Use of manufactured sand in concrete has been an area of interest for many researchers across the globe. The available limited natural sand is unable to meet the growing demand of fine aggregate for the needs of construction. It is proposed to compare the physical properties of natural river sand with manufactured sand (M-sand). The current study was conducted on the mixes M30, M40 and M50. The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) was evaluated by changing the relative proportion of M-sand from 0 to 100%. Additionally, impact resistance tests and sorptivity tests were also conducted on the said mixes for the optimum proportion of the manufactured sand. Furthermore, the microscopic studies such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) were also conducted. Improvement in MOE and resistance to impact loading was observed with increase in grade of the mix. However, reduction in sorptivity was observed with increase in grade of concrete and the presence of M-sand. Moreover, a comparison was made between the experimental MOE values and those obtained from IS code. Microscopic studies revealed the presence of angular and rough surface of M-sand as compared to natural sand and it was fund to be the reason behind improvement in MOE and impact resistance and reduction in sorptivity.

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This article presents the design and implementation of a prototype dryer. This device will be used for the control and monitoring of the process of dehydration of tomatoes in rural areas of the municipality of Neiva. For this, sensors for the acquisition and measurement of variables such as temperature, relative humidity and weight based on the platform of free hardware-Arduino, are used. The data recorded during the monitoring are stored in a micro SD memory of 4GB and in addition a database is created. An application that allows the user to monitor the drying process of the tomato in real time through the software Visual Studio Ultimate 2013 and a Web page that allows remote monitoring are also presented. The sensor data is sent via XBee devices to a computer for storage and viewing. The prototype has an alert system that activates when the levels measured by the sensors are not adequate. This ensures a good drying process for tomatoes. Finally, the internal ventilation of the dryer and the covering system once the dehydration process has finished is done through an automated door.

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The new RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems) are mostly video cameras with wings whose ownership isn't enshrined in any Constitution. Rulers are rushing to do regulate the lack of safety and accountability for RPAS. In Italy ENAC (aviation Authority) legislated against random acts of stupidity and probable failures. For the current year of 2015, there is a forecast to sell $1bn worth of RPAS product. For these reasons the installation of RPS (Recovery Parachute System) on commercial RPAS is particularly interesting. A few RPS manufacturers have manufactured specific RPS systems for "drones" both rotary and fixed wing. However, these systems are designed with the same criteria of manned aerial vehicle. This paper demonstrates that the design criteria of RPAS are sensibly different from other applications. In particular the rate of descent during recovery should be reduced from 6m/s to 2m/s. This fact poses new challenges in parachute design. In fact RPS mass depends on parachute diameter that increases with low descent rates. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to design effectively RPS for RPAS up to 80kg by using nonwoven fabric in parachutes. In this way the RPS mass is a small fraction of the RPAS one. Deployment systems are not a problem for RPAS since masses are extremely small and the power necessity are accordingly limited.

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This paper is an analytical study of spliced ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) beams using finite element analysis to predict their load-deflection response. Two UHSC beams model was generated and analyzed by ANSYS15 and the results compared with the experimental results as a verification process. The resulted load deflection curve from the analytical work compared well to experimental results. The average difference between the two works was 98% in failure load results, and it was 85% in deflection results. A parametric study was then performed by modeling and analyzing another three non spliced and six spliced UHSC beams with three different steel fiber volumetric ratios (1.5% 1%, and 0.5%) and two different lap splice lengths (10 and 15 times diameter of bar). The obtained analytical results indicated that the volumetric steel fiber ratio has significant effect on the adequate lap splice length in UHSC beams.

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CRDID (Common Rail Diesel Engine) main advantage is the extremely high efficiency (up to 52%), the enormous amount of hours run and the flight readiness. Moreover, diesel fuel is safer than jet fuel and it is available everywhere. Therefore, refueling flights to airports or dedicated supply lines can be avoided. However, diesel engines are generally heavier than turboshafts and require an additional cooling system. This requirement is particularly stringent during near stationary operations of the helicopter. In fact, if fans are used for the cooling system, the available power is reduced with an increased penalty weight for the installation. For this reason the ejector exhaust system can be successfully used in CRDID powered helicopters. A feasibility study of the cooling system for a CRDID (Common Rail Diesel Engine) on a common light helicopter (Eurocopter EC 120-class) is introduced. Optimization of this system is performed. The total mass available for the CRDID is evaluated starting from fuel consumption and helicopter data. A derivative of an automotive engine is proposed for the turboshaft replacement. The result is that the ejector exhaust (augmenter) is extremely effective. Solid Works Flow Simulation confirms the ejector choice and the design criteria.

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Triple-Axis Tracking Control Algorithm is an algorithm on tracking that used to increase the performance of solar cell. The tracker will increase on three basic needs on electricity such as current, voltage, and power. It also works in moving platform such as mobile car. The implantation keys are to make maximize harvesting energy on solar cell. In the paper delivered the fundamental difference between static solar cell and dynamic triple-axis solar tracker. The end goal of the research is to find the right algorithm on triple-axis to maximize the output power of solar panel in moving platform as the new future smart grid.

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This paper proposes a novel approach for fault discovery of three-phase transmission line, which is primarily based upon the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DFT) and Back propagation neural network algorithm. Three phase currents of most effective one end are measured, and discrete features are extracted using Discrete Wavelet Transform. Those features are then used as inputs to the Back propagation neural network algorithm. The Training data set for Back propagation neural network Algorithm is obtained by way of simulating the ten extraordinary kinds of faults the use of diverse values of fault inception angles and fault resistances, so that the actual consequences may be received. The proposed Back propagation neural network algorithm employs twenty inputs and best one output for classifying the faults. The distinctiveness of the proposed approach is that all the features, data used in developing the Algorithm are normalized, so that the method may be used for any system with none significant changes. The simulation of the Three-phase transmission line network and discrete Wavelet Transformation analysis are achieved inside the toolboxes of MATLAB®, and Back propagation neural network Algorithm codes also are written in MATLAB®.

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This paper proposes a new segmentation technique called GMM. In order to identify the damaged buildings LANDSAT-8 multi-temporal images are taken i.e., before and after earthquake. Extraction of features is an important technique which maximizes the class similarities and minimizes the class dissimilarities. A new technique is proposed for identifying the changes in images by processing grey scale images and implementing Fast Discrete Curvelet Transform (FDCT). The main motive of implementing FDCT is to approximate properties and due the high directional sensitivity of this transform. For extracting features from the image, segmentation plays a key role. The accuracy results are compared with Watershed, Fuzzy, Ostu segmentation techniques. The results show that the proposed technique gives better accuracy compared to the existing techniques.

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In this paper, we consider a perturbed Markov decision process with the discounted reward criterion. The transition probabilities and discounted factor are perturbed slightly. We assume that the underlying process is completely decomposable in finite number of separate irreducible processes. We introduce the limit Markov control problem which is the optimization problem that should be solved in case of singular perturbations. In order to solve the limit Markov control problem, we propose an aggregation-disaggregation policy improvement algorithm which converges in a finite number of iterations to an optimal deterministic strategy.

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Excavator is heavy equipment used in construction, agriculture and forestry industries. Excavator has a primary function for digging and loading some materials, for instance rocky soil and others. Excavator has 3 sections consisting of attachment, base frame, and undercarriage. One section of undercarriage excavator that mostly needs routine maintenance is track shoe. Track shoe is the crawler or the outer wheel of excavator that serves as the motor of excavator. This section is always in direct contact with the soil which leads to wear. This research discussed the comparison of track shoe material before heat treatment and after heat treatment using quenching with oil media. The material was AISI 1526. The analysis conducted was micrographic test in which non-heat-treatment material went to ferrite and pearlite phases, while heat-treatment material turned into martensite phase. Hardness testing on non-heat-treatment material was 41 HRC, while heat-treatment material was 45.3 HRC. Wear testing on non-heat-treatment material was 1.28mm3/day, while heat-treatment material was 1.12mm3/day. Non-heat-treatment material had wear rate value of 0.51 mm/yr and heat-treatment material had 0.34 mm/yr. Microstructure testing of the sample was conducted by using optical microscope, hardness testing of the sample used Rockwell Hardness Tester, wear testing used Ogoshi High Speed Universal Wear Method, and corrosion testing used potentiodynamic polarization method. From the analysis results, hardness value was inversely proportional to wear and corrosion values; the harder the material, the smaller the wear rate.

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Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in a various useful applications, due to their low weight and low profile, compatibility, easy and cheap realization. A low profile patch antenna for WLAN application is proposed in this paper. A slot technique for microstrip antenna is proposed for better performance which is aperture slot on the design microstrip patch rectangular antenna. The study in this research is based on the performance of the aperture slot microstrip antenna, in terms of return loss, bandwidth and radiation pattern, by varying the aperture shapes. In this project, aperture shape is focused on "L" shape and is carried out from the design until simulation using Computer Simulation Tool (CST). The "L" slot aperture is designed in the middle of rectangular patch antenna. The feed line design in this project will be based on quarter wave impedance matching in order to match the 50 ? microstrip line with load impedance. For the slot design, the length and its width will be vary to get the best response. The slotted micro strip antenna in this comparison has almost the same design parameters as the one without the slot, with the obvious difference being that slotted antenna has an "L" shaped slot in the middle. This small difference, however, yields to a much higher return loss and increase in bandwidth. Moreover, even these results can be further enhanced by optimizing the size, shape and position of the slot. The rectangular patch antenna is design such that it works in the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) specification. The resonated return loss for simulated rectangular aperture slot is -29.49 dB while for the antenna without slot technique gives -17.63 dB. Radiation patterns of all antennas are simulated and the performance is acceptable. They produced E-plane Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) of 80º and H-plane HPBW of 110º.

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In current telecommunication situation, the antenna with wideband or multi-band effect are important for cater many users’ demands. In this research, the works explores the effect of additional rectangular shaped on the above of the dual layer microstrip patch antenna. Firstly, a basic microstrip patch antenna with a single layer of substrate (Design A) had been simulated using the CST Microwave Studio software. After that, the addition of another layer of substrate with parasitic element is shown as Design B. This proposed microstrip patch antenna resonates at two different frequencies of 2.396 GHz and at 2.543 GHz of frequency with - 36.8 dB and - 35.644 dB of return loss, respectively. The gain performance for both resonant frequencies at 2.396 GHz and at 2.543 is 5.035 dB and 4.814 dB, respectively. The bandwidth of the Design B antenna is 0.097 GHz (2.354 GHz - 2.451 GHz), had been increase compare with Design A performance of 0.039 GHz (2.380 GHz - 2.419 GHz). The second resonant frequency for Design B is only 0.028 GHz. (2.526 GHz - 2.554 GHz).

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Shock tower is an important automotive suspension components to absorb the shock loading condition by withstand its structure between the strut bars, where the spring and shock absorber are combined in one suspension unit which also replaces the upper control arm, the entire vertical suspension load is transmitted to the top of the vehicle's strut tower, where the spring and shock absorber may share the load separately. Therefore, in industries the Finite element analysis of shock tower components are carried by several road load condition to obtain better result in Durability Fatigue analysis. So the principle of the project is evolving shock tower design using the reverse engineering processes. This evolution of design will provide comparatively better result matches with actual condition. The processes involve in project are transformation of fine mesh from Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file which is Scanned from the competitor model and need to pass away the static analysis for given yield condition of the material and to carry the fatigue test for several load condition to obtain better quality than the scanned model. Moreover, the Main objective of the project is to evolve a design without any specific consideration and standard as it is going to evolve from reverse engineering based object so it must be satisfy the actual automotive consideration.

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Now-a-days segmentation of images has become a challenging task. In this paper, To Zero method and To Zero inverse methods are used for segmenting optical images which gives better results compared to existing methods. Edge detection is done by using Ratio of Averages (ROA), Laplacian method, Sobel filter and canny filter. Edge information is used to estimate the threshold values required for image segmentation. Image segmentation is done by using multilevel thresholding techniques which consists of Truncate, To Zero and To Zero Inverse techniques to get a better output and to overcome the limitations present in singe level thresholding. The input data is acquired by the Pleiades sensor from the Paris region in 2017. Segmenting input images using the proposed method was very satisfactory and the obtained results are very promising.

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Document storage in the cloud framework is quickly picking up ubiquity all through the world. Nonetheless, it postures dangers to customers unless the information is scrambled for security. Encrypted data ought to be viably searchable and retrievable with no protection spills, especially for the versatile customer. Albeit late research has settled numerous security issues, the design can't be connected on cell phones straightforwardly under the portable cloud condition. This is because of the difficulties forced by remote systems, for example, latency sensitivity, poor connectivity, and low transmission rates. This prompts a long inquiry time and additional system activity costs when utilizing customary hunt plans. This review addresses these issues by proposing a productive Encrypted Data Search plot as a Mobile Cloud Service. This creative plan utilizes a lightweight trapdoor (encrypted keyword) pressure strategy, which enhances the information correspondence handle by decreasing the trapdoor's size for activity effectiveness. In this review, we additionally propose two enhancement techniques for record seek, called the Trapdoor Mapping Table (TMT) module and Ranked Serial Binary Search (RSBS) calculation, to speed the inquiry time.

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