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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                              July 2020  |  Vol. 15  No. 14
   
Title: Practical implementation of cascade control approach with PI controllers to control the speed of a permanent magnet DC motor
Author (s): Ismaeil R. Alnaab
Abstract:

An experimental investigation was conducted to control the speed of a permanent magnet brushed direct current motor under cascade control approach. The investigation dealt with studying the performance of the motor under open loop, current loop and speed loop conditions. The results then compared to similar investigations done by researchers. The investigation was implemented on software and hardware models with the help of MATLAB Simulink, MPLAB software and LabVIEW. PMDC motor mechanical and electrical characteristics were studied first, then they were implemented in MATLAB Simulink. A cascade control model was designed in Simulink environment and linked with the motor via H-Bridge simulation model. The cascade control has the following features, two Proportional Integral (PI) controllers, one for speed loop and the other for current loop, Integrator windup feature and some limiters. The performance of the speed control was studied successfully and motor speed was under control. The effect of tuning PI controller gains was observed. Six important tasks were focused on in this project which are Unipolar PWM generation, speed and current measurements, Integrator windup, speed transit and speed profile. The real time implementation was a success and some of the measurements were compared with a simulation model. MPLAB software was used to write the codes in C language for the cascade control loops.

   

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Title: Infiltration capacity of sandy clay by rainfall simulator test
Author (s): Elifas Bunga
Abstract:

The study was a laboratory research aimed to identify the infiltration capacity value of one kind of soil in relationship with rainfall intensity and degree of surface slope. The rainfall intensity variations used were 45 mm/hr, 60 mm/hr and 75 mm/hr with the degrees of surface slope 5°, 15° and 30°. The result of the study indicates that the initial infiltration capacity value (fo) was determined by rainfall intensity rather than the degree of surface slope. The maximum infiltration intensity (fo) was proportional with the rainfall intensity but inversely proportional to the degree of surface acclivity. The degree of surface slope was > 30° and the maximum infiltration capacity value (fc) is almost constant. In addition, the infiltration capacity rate curve decreased with the same value of rainfall intensity with the same degree of surface slope. The infiltration capacity rate decreased slower at the smaller surface slope than the bigger one. Based on the study result, the Horton formula has been modified.

   

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Title: Spectroscopic researching of the interaction reaction of cocamidopropyl betaine with 12-molybdophosphate heteropolyacid
Author (s): Mironyak M. O., Volnyanska O. V., Labyak O. V., Balalayev O. K., Nikolenko M. V., Kovalenko V. L.  and Kotok V. A.
Abstract:

The influence of the acidity of the working solution on the properties of the ampholytic surface-active substance of cocamidopropyl betaine is researched by a spectroscopic method in the UV-range. The possibility of the reaction behavior between the organic cation of cocamidopropyl betaine and the anion of 12-molybdophosphate heteropolyacid was investigated, and the nature of the bond in the obtained ionic associates was determined. The ionic nature of the bond in the product of the reaction of cocamidopropyl betaine and 12-molybdophosphate heteropoly acid was also confirmed by IR-spectroscopy. The composition of the complex and the ratio of the components of the reaction was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 248 nm by saturation method. The results of these researches can be used to develop methods for the determination of cocamidopropyl betaine in various industrial objects by the ionometric method using potentiometric sensors sensitive to this substance.

   

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Title: Design and analysis on-grid photovoltaic system for Najaf province - Iraq
Author (s): Abed Al-Abass Muhseen Jassem, Mohammed Chessab Mahdi and Jaafer sadiq
Abstract:

Researchers around the world are now working to develop renewable energy sources to use instead of traditional fossil fuels to avoid global warming. Photovoltaic technology is one of the main renewable energy source in the world. In spite of fast developing, the energy amount generated by photovoltaic systems still small comparing to world need. In this work, for the purpose of addressing the acute shortage in the supply of electricity in Iraq as well as to reduce greenhouse emissions by increasing the proportion of renewable energy from the total energy mix, a grid-connected 3 KW photovoltaic system are built to install on the roofs of houses and residential units at Najaf City-Iraq as the proposed location. PVsyst simulation software from PVSYST SA have been used to design and simulate photovoltaic system. Module orientation, system components, and other design parameters are evaluated. The various losses such as temperature losses, module quality losses, wiring resistance losses, are determined in addition to calculating performance ratio.

   

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Title: Algorithm for the recovery of missing data in the Bogotá River
Author (s): Wilson R. López S., César A. Perdomo Ch. and Julián R. Camargo L.
Abstract:

There are different methods for the estimation of missing data; among the most used is substitution by arithmetic mean and interpolation, which have been used in HFA (Hydrological Frequency Analysis). Interpolation consists of being able to estimate a function f(x) that describes the behavior of already known data and thus estimate an arbitrary x that is within the limits of known values. In this article, a study of different interpolation methods will be carried out to estimate missing parameters related to water quality in the Bogotá River.

   

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Title: Utilization of quarry dust in paving blocks
Author (s): Shyam Prakash Koganti, M. Sai Narendra, D. Jaya Krishna and Kaza Raga Sai
Abstract:

In India, National highways (NH) covers 1,00,087 km and other types of highways (state highways, major district roads, other district roads and village roads) covers 53,82,495 km. Sand is heavily used both in flexible and rigid pavements, created an increase in the demand of sand. As per National Highway Development Programme (NHDP), it is estimated to lay 30km road per day now. Presently, 71,772 km network of National Highways comprises only 1.7% of the total length of roads, but carries over 40% of the total traffic around the country both in length and breadth. Considering the target growth rate of about 9%, it is estimated that the total target National Highway network of about 85,000 km may be considered as reasonable for the 12th Five Year Plan (2012 – 2017), for the region development which are not connected by National Highway. During fifties concrete paver blocks were introduced due to scarcity of building materials in Holland. Paving blocks are in rectangular shape and bricks size. Paving blocks under non traffic category utilizes in Building premises, monument premises, landscapes, public garden/parks, domestic drives, paths and patios, embankment slopes, sand stabilization area, etc., Testing of compressive strength is classified into three series. The compressive strength results of quarry dust concrete (cubes) obtained in the first series, for normal cube it is observed as 28.45 N/mm2. In the second series, the change in grades up to 40 percent replacement increases the compressive strength. As the increase in age of concrete the compressive strength increase up to 30 percent replacement of quarry dust as a fine aggregate in the third series.

   

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Title: Development of optimized voltage level shifter for Nanoscale applications
Author (s): Srinivasulu Gundala, Kommu Siddhartha Mavovarakumar, Kona Naga Nandini, Sravani Gantala, Javisetty Ravi Sankar Varma and Chakrala Navya
Abstract:

Multi voltage clustered systems are the basic and vital power decrease techniques, these approaches employs Level shifters to interconnect “Multiple voltage domains” to reduce power in core/module level. The Level Shifter may considered as area, power and delay overheads when its own power, delays are high. We proposed a circuit technique with broad shifting range for Nanoscale applications. In this brief, for minimization of current contention to attain both efficient and robust level shifting, we introduced new LS with series of Diode current limiters, which minimizes the dynamic power and propagation delay. Implementation of the LS in 130nm technology makes the proposed LS in accomplishing both efficient and robust level shifting from deep sub-threshold voltage 0.15V to supply voltage 1.25V. The developed LS have attained an average propagation delay of 6.20ns, Energy efficiency of 26.5fJ.

   

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Title: Classical and non-linear predictive control applied to a non-linear system of coupled tanks
Author (s): Mayra Olaya Casanova, Hamilton Sánchez Lara and Diego F. Sendoya-Losada
Abstract:

This document presents the design, implementation and comparison of algorithms to control the liquid level in a non-linear system of two coupled tanks. First, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller was designed; then, a Model-based Predictive Controller (MPC) using the Non-linear Extended Prediction Self-Adaptive Control (NEPSAC) algorithm was designed. The performance of the controllers was evaluated in two scenarios: Setpoint Tracking and Disturbance Rejection. It is concluded that the NEPSAC algorithm presents better performance with respect to the PI, since the PI works correctly in regions very close to the setpoint while the NEPSAC, not requiring linearization of the system, has a performance that does not depend on the setpoint, presenting excellent characteristics at any reference point. To validate the results obtained, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used, which resulted in better values for the NEPSAC than for the PI.

   

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Title: Hybrid RSWHE-Power law transformation algorithm for improving the enhancement of the image
Author (s): Padmavathy V. S. and Priya R.
Abstract:

In image processing, contrast enhancement is an essential task due to the capability of improvement in image visibility. For improving the quality of the picture, the noise should be reduced, and the contrast should be high. The existing image enhancement methods do not have better performance when the model has a dark background. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid of Recursively Separated and Weighted Histogram Equalization and Power law transformation algorithm using DWT. DWT is used for the noise reduction, and RSWHE combined with Power law transformation is used for improving the brightness of the image. RSWHE algorithm enhances the low frequency components of the image, whereas the Power law transformation enhances the high frequency components of the image. This algorithm is combined with DWT and a Wiener filter as the denoise filter, to enhance the low contrast image to high contrast with less noise and by having weighting function which smoothens each sub-histogram of pictures and also decreases the effect of increasing intensity on a color image. Results illustrate that the proposed hybrid RSWHE-Power law transformation using DWT has improved performance in the image enhancement of the dark image. The contrast of the input image is highly improved with the proposed technique.

   

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Title: Galerkin-Vlasov method for the elastic buckling analysis of kirchhoff plate with one free edge and three simply supported edges under uniform uniaxial compression
Author (s): Onyedikachi Aloysius Oguaghamba and Charles Chinwuba Ike
Abstract:

This work presents the Galerkin-Vlasov method for solving the elastic buckling problem of Kirchhoff plate (length a and width b) under uniaxial uniform compressive load applied at the two opposite simply supported edges (x = 0 and x = a) with the edge y = 0 simply supported and the edge y = b free. Mathematically, the problem is a boundary value problem (BVP) represented by a partial differential equation (PDE) over the domain subject to boundary conditions at the plate edges. Upon suitable selection of basis functions the Galerkin-Vlasov method converts the domain equation to an integral equation, and ultimately to ordinary differential equations (ODE). The ODE is solved, and boundary conditions along y = 0, and y = b for the considered problem used to generate system of homogeneous equations in terms of the integration constants. The characteristic buckling equation is found as a transcendental equation from the condition for nontrivial solutions of the system of homogeneous equations. The roots of the transcendental equation obtained by computational software and iterative techniques are used to obtain the elastic buckling loads for the first two buckling modes, for various aspect ratios (a/b) and for Poisson ratio of m = 0.25. It is found that the critical elastic buckling load occurs at the first buckling mode, and the values of the critical elastic buckling loads computed are in close agreement with values obtained previously by Timoshenko.

   

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Title: Next generation main battle tank. Part II: Converting old MBTs into unmanned MBTs (UMBT)
Author (s): Luca Piancastelli, Eugenio Pezzuti and Stefano Cassani
Abstract:

Modern MBTs (Main Battle Tank) are extremely expensive. Many outdated MBTs and other armored vehicles, often lacking the required armor protection, are still kept in depots. It is now convenient to upgrade them to optionally unmanned weapons by adding a humanoid driver, and a robotic arm as a loader. Sensors, an optional automatic driving system, a control and communication suite would complete the transformation. The main armament and secondary armament may be also changed or upgraded. The off-the-shelf huge electronic equipment can be installed wireless inside the hull. The old crew compartment may be spoiled of all the human related parts. Only the driver seat may be kept in order to leave the capability to remove the humanoid, robotized driver and reinstate the human one. This upgrade should also include a diagnostic system for the vehicle, the sensors and the additional systems to reduce the maintenance burden. An additional, specialized, lightweight armor suite should be focused to protect the mobilization system, the robots, the control and the communication system. This second part of the paper introduces a few options to convert the Leopard 1 MBT to an optionally piloted UMBT (Unmanned Main Battle Tank). A first, minimal step, is just the automation of the original tank. In a second step, the weight is reduced by installing a smaller 60mm cannon with a lighter, but more numerous ammunition storage. A third step increases the firepower by installing on the main turret an automated turret with a 12.7 or 30mm cannon with an optional additional 7.62 machinegun. It is also highly advisable to add an APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) and a battery to reduce IR (infrared) signature, improve main engine life and reduce maintenance.

   

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Title: Side drainage design for roads using SDDRoads®
Author (s): Julián Andrés Pulecio Díaz, Oscar Camilo Valderrama Riveros and Myriam Rocío Pallares Muñoz

Abstract:

In this paper SDDRoads® software is introduced for the side drain design for roads using the rational empirical methods and the Continuity and Manning equations. The Hypertext Preprocessor (Php) programming language applied to develop SDDRoads® allows multiplatform running and since this is a Web application it works on all operating systems. SDDRoads® software helps to estimate the length of ditch for four triangular cross-sections, one of these built on ground and three ones built with concrete. SDDRoads® software proves to be an interesting calculation application to use from anywhere in the world for its versatility since being a Web application it could be installed in computer, tablet or Smartphone (multiplatform). The results obtained using SDDRoads® were satisfactorily verificated with a study case proposed by the INVIAS (2007) proving that SDDRoads® is able to solve designs adapted to the constructive reality of ditches from runoff coefficient (C), longitudinal slope of ditch (S), rainfall intensity (I), impluvium width (B) and velocity of water (v) data.

   

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