This research aim is to make material engineering where marble powder is used to strengthen the alumunium alloy composite material. Alumunium and marble powders are combined by metallurgy method. The alumunium powder is product from Merck German with irregular shape and homogeneous particle size. The marble powder is obtained from marbles stone cutting waste in Maros regency, South Sulawesi province. Marble powder is mashed and sieved up to mesh 200. The alumunium powder is mixed with 10%, 15% and 20% marble powder fraction, and then compacted with a compaction pressure of 300 MPa using cold isostatic pressing method. The result shows that the green body is sintered at 650°C and the holding time for 240 minutes. The composition with largest marble weight fraction had the greatest hardness.

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The processing conditions involved in rolling and extrusion methods and their effect on the thermal behavior of plasticised PVC (PPVC) were studied in this article. Limiting oxygen index test (L.O.I) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to evaluate the structure and properties of extruded and rolled PPVC. The SEM and FTIR tests proved there was a significant structural difference found between extruded and rolled PPVC samples, such as the ratios of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen were different in the samples of both methods, which affected by the L.O.I test and differences in active groups obtained by FTIR analyses.

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The aim of this study is the scientific substantiation of the parameters of the process of wet cleaning of wax raw materials from impurities, bee bread, in particular, and the development of a theoretical model of water dispersion of impurities and verification of the model obtained in the laboratory experiment. The basis for constructing a mathematical model is the idea based on the assumption that a boundary layer exists on the surface of a solid that dissolves in a liquid medium, through which the transfer of particles of the solid phase into the bulk of a liquid takes place. In this case, the rate of mass transfer is directly proportional to the energy expended on the forced mixing of the system under consideration. The model includes three variables: the intensity of mixing, the time of the process and the residual concentration at any time. In the model obtained, the nonlinear effect of the dependence of the residual concentration on the time and intensity of the dispersion process is clearly manifested. It is theoretically established that with an increase in intensity, the time for complete dissolution is significantly reduced. The article presents the description and results of a multi-factor experiment that establishes the effect of mixing intensity, mixing time and particle size distribution of the material under study on the degree of dispersion in water, which is estimated by the percentage of undissolved material from the initial mass, calculated on the dry matter. Comparison of dependences obtained theoretically and experimentally show sufficient convergence of the results. The results obtained can serve as a basis for designing specialized means of mechanization to calculate productivity, energy intensity and other parameters of the cleaning process.

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It was found that synthesis of nickel hydroxide synthesis in slit-diaphragm electrolyzer from nickel nitrate solution as catholyte is possible. It was discovered that synthesis only possible at low current densities (4-6 A/dm2) due to overheating of catholyte. Analysis of synthesized samples revealed that have low crystallinity layered (?+ß) Ni(OH)₂ structure, with increased content of ?-Ni(OH)₂. A formation of phase that is intermediate between a-Ni(OH)₂ and ß-Ni(OH)₂ was discovered. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed high electrochemical activity and cyclic stability of synthesized samples. It was noted, that further studies are needed to refine the proposed method for industrial applications.

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Electronic noses are designed to classify odors. It aims to provide remote connectivity, data storage and signal processing. In this research work an AI technique using ANN in use of sensor array grid system concerning air pollution monitoring of the carbon monoxide (CO) gas by integration of distributed sensors, data records and configuring ANN model. The analysis and the characterization acquired by prototype of multi-sensors electronic nose which have TGS 822, TGS 2442, TGS 813, TGS 4160, TGS 2600 sensors along with temperature, humidity and wind speed measurements sensors. Regression and MSE are taken as performance parameter to find best possible ANN model that can correlate in between sensor response and CO concentration as pollutants, evaluated by Mat Lab software and statistical analysis. The influence of data segment length is taken into account to improve the model. The variation in hidden layer nodes performed and compared using the variable length data then the mean square error (mse) is calculated.

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Power system stability have emerged and become problematic issue in recent years, transient stability still remains a basic and important consideration in power system operation, security and maintenance Transient stability assessment become topic of the problems that continue to attract the attention of researchers in the world. These early stability problems, often a result of insufficient synchronizing torque, were the first emergence of transient instability. Moment inertia and Critical Clearing Time (CCT) are key parameter for Transient Stability Improvement. In this paper will proposed a new technique for improvement CCT value using inertia moment index of all generator. By rescheduling the generation based on the value of the inertia moment, the critical clearing time (CCT) of the system will be increased. After the CCT value is obtained based on moment inertia index, then the value of CCT is learned by Extreme Learning Machine. In this paper, WSCC 9 bus system will be a test case. The simulation result show that, rescheduling active power based on moment inertia index can improve CCT and the Extreme Learning Machine can be a robust method to obtain a CCT with minimum error.

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The frequency responses and the output efficiency of the piezoelectric disc by the designed piezoelectric power generator are examined and vindicated in this paper. The relationship between the stiffness of a beam with the output efficiency and the frequency responses of the piezoelectric disc are investigated. As the vibrating beam’s bending stress is varied, the impact force is affected and changed. Two variables such as width and thickness of the vibrating beam are disclosed. The narrower the width of the vibrating beam, the higher the frequency responses (shifted to right region) of the piezoelectric disc. Approximately 87% of the output efficiency of the piezoelectric disc is raised when 1mm of the vibrating beam’s thickness is employed on the power generator contrast with the 2mm of the vibrating beam’s thickness. In this paper, the declarations are expounded and evaluated from the plotted graphs.

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The principal targets of the wireless sensor network (WSN) are to enhance the lifetime of the sensor network and also to use the sensor energy efficiently. To increase the life time of the network, network routing protocols is also one of the very important aspects. In this paper, Expanded Distance based Multi Single Hop Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (EMSLEACH) for wireless sensor network which is an enhancement of the Distance based Multi Single HOP Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (MSLEACH) is being considered and the said protocol is made to compare with multiple other existing clustering protocols based on multiple parameters. The paper also takes into consideration of different data sets for different multiple protocols and compared to know the reliability of the system. Finally, the simulation result shows that EMSLEACH outperformed the other multiple existing systems.

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The integration of optimization methods in the different processes involved in an electric power system in the search for energetic efficiency has generated satisfying results in the reduction of energy consumption, technical losses, increasing security and system reliability. The purpose of this article is to implement the artificial bee colony optimization algorithm in a 15-node IEEE power system set at 13.2 kV, in order to find the possible values of the reactive compensation that optimize the system power flow. In first place, the results of the voltage profiles of a 15-node IEEE power distribution system are shown with the Newton Raphson method. Then, said system is optimized using an adapted version of the artificial bee colony algorithm which was developed in MATLAB. After the execution of the algorithm, it was concluded that the nodal voltage values have a significant increase in all 15 nodes of the system. This translates into a reduction of the losses in the interconnection lines of the nodes through the optimization of the power system. The application of the artificial bee colony algorithm offers an optimization alternative driven to reduce the energy losses in the power system.

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In this work, an innovative algorithm is addressed for the reconfiguration of an electrical radial distribution network such that it can lower the active power loss and enhance the voltage profile while satisfying the operating constraints. A nature-based motivated metaheuristic optimization algorithm that is Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) has been proposed. This novel algorithm is motivated by a special foraging strategy of the humpback whales. The proposed algorithm (WOA) is successfully simulated on IEEE standard 33 bus and 69 bus system. To validate the effectiveness of WOA, a benchmark comparison has been done with the previously existing algorithm.

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Tropical cyclones are the most powerful storm of all. These storms bring strong winds and large amount of rain which cause devastation in its affected areas. The rainfall amount of these weather disturbances can cause flooding, landslides, overflowing of rivers and dams and mudslide. Forecasting these weather disturbances is an important tool to save lives and properties in affected areas. To completely analyze the storm’s rainfall amount and intensity, an image processing technique is usually used by most meteorologists. The image processing technique can identify the intensity, size, and rainfall amount of the storm. The fuzzy logic on the other hand gives result based on rules made by the user. The fuzzy logic is also an important tool in identifying the chance of flooding in a specific area. In this paper the image processing and fuzzy logic are demonstrated in the software named MATLAB. In image processing, the amount of white colors which identifies the amount of rain clouds is counted using white color detection technique and the intensity of rain is counted using complemented gray scale in MATLAB. The results are then plugged into the fuzzy logic which outputs the possible chance of flooding.

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Abstract:

Arrhythmia is a disease that affects many people. This disease is when the heart has an irregular heartbeat. This disease may cause premature or extra heartbeats and the person who has it may feel that his/her heart is beating slowly. This disease is life threatening especially when not diagnosed as the heart cannot pump blood, so death can occur within minutes. Knowing if you have this disease early on is very advantageous as it may save a person’s life. The main problem is this disease is very hard to diagnose as it is misunderstood as other diseases. Also when diagnosing arrhythmia not all information is available. There are many reasons why they are not available like testing that parameter is hard to test. This research will develop a Rough Set-Based Model for analyzing arrhythmia type diseases using the UCI database. The model that will be developed will guide the person diagnosing the disease to give the proper recommendation. The Rough Set Theory will be used to reduce the rules for easy diagnosis. The database that will be used is the UCI arrhythmia database.

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Today’s World manufacturing industries is widely focusing on numerical, statistical and analytical methods. In this paper, three of those methods have been employed namely finite element analysis, Taguchi’s design of experiments and response surface methodology. Initially stress distribution in primary and secondary deformation zone in machining of DRACs was conducted using finite element analysis based on Taguchi’s design of experiments. The experimental results were then correlated using Taguchi method, for identification of optimum cutting parameters followed by mathematical model using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

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As an archipelagic region, ferry transportation is needed to connecting small and large islands, by means of ferry transportation the form of a roll-on roll-off vessel, better known as Ro-Ro vessel. The immediate impact felt by the public on ferry transportation is widening of its service network to remote islands, increasing economic growth and people's quality of life, increasing business opportunities, opportunities for education and so on. The purpose of this research is to know the model of ferry user opportunity in archipelagic region. The location of research is East Nusa Tenggara Province. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to passengers at random. The total sample is 2,686 respondents (passengers). By using Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) Method, analysis result shows that: Ferry user opportunity every week equal to 0, 02%, every month 45, 71%, every year 54, 27%. There were 79, 86% of respondents said that ferry transportation is cheaper and affordable, 16, 68% choose because of high speed and safety, and the remaining 3, 46% stated no other option (by forced).

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This paper introduces a study on the calculation of optimum gear ratios of a three stage bevel helical gearbox. In this study, to find the optimum gear ratios, an optimization problem was performed. In the optimization problem, the gearbox length was chosen as the objective function. In addition, the effects of input parameters including the total gearbox ratio, the the face width coefficients of the bevel and the helical gear sets, the allowable contact stress and the output torque were investigated. To evaluate the influence of these factors on the optimum gear ratios, a simulation experiment was designed and conducted by a computer program. Based on the results of the study, the influences of the input parameters on the optimum gear ratios were evaluated and models for calculation of the optimum gear ratios were found.

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Concrete is very commonly used construction material. It is second largest material after water that is consumed on the planet. This popularity is due to the fact that it can be made by common materials and that are easily available. As consumption of concrete is very high, consumption of cement is also very high. Production of cement produces high amount of CO2. To save environment we have to find alternate solution for making concrete and partial replacement is one of the solution to reduce production of CO2.In this study, effects of waste material as partial replacement of cement on the Chloride permeability and compressive strength of concretes were experimentally investigated. The main parameter investigated in this study was M20 grade concrete with partial replacement of cement by waste material (CSW-Ceramic Sludge Waste). The percentage of replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% was examined. In this research a detailed experimental study on compressive strength and chloride permeability were carried out at an age of 7, 14 and 28 days. This investigation shows that ceramic sludge waste can be utilized as partial replacement of cement up to 20% without any loss of strength and durability of concrete.

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The article presents the results of studies on synthesis and hydration of aluminate clinkers and cements containing C₆A₄MS phase. Influence of calcium sulfate and iron oxide additives on thermal transformations during C₆A₄MS synthesis was determined. A method for calculating composition of three-component mixture for, which takes into account MgO and SiO2 presence in raw materials is proposed. The calculation method makes it possible to optimize phase composition of clinker due to directional choice of the modulus of basicity, silica and magnesia modules. Aluminate clinker was synthesized from raw mixes with different modules values. Dependence of properties of aluminate cements on values of the modules and content of clinker’s phases was revealed. Composition of hydrated aluminate cement with the content of C₆A₄MS phase is presented. There was marked strength stability of cement stone of long-lasting hardening.

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The transportation is a vital part of a society for a secured transportation system. Even though there are many factors which causes accidents but a majority of them are caused because of overloading. First of all, the maximum weight that a truck can carry are defined by the manufactures at the time of production unfortunately the drivers overload the vehicle for their convenience. Due to overloading the performance of the vehicle is greatly affected. The fuel efficiency and the overall life span of the vehicle will be reduced when it is overloaded. By using this method, the load carried by the vehicle is measured by using inbuilt weighing mechanism and it is continuously monitored from remote location. The load cell is used to measure the load carried by the truck. Arduino is used as data acquisition where GPS module is responsible for location and Wi-Fi module is used to send the load and location of vehicle to internet server (or) web server. The web server has the complete history of the truck and control unit is protect the truck from overload. The objective is to reduce the accidents caused by overloading of trucks and to find out the loss of goods during transportation. Wireless monitoring of truck location and load status from an unknown location is possible by using this method. It will reduce the pollution caused by the overloading of truck during transportation.

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The influence of the main factors of distortion of the measurement results of the shift angle between two phase voltages reproduced by a three-phase AC calibrator is analyzed in the work. For the developed measurement procedure of the phase angle using the precision voltmeter method, the sequence of operations is considered depending on the instantaneous or average values of the measurand. Since the distribution of observation results was defined as symmetric and bimodal, the value of the measurand should be the mean within the interval of the variation. The Monte Carlo simulation gave results that, with small scattering, coincide with the measured value. The introduction of the correction for the instantaneous measurement did not significantly change the result because of the scattering during the whole oscillation period.

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Cell death in the cell development cycle, forms one of the most potential areas for experimental as well as theoretical research and an exciting question as well. Regardless of the importance of the cell death process, its mechanisms are not understood and are still being studied. According to the studies, the cell death takes place through two processes: (i) Apoptosis is a form of cell death which is programmed or controlled, (ii) Necrosis is a type of cell death that is accidental or un-programmed [1]. Apoptosis which is a significant part of the molecular mechanism, it has attracted a considerable amount of attention over the last two decades. Apoptosis is characterized by distinct biochemical mechanism and morphological characteristics, it plays a major role in diversified processes including natural cell development, proper functioning of a cell, a cell dies due to chemicals and development of the immune system. The cell death signalling pathway responds to both normal and pathologic stimuli and human diseases like neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic damage, immune deficiency, cancer and autoimmune disorders are caused by unseemly apoptosis. This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the cell death process, its role in cell development, its different forms and its mechanism signalling pathways, a summarized comparison of Apoptosis and Necrosis. Further, a relational hypothesis analysis for cell death mechanism has been conducted. Our results give valuable insights into the factors that are influencing the sample dataset to be malignant. The result shows that p-value had a clear dependency on the percentage of malignant cases in a sample and hence population, as the value increased the percentage share of malignant cases increased.

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