized. This voltage source is varied to emulate the
PV output variations. The simulation results show that the controller
managed to step-down the voltage source and regulated at 11.98VDC. The
prototype was built and tested in a laboratory for validation. Due to
the constrains and limitations of the PV module, an adjustable power
supply was used to provide variation of input voltage levels for the
buck converter. The experiment results also show that the output voltage
is managed to be regulated at 12V. The results signify the efficacy of
developed converter control system algorithm. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Assessment of vegetable cover in south
Iraq by remote sensing methods |
Author (s): |
Halla S. Abbas and Alaa S. Mahdi |
Abstract: |
The
vegetable cover plays an important role in the environment and Earth
resource sciences. In south Iraq, the region is classified as arid or
semiarid area due to the low precipitations and high temperature among
the year. In this paper, the Landat-8 satellite imagery will be used to
study and estimate the vegetable area in south Iraq. For this purpose
many vegetation indices will be examined to estimate and extract the
area of vegetation contain in and image. Also, the weathering parameters
must be investigated to find the relationship between these parameters
and the arability of vegetation cover crowing in the specific area. The
remote sensing packages and Matlab written subroutines may be use to
evaluate the results. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Data security in cloud storage using
Advanced Encryption Standard and Honey Cryptography |
Author (s): |
S. Arun and N. R. Shanker |
Abstract: |
In
Cloud computing, data security has an important role in the
communication system development. Network security has become a major
concern in the recent years because, in cloud storage environment, the
data should be secured from the intruders. So the data should be
encrypted and outsourced in the cloud. Cryptography serves an important
role in the information security system against different attacks and
cloud storage systems. New types of cryptography techniques can overcome
the security threat. The Advanced Encryption Standard is a robust
symmetric key cryptographic algorithm that uses the lookup table to
enhance its performance. The Cache Timing Attack relates the encryption
timing details under a key already known with a key that is unknown to
infer the key that is unknown. Here an extension of a public-key
cryptosystem is proposed which is a combination of Advanced Encryption
Standard and Honey Cryptography to support a private key cryptosystem.
The results have been obtained by Advanced Encryption Standard key
length as 128 bit and no. of iterations as 10.To improve competency and
to reduce drawbacks, this paper proposes a honey encryption scheme. The
parameters to be discussed focuses on the no. of iterations, key length,
and the side channel attack type to be implemented. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Automatic object recognition based on
Euclidean distance restricted auto encoder |
Author (s): |
M. Jasmine Pemeena Priyadarsini, G. K.
Rajini, Shaik Naseera, S. Balaji, P. Sunil Kumar Reddy and G. Gopichand |
Abstract: |
In
this paper, combine a Euclidian distance restricted auto encoder
foreground extraction techniques to develop a real-time object detection
algorithm. The pixels in the initial frames are used to model a zero
mean unit variance Gaussian distribution. The new pixels are tested
against these models and classified as foreground and background based
on their variance ranges. The extracted foreground is then recognized
with help of a multilayered auto encoder which gives better efficiency
with lesser training data because of the Euclidian distance based
restriction and dropout step to avoid overfitting. The efficiency of the
method and the neural network are tabulated. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Bending stiffness of selected types of
glued I-beams made of wood-based materials |
Author (s): |
Pavel Dobes, Antonin Lokaj, Lenka
Ponistova and Radek Papesch |
Abstract: |
The
paper deals with determination of local and global modulus of elasticity
of selected glued I-beams. Wooden I-beams consist of flanges made of
laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and webs made of OSB. The interconnection
of the flanges and the web is realized by glued wedge joint in the
so-called neck. Different types of I-beams were subjected to a
four-point bending test, where a load-deformation curve was recorded.
The experimental results were then compared with an analytical
calculation according to the standard for wooden structures design (Eurocode
5). |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Detection of anemia disease using DPSO
algorithm |
Author (s): |
S. Dhanasekaran and N. R. Shanker |
Abstract: |
A novel
technique for segmentation of images based on Darwinian particle swarm
optimisation (DPSO) algorithm is proposed to detect the anemia disease
by using a palm region of the person. Images are captured using a
digital microscopic camera, and pre-processing is done. The Darwinian
principle is applied to improve the values of fitness function
individually to all input images and results in output images. The
efficiency of the proposed technique is measured on mean, standard
deviation and entropy. The experimental results demonstrate that the
DPSO algorithm based analysis is better than PSO algorithm based
analysis. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Grid expansion factor for the shooting
method solution of convection-diffusion equation |
Author (s): |
Aslam Abdullah |
Abstract: |
The
essential nature of convection-diffusion related problems is the main
reason why they are found in various science and engineering
applications. This includes the computational fluid dynamics problems of
grid structure for the numerical calculations. In this research, the
importance of the relationships between the grid structure and the flow
parameters is emphasized. A systematic technique in setting the
parameter of interest is applied. In particular, we present the a
posteriori formulation of low Peclet number based grid expansion factor
for the numerical solution of convection-diffusion equation. The
resulting function which is ‘many-to-one’ serves as a standard for a
more efficient decision-making in the determination of the computational
domain grid, and in eliminating some heuristic aspects of the scalar
concentration prediction. The results confirm the effectiveness of the
new approach. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Identification of weak buses in electrical
power system based on modal analysis and load power margin |
Author (s): |
Ahmad Fateh Mohamad Nor and Marizan
Sulaiman |
Abstract: |
This
paper presents the identification of weak buses in electrical power
system with the use of modal analysis technique and load power margin
values. A weak bus can be defined as a load bus that has high tendency
towards experiencing voltage instability. This type of bus cannot afford
high value of load incremental values. The modal analysis technique will
show the list of weak buses in the power system. Meanwhile load power
margin is very useful for showing how much the load at the bus can be
increased before experiencing voltage instability. Both modal analysis
technique and load power margin values are applied upon the IEEE 39-bus
test power system. From there, five weak buses in the test power system
are selected and compared. The results proved that weak buses determined
by modal analysis technique have low load power margin values. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Combined identification method by
reconstruction and analysis of face 3D structure |
Author (s): |
Andrey Ostroukh, Oleg Vakhrushev,
Konstantin Maikov and Alexander Kolbasin |
Abstract: |
The
process of limited access systems developing is associated with users
identification problem. In this paper solution of the problem is
provided, which consists in using face geometry parameters.
Implementation of combined identification method, which uses 3D face
structure reconstruction and analysis, is considered. Hybrid approach is
used for 2D and 3D analysis of video-frames and it helps to reduce
hardware requirements and also retain method operability. A set of
classification methods is considered for achieving the best accuracy for
solving an identification problem. Experimental research is provided for
performance confirmation and method operability quality estimation. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Impact of interference on Wireless Mesh
Network performance |
Author (s): |
Shahidatul A. Baharudin, Megat F. Zuhairi
and Hassan Dao |
Abstract: |
To
date, wireless access network is deemed essential in many domains of the
industry and the academic. The wireless access technology allows a user
to be mobile within the local coverage and remain connected to the
network. In a highly-dense residential area, each resident unit may be
associated with a single wireless network. Multiple wireless network in
proximity can lead to interference, due to the limited availability of
wireless channel to be selected. Therefore, the accumulation of wireless
network in a severely contained area may lead to suboptimal performance.
In addition, a particular wireless technology, which is Wireless Mesh
Networks (WMN) is extremely dependent on the mesh topology to provide
complete redundancy and reliability to the network connection. Despite
such provision, the inherent issue with such arrangement is the radio
interference impacted on the wireless communication. This research study
aims to quantify the performance of mesh network when exposed to
extremely high interference in grid wireless network. In addition, the
paper also discusses about the fundamental model of WMN and the
simulation tool used in the experiment. The design of experiment is also
presented, including the performance metrics to evaluate the wireless
performance. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in
DI diesel engine |
Author (s): |
V. Velumani, V. Manieniyan and S.
Sivaprakasam |
Abstract: |
Development of alternative diesel has to reduce exhaust emissions
associated with change of environmental and energy protection. The most
important alternative fuel options include synthetic fuel, biodiesel,
dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, alcohols, methane and hydrogen. The
mechanism to choose future fuel based on better performance energy
efficiency and emissions analysis is limited by such factors like
availability, production and transportation. In this present work
thermal cracked carbon filter Sunflower Acid Oil (B20TCSAO) with
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) in different concentrations
(10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, and 50ppm) and diesel at (20%, 40%, 60%,
80% and 100%) load. The readings were taken in 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %
and 100 % load. The brake thermal efficiency increases with the
increasing of MWCNT level. The smoke density was reduced with the
addition of MWCNT by about 2.2% to 5.2%, especially at full load. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Robust cooperative control in multi-area
power system using differential game theory under weak grid condition |
Author (s): |
Shaik Khadar Vali, V. Madhusudhan and R.
Kiranmayi |
Abstract: |
The
penetration of renewable energy conversion system in power system
becomes very important because of green energy in recent power system.
The incorporation of renewable energy resource in multi-area power
system is proposed with Area-1 and Area-2 consist of thermal reheat
power plant where as area-3 and area-4 as hydro power plant and area-5
as renewable energy system. The cyber security threat may cause the
operation of power system to blackout and due to that the economy of
power industries effected and it may cause the power failure in many
busy cities. If the cyber security attack is done in 5 area system, the
system has to work in perfect operating condition in lesser time. Here
the differential game theory-based control strategy is imposed for
formulating the problem of cyber security threat. And the performance
evaluation is carried out using PI controller and differential game
theory based robust controller with MATLAB software is used for
evaluation and comparison of results. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Energy transfer from airborne high
altitude wind turbines: Part I, a feasibility study of an
autogiro-generator from an existing helicopter |
Author (s): |
Luca Piancastelli and Stefano Cassani |
Abstract: |
Current designs of ground based, wind energy extraction systems have
limitations of wind instability and high cost of installations. The
efficiency of these systems is optimal for a nominal speed and decrease
sharply for higher or lower winds. This paper introduces large air
rotors at high altitude for powerful and relatively stable air stream
out of ground effect. This first part deals with an existing helicopter
that is transformed to an autogiro for power generation. The helicopter
is linked to the ground with a cable that connects the airborne
generator to the ground power grid. In our case the air rotor system
flies at an altitude of about 4 km that is statistically the best
compromise between power available and altitude. Two versions of the
helicopter are considered: electrical (motors-generators) and hybrid (turboshafts
+ generators). In the electrical version, the electric motors power the
helicopter that climbs up the required altitude and lift the cables. At
this point, the motors are switched to generator-mode and the helicopter
keeps altitude as an autogiro and generates energy. The hybrid solution
adds the generator(s) to the helicopter. The hybrid-helicopter climbs
with the turboshafts and then trip-off the engines to work as an
autogiro-generator. We used is the largest available helicopter : the
CH47 Chinook. This choice is because it is economically convenient to
use the largest wind generator possible. Both fully electric and hybrid
solutions proved to be technically feasible. However, the pure electric
solution requires a huge amount of power from the power grid (7 MW),
therefore has relatively high installation costs. For this reason, the
hybrid solution is more practical. The average power produced is more
than 0.8 MW. Unfortunately, the cost per kWh is two order of magnitude
higher than the carbon produced one. Therefore, this solution is
convenient only when you have problems to take the fuel or the grid to
the place where energy is needed. Helicopter/autogiro stability and
control systems enable to change altitude and to deal with emergencies.
This airborne system provides the following main advantages: power
production capacity higher than conventional ground-based small rotor
designs; the installation is environmentally friendly also for the
propeller noise. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Utilization of recycled sulphidic
molybdenum ores for production of low-fired porcelain |
Author (s): |
Nikiforova E. M., Eromasov R. G.,
Vasilieva M. N., Simonova E. S., Belyaev S. V., Lesiv Elena M., Gubanov
I. Y., Kirko V. I., Koptseva N. P. and Veretnova T. A. |
Abstract: |
This
article presents a description of one of the promising applications of
overburden pegmatites and quartzofeldspathic tailings from molybdenum
ore at Sorsky GOK copper and molybdenum mining complex in the production
of low-fired porcelain. The proposal is to move away from exploiting
natural fluxes which are becoming scarce, replacing them with secondary
material resources. Presence of potassium and sodium in the chemical
composition of pegmatites and quartzofeldspathic sand in feldspar may
produce a viscous mass in a reasonably low temperature melt,
contributing to the dissolution of quartz and clay matter. The research
work presented below offers a solution to the challenge of replacing the
classic porcelain mass (kaolin-quartz-fluxing agent) with industrial
products by implementing a porcelain molding process. If the
quartzofeldspathic tailings mass percent in porcelain ceramics is 45, a
minimum water absorption of 0.84 percent is reached for the sintered
ceramics. This optimizes the porcelain material composition and the mass
percent (kaolin clay 60-50, quartzofeldspathic sand 35-45, cullet 5), as
well as the sintering process parameters (firing temperature is 1,175
°?,
isothermal exposure is two hours). A flow chart has been developed for
achieving semiporcelain products with the water absorption of 0.8-5 mass
percent. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Nonlocal means scheme for image noise
reduction |
Author (s): |
Zayed M. Ramadan |
Abstract: |
The
nonlocal means (NLM) filtering scheme has gained an increasingly
interest in the last decade for its great performance in image
restoration. This scheme yields attractive results in removing Gaussian
noise from an image by replacing the intensity value of each pixel by
weighted average of the pixel intensities in a search neighborhood in
the image. It is primarily based on repeated patterns that often exit in
images. The selection of the kernel functions in such nonlocal means
image restoration scheme is a major concern of researchers in order to
improve the restored image quality. The Gaussian function is a standard
kernel function commonly applied in the NLM filtering. In this paper,
two functions for a nonlocal means image filtering scheme are proposed
through a specific NLM method using an adaptive window size which that
varies according to the characteristics of the search regions in the
image. Zero-mean Gaussian noise with different values of standard
deviation corrupting various images of different characteristics has
been used in the computer simulations. Mean squared error (MSE) and mean
absolute error (MAE) have been used as measuring indices for the quality
of the output restored image. Results show that these two functions work
well and yield better performance mainly for images with a lot of
details and edges than the conventional NLM scheme that uses the
Gaussian kernel function and a fixed window size. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Comparison of centric and eccentric loaded
fibre reinforced concrete slab |
Author (s): |
Radim Cajka and Zdenka Neuwirthova |
Abstract: |
The
soil-structure interaction is the crucial part of stability of all
buildings. Understanding this problematic has a huge impact on structure
design. Experimental testing is an opportunity for better understanding
of soil- foundation behaviour. Faculty of Civil Engineering of Ostrava
in the Czech Republic made series of test of flat slabs for this
purpose. This article focuses on two fibre-reinforced slabs C25/30 with
dimension 2000 x 2000 x 150 mm with the fibre content of 25kg/m3. Both
slabs were located on the same subsoil and loaded by the force load in
the steps until the maximum bearing capacity reached. First slab was
loaded by the centric force but the second one was loaded with a 400 mm
eccentricity. Deformation of the top surface of the slab were measured
in several points during the test. Deformation of both slabs were
compared in the middle cross-section. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Genetic algorithm based ant colony
optimization (GA-ACO) for cross domain opinion mining |
Author (s): |
S. Gnanapriya and E. Chandra Blessie |
Abstract: |
Web
mining and web utilization mining are drawing in numerous analysts to
propose new thoughts, models, implement machine-learning algorithms with
more improvements. World Wide Web (WWW) use gets extends its wings to
all sort of uses that incorporates internet-based business, namely
e-commerce. E-commerce encourages shoppers/clients to purchase the
needed products on the web and in the meantime, web analytics causes the
site overseers to recognize which items get more sales. Opinion mining
is one of the ways to make an investigation in numerous decision-making
tasks in the web-based business field. This paper proposes a genetic
algorithm based ant colony optimization approach (GA-ACO) to solve the
problems that emerge cross-domain opinion mining. The acquired dataset
comprises of reviews about multiple products like books, DVDs, gadgets
and kitchen appliances. The highlights are recognized by making
utilization of altered ACO and opinion mining is performed by Genetic
Algorithm (GA) Accuracy and F-measure are two chosen performance for
evaluating the performance of the proposed work. Comparison of results
presented with domain-specific and domain-independent words. Results
depict that the proposed work has better performance than that of the
existing work as far as chosen performance metrics. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Comparative study of five climate
parameters of two Nigerian cities based on experimental data of the
Period 2008-2009: the cities of Niamey and Zinder |
Author (s): |
Aboubacar Ali, Makinta Boukar, Dan Kassoua
Maigargue, Saidou Madougou and Gregoiresissoko |
Abstract: |
The
solar potential varies according to geographical coordinates and
climatic parameters. The knowledge of the solar potential in a given
locality in this global context characterized by the warming of the
planet Earth is part of a logic of promotion of green energies. Most of
the works in this area lacks sufficient experimental data. In order to
minimize the errors propagated in the literature, we use two (2) years
of experimental data. This work proposes a comparative study of the
solar potentialities and five meteorological parameters of the cities of
Niamey and Zinder based on experimental data. The comparative analysis
of the global solar radiation and the climatic parameters will allow us
to make a solar dimensioning as accurate as possible. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
Title: |
Power quality improvement using UPQC in
distribution system with hybrid renewable resources considering dynamics |
Author (s): |
J. P. Sridhar |
Abstract: |
The
DG placement algorithms perform the optimal placement and sizing in
distribution system. But it only considers the real and reactive power
loss minimization. The analysis is static. The DGs are generally dynamic
in nature as they are renewable resources. But the loads connected in
the DGs are not only linear loads. Many loads at the feeder are
non-linear. In this paper the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)
is interfaced with PV (Photo Voltaic) and wind generators. The current
reference generation technique is used for series converter and shunt
converter by using this hybrid combination. This takes care of all types
of voltage sags and swells. The real and reactive power both is
controlled from PV and wind to grid. The system is considered as a
standard distribution feeder system. The 230V feeder system is
considered here for testing these dynamics. |
|
|
Full Text |
|
|
|
|
|