Chemical pulping of durian shell fiber is a comparatively new approach in the field of pulping, and the paper industry as a whole. Pressures of rising wood resource consumption have resulted in increased attention on the use of non-wood raw materials in the papermaking industry. This situation is due to trees being exploited in high numbers for the purpose of paper manufacturing. Thus, some alternative solutions have been developed to remedy this. Natural resources wastes like kenaf, bamboo and sugarcane bagasse are used as the raw material to produce these varied grades of paper. Additionally, cellulose fiber possesses a natural tendency to absorb moist and water vapor from the surrounding, producing weak mechanical properties and limiting paper’s use. Therefore, in this study, lignin acts as a natural plasticizer in plant cell wall has been optimized to overcome the hygroscopic issue. An optimal amount of lignin will generate maximum hydrophobic effect to prepare for the production of water resistant paper. The process is optimized under the influence of three operational variables; 1) % of NaOH, 2) cooking temperature, and 3) period of cooking. To analyze the response, two level factorial design method by Design Expert v.6.0.8 software has been used. The results show that the highest water contact angle reading of 70.33° has been achieved at the condition of 17 % alkalinity, 140 °C of cooking temperature and 120 min of cooking period. At the same process condition, the highest amount of lignin (57.67 %) has also been obtained which showing the significant interaction between lignin and the hydrophobic effect. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), all parameters have significantly affected the reading of water contact angle. The P-value of the experiment model is less than 0.0001 and the coefficient of determination value (R2) is 1.000. This conclusively suggested that the model is significant and influences on the precision and process-ability of the production.

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Behavioral of Glass Fiber Reinforced Pipes includes several important points which are as worthy to study as the main aim of present study which is to find stability represented by pipes deflection. To find pipes deflection, it was decided to take AL-Hindi District Sewage Network as a case study. The diameter of Grp Pipe was selected of 1.4m that to be made in KSA. Two methods have been chosen to check stability and behavior of this type of pipes under real field condition. The first method was done by using AWWA formula, while the second method was performed by using finite element Analysis which is done by plaxis 3D software. It was found that the maximum predicted value of pipe deflection reached the value of (2.9388%) at maximum depth of (10) m but when applying finite element method the above maximum mentioned deflection was reduced to (0.6744 %) at the same maximum depth of (10) m. The significant difference between the two values which have resulted by using the two different methods can be attributed to the technique used in these two methods and the personification of field condition in each method .Both results consider safe value according to specification limit 5% with difference of safety factor degree. Field test must be done to find measured deflection which is considered conclusive evidence and degree of pipe line stability.

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In this contribution the data collected from clinical trials in open-loop are used to identify the parameters of the nonlinear and linear Hill Curve models. Initially, the parameters are found when only the Propofol signal is considered as an input and the BIS signal is an output - SISO case. Later, Propofol and Remifentanil signals are considered inputs and the BIS signal is an output - MISO case. The algorithms used to find the unknown parameters of the model as well as the results are presented.

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The use of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors has gained prominence as replacement for synthetic organic compounds. The plant natural products have been found to be effective, cheap and eco-friendly anticorrosion agents. Corrosion inhibitions of essential oils of Alpinia galanga were investigated on mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution using weight loss method. The interactive effects of inhibitor concentration, temperature and time were optimized for maximum response of inhibition efficiency using Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design. The optimum inhibition efficiency of 88.5% at 775 ppm of inhibitor concentration, temperature of 320.4 K and reaction time of 3.75 hours was accomplished. The effectiveness of the inhibitor was also supported using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism of interaction of both the inhibitor on mild steel surface was found to conform to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

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The objective of this work is to compare the loss of material in the drill bit after drilling the metal matrix composites coated with carbon nano tubes with uncoated metal composites. In this work, two different specimen are fabricated using stir casting process. The fabricated specimen includes coated silicon carbide particles reinforced in LM 25 alloy and uncoated ceramics reinforced in LM 25 alloy. The carbide drill bit is analyzed after drilling metal matrix composites with 10% silicon carbide particles in LM 25 and hybrid metal matrix composites with 10% of silicon carbide particle and 1.5% of Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT) in LM 25 alloy. Morphology of the drill bit is recorded using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The metal matrix composites (LM 25/SiCp) and hybrid metal matrix composites (LM 25/MWCNT coated SiCp) are prepared using semi-solid stir casting method. The fabricated specimen is subjected to machining. After machining the flank, chisel edge and flute of the tool are analyzed using SEM. The wear and the built up edges are studied using morphology in the flank, chisel edge and the flute. From the morphological study it is proved that the depth of wear in the carbide tool used to machine the uncoated metal matrix composite is more compared to the depth of wear used to machine the coated metal matrix composites. It is also proved that distribution of coated ceramics; silicon carbide particles on the LM 25 matrix are uniform.

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This research shows the result of deformability evaluation of confinement design equation of ACI 318-11, ACI 318-14, CSA 3004 and NZS 2006. The database of experimental result of 163 rectangular reinforced concrete columns and moment curvature analysis were used to evaluate these confinement requirements. The result of evaluation show that CSA 2004 provide most conservative result for confinement design. The additional confinement design equations at ACI 318-13 has been improve confinement design of ACI Code. The numerical analysis showed that the provide amount of transverse reinforcement at high axial compression from each code can provide higher nominal moment but still less ductile than column subjected to low axial compression.

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The recent significant researches on Ultra Wide Band Wearable Antenna (UWBWA) for Wireless on-Body Area Networks (WBAN) are elucidated in this paper. The most sought technology by industrialist and academicians is UWB due to its enriched features such as low cost, high data rates, low energy requirements, high operating bandwidth and radiation efficiency. The wearable, fabric-based antenna is the prime research area in antennas for body-centric communications. This paper provides a thorough understanding of the available methods in designing the UWBWAs for wireless on-body area networks highlighting the merits and demerits. It also offers an insight and scope to explore new antenna designs that augur to meet the ever-growing demands of the UWBWA applications.

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The last decade has witnessed immense increase of wireless networks for different applications in mobile communication, internet, and industrial automation. The next generation wireless nodes will be used in real time applications such as auto navigation, cloud computing and ad-hoc data networks etc. These applications need precise time synchronization to function properly. In this paper, the time synchronization between two wireless nodes is achieved using novel technique. The main principle is to periodically synchronize clocks running in two different nodes through wireless communication protocols. Each node consists of one ZigBee module working at 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band radio and Zynq Configurable System on Chip (C-SOC) platform. Based on the ZigBee communication the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) running real time clock with resolution of 10 nano seconds is synchronized through software. The modules developed in this experiment are FPGA real time counter, External Trigger interface module and UART communication. To validate the developed method another Spartan 3E FPGA generated trigger pulse is used. The time synchronization error is among the two wireless nodes is analyzed and plotted using Matlab. The results demonstrated reduction of time synchronization error up to 10 micro seconds. The work is aimed to be extended towards realizing other techniques for further improvement in the time synchronization.

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The attenuation values polycarbonate material was evaluated using the XCom database. The results were compared with the attenuation values of the human thyroid published by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements - ICRU no. 44. The adult thyroid was designed from scratch as a 3D thyroid model using the 3Ds Max software. The model was then 3D printed with a Pursa i3 printer using the polycarbonate material. The Scintigraphy images were obtained after injection of Tc-99 inside the thyroid phantom. The results show that the polycarbonate material can be used as a tissue-equivalent substitute of human thyroid. The quality of the images in nuclear medicine was evaluated, where the images are similar to the images of a healthy human thyroid. The 3D printing technology shortens the time of phantom fabrication and it shows good results to mimic the real geometry of the human thyroid.

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CRDID (Common Rail Diesel Engine) main advantage is the reduced fuel consumption, the safety and the flight readiness. In fact, diesel fuel is available everywhere and flights to airports just for refueling can be avoided. However, diesel engines are generally heavier than turbo shaft and require cooling. This necessity is particularly important during near stationary operations of the helicopter. If fans are used for the cooling system, the available power is reduced with an increased penalty weight for the installation. For this reason the ejector exhaust system can be successfully used in CRDID powered helicopters. A feasibility study for the installation of a CRDID (Common Rail Diesel Engine) on a common light helicopter (AB 206) is introduced. The total mass available for the CRDID is evaluated starting from fuel consumption and helicopter data. A derivative of an automotive engine can be used for the turbo shaft to CRDID powered plant conversion. The result is that the installation is indeed possible and the payload can be slightly increased in the diesel powered helicopter due to more power available.

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RS485 based networking is quite often used for establishing a distributed embedded system. The communication among the embedded systems that are connected in a network is established through a serial communication protocol. The embedded systems are identified with station numbers at the time when the embedded system gets connected to the network. Most of the communication is initiated through the master. Applications that are implemented on a distributed embedded network needs that the messages flow in a chronological sequence which can undergo a change from time based on the environmental conditions prevailing when the system is in running state. The criticality conditions as such keep changing from time to time. The way the messages flows across the network changes dynamically. In this paper, a dynamic scheduling algorithm has been presented that effects the communication as per the environmental conditions prevailing at any point in time.

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In wireless sensor network, detecting the node/link failure is a great challenge .Failed nodes must be identified and renovated as earlier by system controller to reduce the damage. Various fault detection mechanisms have been suggested, these work cooperatively within a particular region. Extending this concept to multiple regions will decrease the efficiency in terms of time. In our proposed method in Section 1 Superior Node Selection Mechanism (SNSM), we suggest an approach for selection of superior nodes within a region. This superior node is cooperatively connected to other nodes within the region and in turn with other superior nodes belonging to other region in Section 2. Given that, Superior nodes are scattered across multiple regions, each superior node is connected via the SNL (Superior Node Linking) Algorithm.

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Speech communication is gaining lots of importance today made in common technology especially in mobile technology. These technologies have paved the way for users to access Internet using mobile devices, particularly mobile phones. As the volume of multimedia data being stored, accessed or shared over Internet is skyrocketing, there is a significant demand for a high level of security to multimedia. In this paper, a methodology for audio encryption is proposed. The method uses Two-Key Dependent Permutation algorithm for scrambling the contents of short length uncompressed audio. A high degree of unintelligibility of the encrypted signal is achieved by providing two levels of security to audio contents. The results obtained appear to be satisfactory.

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This manuscript explores a novel channel scheduling algorithm for varying size windows transmission in 802.11 based Wireless Local Area Networks. The objective of the proposal is to achieve maximum throughput and minimal transmission loss and fair channel usage. The critical factors considered to schedule a channel are optimal bandwidth and idle channel availability. The proposed scheduling strategy is a hierarchical approach of three levels. The optimal idle channel allocation, optimal multiple idle channels allocation and optimal multiple channels with considerable transmission intervals allocation are the objectives of the respective levels of the scheduling hierarchy of the proposed algorithm. The introduction of the WLAN and channel scheduling, associated literature, detailed exploration of the proposed channel scheduling strategy and performance analysis by simulation study were presented in this article. The experimental study is evincing the scalability and robustness of the proposal in the context of maximizing throughput and minimizing the transmission loss. The performance analysis is done by comparing the proposed model with contemporary scheduling strategies found in recent literature.

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The shunt active power filter has proved to be a useful device to eliminate harmonic currents and to compensate reactive power for linear/nonlinear loads. This paper presents harmonic identification and compensation for harmonics using shunt active filter. With load consisting of linear and non-linear loads, harmonics are induced in source components and affect the other sensitive loads connected at point of common coupling. Harmonics in source components insists for mitigation. Shunt active power filter is a custom power device used to compensate harmonics in power system source components. The work concentrates on identification of harmonics when non-linear loads are placed at different nodes of power system and their mitigation using shunt APF. Total Harmonic Power method/Active Compensation method is used for identification of harmonics. This paper proposes a new constant hysteresis current controlled objective for shunt active power filter which maintains a fixed switching frequency. In this control technique, the hysteresis bandwidth need not be specified in entire control objective. The operating principle of the proposed technique is proposed in this paper and implemented. Proposed work is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are presented.

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Huge quantity of rice husk ash (RHA) and broken ceramics in Egypt are produced as wastes and become of great threat to the environment, causing damage to the land and the surrounding areas in which it is dumped. In addition, production of cement is responsible for about 7% of all CO2 generated in the world. For that, the aim of the present research is to produce modified cement bricks by replacing cement partially by RHA and broken ceramic wastes, to bring a substantial reduction for CO2 emitted every year in the atmosphere, and to reuse agricultural and industrial solid wastes. Therefore two sets of experiments were investigated by replacing part of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with: 1) RHA and 2) mixture of RHA and ceramic wastes, to produce modified cement bricks, at different curing time, namely7, 14 and 28 days. Characterizations of raw materials used for the target preparation were carried out covering: free silica and organic matters, XRD, TGA, and DTA. Thecold and boiling water absorption, compressive strength, apparent porosity and bulk density for the prepared modified concrete samples are determined. The experimental results proved that the , modified cement brick contains 5% RHA and 3% ceramic powder as cement replacement shows higher bulk density and compressive strength compared to other brick samples. The bulk density and the compressive strength were 2.33gm/cm3and 295 kg/cm2respectively, which are higher than the allowable standard limits. In addition, preliminary production cost was estimated.

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This study is about the implementation of an automated transportation system through Radio Frequency Identification and Database Management which can be used for the Philippine’s Manila Rail Transit (MRT) system. The group would focus on two major tasks and that is for the interface of the RFID reader to the PC and creating simulation that has a database that would store, sort and retrieve data according to the needs of the system. The input module for the simulation system is done in two methods first is coming from the user input and the other one is with the use of RFID tags to be read and checked by the reader before sending it to the database system for recording and classification of data. The system has also been made in accordance to the current situation of the MRT. With the use different formulas and equations created by the group, would then determine the train’s scheduling depending on the number of RFID tags per station. This would also determine the number of passengers that would enter the train station, and could possibly reduce people congestion inside the train. This paper has been able to produce an algorithm to aid in the queuing of the MRT System to ease congestion.

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This study is aimed at developing an empirical model to estimate the heating value of municipal solid waste as a function of its element content (C, H, N, S, O). A correlation was developed using multiple stepwise regression analysis based on 29 samples of municipal solid waste that were randomly selected and gathered from 29 different areas in Semarang. Experimental results show that carbon and hydrogen are statistically significant predictors of the heating value. The model is HHV= -2762.68+114.63C+310.55H kcal/kg (R2= 0.99 and Adj R2 =0.98). Furthermore, this work also indicates that if only the C content is known, the heating value can be estimated by HHV= -1737.55+143.33C kcal/kg (R2= 0.94 and Adj R2 =0.94). These results show that the new correlations using regression method give accurate and excellent results that are closer to measured values.

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At our current state of technological development, the designs being proposed for the “channeling of a turbine” based on wind power, commonly called DAWT (Diffuser-Augmented) or CWAT (Compact-Acceleration), utilize a diffuser (divergent) shaped as an airfoil. Further developments of the concept have brought about the introduction of other winged-profiled ring structures behind or in front of the entrance to the divergent making the design more complicated as well as more expensive due to the difficulty of producing correct contours. Even though this results in an increase in power, it usually is limited to slightly more than a four-fold increase at most. In addition, brims (wing-lens) have been recently added around the external edges of the diffuser. Nonetheless, brims thus designed, are not suitable for use in a river due to the significant stress that the structure as a whole needs to withstand. No design, proposed until now, includes a convergent at the entrance to a turbine due to the obstruction effect that it has on the flow of water into the turbine, slowing it down and thereby reducing the acceleration produced by the “channelizing” divergent. This article will introduce an innovative convergent-divergent to which can be inserted a hydro-kinetic turbine which will increase the maximum output power available 12.7 times compared with a free turbine.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop an analysis method to solve the free vibration response for a continuous system subjected to an initial velocity profile using an initial velocity approximation based on an equivalent impulse load. It has been shown that for a single degree of freedom system, the initial velocity can be applied as an impulsive loading with a very short duration. The proposed analysis method in this paper is done for a continuous system to show that this approximation works not only for a single degree of freedom system, but for a continuous system as well. The assumed initial velocity profile is from a case of interest to the authors. The available analytical solution for a continuous system such as a simply supported beam subjected to an initial velocity is compared with the finite element solution determined from SAP 2000 using the initial velocity approximation. The SAP 2000 solution using the proposed approximation showed an excellent agreement to the analytical solution. Finally, this method can be used to find the dynamic response of complex frames subjected to an initial velocity profile, where the analytical solution for such cases is difficult to find.

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Big data is the buzz word and its implication is now emerging in the medical field. In order to offer good patient care, medical experts tend to test certain hypotheses by querying huge volumes of unstructured medical data. In this research article, structured image data of the epilepsy patients are obtained from the dataset. Feature extraction process is carried out using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA). Next image querying of Epilepsy patients is carried out using Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM). Experiments are carried out using MATLAB. Two types of criteria are used to validate the proposed AGA-FSVM mechanism such as accuracy of fulfilling an advanced medical query and the efficiency in terms of retrieval time. Simulation results shows that the proposed AGA-FSVM attains better accuracy with less computation time.

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Emerging technology allows the users to access information and services anywhere regardless of their geographic location. Mobile Ad hoc Network is the significant technology among various wireless communication technologies where all the nodes are mobile and which can be connected to dynamically used wireless link in a random manner. The self-configuring ability of nodes in MANETs made it popular among critical applications like military use or natural emergency recovery. Most of the proposed protocols assume that all nodes in the network are cooperative, and do not address any security issue. To adjust to such trend, it is vital to address its potential security issues. The main objective of this paper is to define the path for security and to further improve throughput, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio and at the same time to create energy enhanced way with excellent security. Implementation of cryptographic algorithm for the information is done in such a way that it is impossible for the attackers to knock the resources of information sent on the web. In this paper, a new intrusion detection system, Energy Efficient Enhanced Adaptive 3 Acknowledgement (EE-EA3ACK), using EA3ACK with Elliptical curve cryptography is (ECC) specially designed for MANET. In this ECC there is a two key encryption technique based on elliptic curve based theory that can be used to create faster, smaller, and more energetic and efficient cryptography. Network Simulator (NS2) is used to implement and test the proposed system. The proposed cryptography provides secured transmission, further it reduces routing overhead, improves packet delivery ratio and throughput.

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Nowadays, almost in every public room there is particularly a spot for smokers and it is commonly called as smoking area. In order to keep the condition of smoking area comfortable, it is installed blowers that exhaust the smoke out of the room. However, the blower rotation is usually in constant speed whiteout considering the amount of smoke. Blower that rotates in constant speed will waste of electricity because the smoking area is not all of the time full of smoke. This paper presents a blower system using exhaust fan that rotation speed depends on the volume of smoke in the room. If the smoke increase then blower’s speed automatically increase, and vice versa if the level of smoke decrease then the blower speed automatically decrease. The rotation speed is controlled by implementing gas sensor MQ2 and, Zero Crossing Detector, and Microcontroller Atmega8 technologies. The blower system has three different speed levels, in which the speed is proportionately linier with the smoke level in the area. Based on the tests, it is found that the system has triggering delay time. The longer the triggering delay occurs, the lower the rotation speed.

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The technical features in manufacturing press non-ferrous metal articles have been considered via the Conform continuous pressing. Based on an analysis of different types of press equipment, the absence of a connection between the system for fastening the two-part container fixed part (the shoe) and the working wheel shaft has been revealed as a shortcoming specific to many Conform installations. This does not allow observation of a controlled gap between the shoe and the groove bottom during the operation of the installation, which, in turn, breaks the stable feed of the bar billet into the die. The purpose of this operation is to develop a system for fastening the shoe that ensures the stable continuous metal extrusion process. Meanwhile, the task has been set of creating a tough and strong connection between the shoe and the working wheel shaft with the levers and drafts system that reduces the load of the bearings in the housing posts in which the wheel shaft rotates. As a result, the original technical solution of the Conform installation press unit has been developed. The practical use of the design presented in this work will open up new possibilities for manufacturing pressed metal non-ferrous metal products with a permanently high level of properties.

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Live migration an advancement with which the whole running virtual machine (VM) is relocated beginning with one physical machine then onto the next. Migration at the level of the whole VM suggests that in-memory state can be moved in a reliable and effective design. Migrating operating system instances across distinct physical hosts is a beneficial tool for clusters and administrators. Along these outlines, a significant issue in live migration is the complete migration time and the downtime. To enrich the concert of live migration, an optimized iterative pre-copy procedure is used to decrease the dirty rate of virtual machines. In pre-copy approach that is essentially utilized as a part of live migration, total migration time, which influence on the performance of VM, is delayed by iterative copy operations and the noteworthy measure of transferring data during the entire migration process. In this paper, we presented a system that incorporates pre-processing phase in traditional pre-copy based live migration for decreasing the amount of transferred data. In pre-processing stage, we recommend the prediction working set algorithm to show that complete migration time as well as downtime is controlled by specific memory utilization patterns. Applying the proposed lazy counting based splay tree algorithm, the system can diminish the amount transferred memory page. The lazy counting-based splay algorithm along with traditional pre-copy approach that contains a pre-processing phase for diminishing the amount of transferring memory page and total migration time.

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Ad hoc network plays a major role in wireless networks where it does not have any access point. Reliability is a major issue in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) which influences the network performance. Links and nodes are the major part of ad hoc network. To keep network stable, links and nodes must be kept stable and reliable. Mobility of nodes affects the reliability of ad hoc network. In this research work, we designed and implemented the Reliability based Stable Scheme (RSS) to attain maximum throughput. Link reliability and node reliability are calculated based on capacity and mobility metrics. In this connection, a reliability model is created to attain maximum performance. Based on the analysis using simulation tool, the proposed scheme provides better results than existing schemes in terms of jitter, throughput, packet delivery ratio and Network reliability.

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In this paper, a new process of adaptive artifact elimination from Impedance Cardiography (ICG) signals is proposed. This is a composite model based on wavelet decomposition and adaptive filter. The prime feature of this type methodology is the realization of adaptive noise canceller (ANC) without any reference signal. The proposed model is able to generate a reference signal from the input signal itself with the help of wavelet transforms. In the real time medical environment during critical conditions due to heart rhythm disorders the filter coefficients may become negative. This makes the convergence unbalance, leads to low filtering capability. In order to solve this problem, we incorporate non-negative adaptive algorithms in the proposed ANC. To enhance the performance of ANC, error normalization is adapted to change filter coefficients automatically. Again, in order to minimize computational complexity and to avoid overlapping of data samples at the input stage of the filter a hybrid version of non-negative and sign based algorithms is considered for implementation. The resulting hybrid versions are error normalized nonnegative least mean square (EN3LMS) algorithm, error normalized non negative sign regressor LMS (EN3SRLMS) algorithm, error normalized non negative sign error LMS (EN3SELMS) algorithm and error normalized non negative sign sign LMS (EN3SSLMS) algorithm. Finally, various ANCs are developed using these algorithms, performance measures are computed and compared. All the implemented ANCs are tested on real impedance cardiogram signals.

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Through the passage of time, computer technology has been considered as a pivotal element in human life. Because of this point, it is more evident that information security gained a prominent position. Cryptography is utilized to secure information in a way that information became impenetrable under attack. In this paper, a new method of encryption is introduced according to dynamic P-Box and S-Box based on modular calculation and key encryption. P-Box is a tool that changes the order of the input bits and they appear in the output. In this case, the key is order transmission of input bits in output bits. An S-box is a basic component which performs substitution. In this paper, a new method for the production of encryption method with the help of modular computing is introduced. This method called DPS method which in its P-boxes and S-boxes the order of the input bit transfer in output, are the function of the encryption key.

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Bactrocera is one of important fruit flies. There are many Bactrocera species attack fruits consumed by human or not. We found Bactrocera sp. from forest that attack the fruit that not consumed by human (wild fruit), the species is still doubtful. The morphological identification show that Bactrocera sp has most of the same morphological characters with Bactrocera calumniata and has the same wings character with the B. cucurbitae. The study aimed to confirm the taxonomic status of Bactrocera sp using identify the cytochrome oxidase I gene of mitochondrial DNA and its phylogenic. The methods included fresh larvae DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis, and sequencing. Data analysis using BLASTn program and MEGA software version 6.06 programs. The results showed that sequence (435 bp) of the Bactrocera sp. had highest similarity to B.cucurbitae (100%) (GenBank Acc Number DQ006875.1), and 96% homology with B.calumniata (96%) (GenBank Acc Number GQ154088.1). The Phylogenetic clearly showed that Bactrocera sp have the same common ancestor that came from Switzerland B.cucurbitae.

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In this paper, we studied the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey fluid through a porous medium in an inclined asymmetric channel under the assumptions of long wavelength. The expressions for the velocity and pressure gradient are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the pumping characteristics and temperature field are studied in detail with the aid of graphs.

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The article considers the problem of application of the laser devices for forest inventory. The article contains mainly the description of the software system for automated forest inventory using a laser range finder. The system includes the low-level programs of interaction of sensors with microcomputer controlling the developed device, the information system for the information accumulation and interaction with the user and also the software for the analysis of the raw data. The novelty of this approach is in the application of the multi-level structure for the control of the measurement process, and the possibility of the system scaling. The developed equipment is a part of the low-cost technology of forestry created in the Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin.

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Many industries and academic centers are looking for alternatives to improve the manufacturing quality, performance of the tool, optimum cutting conditions and cost reduction that help for better understanding of the metal cutting process. One of these alternatives is the Finite element method. The inelastic-plastic finite element method is established in this learning to examine the influence of the tool rake angle on the cutting force, chip contour, total energy and stress developed in machined work piece during the precision orthogonal turning process of elastomer. The results specify that an increase in the tool rake angle evidences to reduction in the cutting force established, smoother chip contour and a decrease in the total energy of the turning process under different cutting speeds.

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In this study, water mist spray operation are applied to control the emissions produces from cooking smoke and to reduce the temperature inside of the ductwork. A full scale of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of water mist spray on grease emission filtration in kitchen hood.Continuous measurement of temperature, pressure drop, and generations of TVOC at specific locations were made at average 8 hours and 15 minutes under grease load using grease generator designed based on UL 1046 Standard. For comparison, parameters were measured from3different types of test conditions which are without cold mist operation, with cold mist operation, and KSA filter exhaust plenum. The water mist activation have significant effects to filter the grease emissions contains particles size more than 10 µm and to decrease the temperature of the kitchen exhaust plenum and ducts 35 % and 2.5 – 6.2 % respectively.

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The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) aims to meet the high demand for mobile data that will exist from the year 2021, product of the development of new technologies, applications and services. Its main requirements are to achieve high data transmission rates, massive user capacity, low power consumption, high communication reliability and low latency. Massive MIMO systems, those that use large antenna arrangements at the base station to transmit multiple users to the same time-frequency resource, have been proposed to address these demands. This work analyzes the performance of the MMSE, MRT and ZF linear precoding techniques for the massive MIMO downlink on a Rayleigh channel model, in terms of data rate, spectral and energy efficiency. It verifies that the linear processing is viable for the conditions of propagation that characterize these systems and that it improves the mentioned parameters.

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The increase in population numbers lead to the high quantity of domestic wastewater and potentially contaminates the environment. Domestic wastewater management in Depok City, Indonesia was carried out by on-site system, but it was not managed properly. That is described by the high number of households did not desludge their septage and the high of idle capacity of STP. One solution is a regular desludging as a solid way to prevent any further contamination and to make sure all septages should be treated in STP. The purpose of the study is to optimize the city septage desludging service as a step to design a good septage management. The findings of this study is the regular septage desludging service that has to be implemented to serve 63,598 households and the need of six unit vacuum trucks to cover the city central region. The use of small vehicle and transfer station as additional facilities should be considered to cover limited area and densely population with narrow pathways.

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Genetic polymorphism of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) could lead the changes in GCL enzyme activities. These changes could disrupt glutathione synthesis allowing the reduction of glutathione level. Furthermore, the decrease of glutathione level would change the phenotype and allow the defenselessness against some diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between genetic polymorphism of the -129C/T promoter region in glutamate-cysteine ligase sub unit catalytic (GCLC) genes with glutathione plasma level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted to study this association. The samples were obtained from the center of health lung community (BBKPM) and Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The consecutive sampling technique was accomplished based on the order of arrival of the patient. Analysis of genetic polymorphism and glutathione level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients were performed. The results of study indicated that genetic polymorphism of C/C was increased by 11% in genotype C/C whereas in genotype C/T was decreased by 32%. According to the results, the polymorphisms of GCLC gene were associated with glutathione level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

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Distributed Embedded systems are being used these days for monitoring and controlling many applications which are either critical or non-critical. No formal frameworks as such have been presented which can be used for testing the distributed embedded systems. Many approaches have been presented in the literature for testing stand alone embedded systems which include testing through scaffolding, assert macros, instruction set simulators, logic analyzers, in-circuit emulators, monitors etc, It has to be explored to find how best these methods can be used for testing the distributed embedded systems. In this paper, an investigation on use of asserts macros for testing the distributed embedded system is presented. The method has been used to test existing distributed embedded systems that monitors and controls temperatures within a Nuclear reactor system.

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Geopolymer concrete was developed with the intention to protect the environment from the carbon dioxide which liberates to the environment, as well as nature is harmed. However, geopolymer concrete had a severe limitation that silica of fly ash, which was activated through alkaline solution, could achieve required compressive strength only at high temperature. In the present investigation alccofine which is richer in silica and finer than fly ash has been added up to 10% of fly ash and geopolymer concrete with different fly ash content has been produced. The results are encouraging, as required compressive strength even 40MPa could be achieved at ambient temperature. Compressive and tensile strength have increased with increase in fly ash and alccofine content. The strength further increased significantly up to 90% in the presence of alccofine. Attempts were further made to relate the compressive and tensile strength in the presence of alccofine. A relationship has been suggested which holds good for geopolymer concrete with and without alccofine at ambiently, and heat cured specimens.

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One of the main problems that agriculture has had to face are pests, which over time have diversified because of different climatic conditions or adaptation. To this end has been used for more than 100 years different pesticides for its elimination, which has resulted in an effective method but with consequences to human health. That is why in this work they are looking to develop a neural network with the ability to predict the risk of early form of consumption of carbaryl in human health, using as a basis for data records from more than 300 studies in laboratory rats type CD (SD) BR.

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After Drin, Sitnica is the longest river in the territory of Kosovo. Since the source, the southeastern part of Kosovo until its unification with the River Iber in the western part of Kosovo, the waters of the Sitnica, in the road with a length of 90 km, pass peacefully in the bed of the river in an field area. This river is characterized by annual flow of water of 16.6 m3/s, while in the summer months the water flow which discharge on the river Iber falls up to 2.35 m3/ s. Since the Vragoli village, in Fushe Kosove, until his discharge in the river Iber, the waters of this river polluted by various anthropogenic sources, such as households, various preparations and agricultural chemicals and industrial discharges. For the compilation of this work, we started by the needs of identification of different pollutants of water quality of the river Sitnica, based on physical-chemical parameters and for this reason we have selected six monitoring points. During our research we have achieved to ascertain that the rivers, as Graqanka, Drenica Prishtevka together with Ferronikel, Kosovo Corporation Energy, industrial waste of Industrial Park in Mitrovica and Trepça Mines are most potential pollutants of waters of the river Sitnica.

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