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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences
August 2019 | Vol. 14 No. 16 |
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Title: |
Mechanical study of concrete column
wrapped with natural fibres |
Author (s): |
R. Arun Vidhiyagar and S. Karthiga |
Abstract: |
Fibre
Reinforced Polymers (FRP’s) are made known into a vast field of civil
engineering functions. FRP is defined as a material which is composite
made of polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. Their ability involves
strengthening and rehabilitation of structures. The use of FRP as an
external confinement on cylindrical columns and on different wrapping
patterns helps us to determine the structural behaviour and variation in
confinement strength of structures. There are so many existing
researches in artificial fibres for confinement of structures and this
paper concentrates on wrapping of structures with Natural FRPs because
of its superior endurance and environmental friendly directories. In
this paper, 39 cylindrical specimens of diameter 150mm and height 300mm
are cast with m40 grade of concrete in which 9 specimens are unwrapped
and remaining 30 specimens are wrapped with FRPs. The wrapping pattern
includes different types such as one layer full wrap, two layer full
wrap, centre wrap, partial wrap and two layer wrap. Axial compressive
load is applied on all specimens and their strength is compared to find
an effective one. Two types of Natural fibres such as Flax and Hemp are
used for confinement in which 15 specimens are wrapped with flax and
remaining 15 specimens are wrapped with hemp. The percentage gain of
confinement strength of wrapped specimens are compared with different
patterns of wrapping and among with different fibres and also with
unwrapped specimens. |
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Title: |
A study on the behaviour of Geopolymer
concrete funicular shell |
Author (s): |
Sriram Jagadeep, N. P. Rajamane and D.
Arul Prakash |
Abstract: |
Compression structure provides an alternative construction technology
which optimizes the use of building materials and natural resources.
Geopolymer concrete is an eco-friendly and sustainable material which
gives initial setting, elimination of water curing, good durability and
mechanical properties. In the view of above considerations, present work
is carried out for funicular shells of different spans from 1m to 2m
with varying rises of L/10 to L/20 are analyzed by using SAP2000
software. Experimental study is carried for both conventional and
Geopolymer concrete funicular shells of specimens of size 1m X 1m and
the thickness of 30mm with and without Mesh Reinforcement. The solution
with 0.55MR were prepared along with 50% Flyash and 50% GGBS are used
instead of cement for the casting of cubes, cylinders and Geopolymer
concrete funicular shells. UDL load is applied over the shell; load
carrying capacity and deflection are measured. Analytical and
experimental results are compared. Funicular shell with mesh
reinforcement gives more strength than normal shell for both
conventional and Geopolymer concrete funicular shell. |
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Title: |
Experimental investigation of high
strength concrete beam with hybrid fibers |
Author (s): |
Karthick Rajan and C. Sudha |
Abstract: |
The
aim of this work is investigating the high strength concrete beam using
hybrid fibers with different grade of concrete M40 and M50. In this
study fiber is added into the concrete in different proportion 0%, 0.5%,
0.75%, 1% for testing the
Mechanical properties of concrete cube and cylindrical specimen were
prepared and for testing the flexural strength concrete beam was
prepared. Polypropylene and ceramic fiber were used in this study
ceramic fiber which high temperature resistance so few specimens were
has kept in the high temperature oven at 600 °C almost five hrs. Then
the flexural strength of concrete beam was analysed and other primary
test were conducted for cement coarse and fine aggregate and the
experimental result shows the addition polypropylene and ceramic fiber
in the concrete slightly improves the compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength of high strength concrete. |
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Title: |
Investigation on behaviour of FRP -
Concrete - Steel tubular column |
Author (s): |
C. Pavithra, Daggupati Subrahmanyam and N.
Lokeshwaran |
Abstract: |
FRP
has been generally acknowledged as a productive binding material for
cement as a result of its high solidarity to-weight proportion and
tailor-ability in mechanical properties. The concept of using various
materials optimally in order to achieve a more efficient member is
presented in this paper. Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) - Concrete-
Steel double skin tubular (FCSDST) column is an advancement that emerged
recently. It consists of outer FRP layer and inner steel pipe with
concrete infilled between the tubes obtaining many advantages over
existing columns in the vertical direction. This paper presents an
analytical study on the behaviour of FRP concrete steel tubular column
subjected to axial compression The stiffness and energy absorption
capacity are determined. The analytical program includes testing of 12
specimens having height 500mm, varying parameters like thickness of 2mm
& 4mm and diameter 160mm of the FRP tube and steel pipe of diameter
88.9mm of 1.6mm thickness. The analytical study has been carried out
using Finite element software. Comparing with regular concrete GFRP
attaining 25% more strength and prudent to other members. |
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Title: |
A computer simulation of the fuel
injection characteristics of a GDI injector according to the injector
driving pattern |
Author (s): |
Choong Hoon Lee |
Abstract: |
The
fuel injection characteristics according to the injector driving pattern
of a GDI (gasoline direct injection) injector were calculated by a
computer simulation. The injector needle lift, fuel injection rate, and
cumulative injected fuel mass were simulated by the computer. Five
injector driving current patterns were used. The five injector current
driving patterns combine peak & hold current waves. The fuel injection
duration was increased in steps of 0.5 ms from 0.5 ms to 3.0 ms. The
fuel injection durations for the computer simulation were greatly
shorted to 0.25 ms. The fuel injection pressures for the simulation were
50 bar, 100 bar and 150 bar. As the fuel injection duration was
shortened, the effects of the injector drive current pattern on the
injector needle lift, fuel injection rate, and cumulative injected fuel
mass became stronger. Specifically, the fuel injection characteristics
of the GDI injector varied considerably with the variation of the
driving current pattern at the fuel injection duration of 0.25 ms. The
dynamic flow range (DFR) characteristics of the GDI injector were
determined using the simulated results of the cumulative injected fuel
mass. The DFR curve showed linear characteristics for all injector
driving current patterns and fuel injection pressures in the fuel
injection duration range of 0.5 ms - 3.0 ms. |
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Title: |
Using interior point optimization
technique for mufflers cost reduction |
Author (s): |
Waleed El-Sallamy and Ahmad Abosrea |
Abstract: |
Muffling devices are essential parts of any vehicle/machine that uses
internal combustion engines. From automotive manufacturers point of
view, they contribute massive sheet metal processing and production
time, especially mufflers that are produced at high rates for commercial
vehicles. This paper is concerned to reduce the production cost of any
commercial automotive mufflers through theoretical studies and
experimental measurements verification. Mufflers design parameters
(transmission loss and pressure drop) were selected for performance
judgment, parameters were simulated and experimentally measured. The
transfer matrix method was used to calculate the propagation of sound
waves along the muffler. Interior point optimization algorithm in MATLAB
optimization tool box was used in this paper. A commercial automotive
muffler with a hybrid combination of dissipation and reflection was
selected for application and a new optimized design was proposed for
this muffler with a reduced manufacturing cost. The manufacturing
operation time was reduced by 92% and consequently the cost relative to
the original muffler was reduced by 60%. |
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Title: |
Stair step pattern and triangle pattern
synthesis using TLBO algorithm |
Author (s): |
R. Krishna Chaitanya, P. Mallikarjuna Rao
and K. V. S. N. Raju |
Abstract: |
Optimization methods have played a vital role in the design of Array
antenna. Array antennas have wide range of varying parameters which
cannot be predicted by traditional methods. Large random values are
involved in the design of Antenna parameters. Random optimization
methods are used in linear array antennas not only for beam shaping
methods but also for side lobe reduction and beam width optimization.
Stair step and triangle shape pattern are generated using TLBO
algorithm. Stair step is used for communicate to different entities at
different levels. Triangle pattern is used for communication to a
particular entity in particular direction. An error plot based on number
of iterations has been used to evaluate the error minimum value in order
to generate stair step and triangle pattern for linear array antennas
and the same are presented in this paper. |
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Title: |
Integration of fully reconfigurable
single-inductor DC/DC converter with AC grid for renewable energy
applications |
Author (s): |
S. Balaji, V. N. Ganesh, J. Ajay Danie and
D. Sivakumar |
Abstract: |
This
work presents a compact but fully functional design of a simplified
single inductor converter structure by combining and integrating basic
converters, keeping minimum number of operating switches. This gives a
fully reconfigurable structure of converter where all possible power
flow combinations among the PV panel and load are achieved by various
switching patterns. |
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Title: |
Chilled Water Pump trouble-shooting by A.
I.: A case study |
Author (s): |
Priyabrata Adhikary, Ashok Kumar, Sumit
Bandyopadhyay and Asis Mazumdar |
Abstract: |
Artificial intelligence (Artificial Neural Network-ANN, Fuzzy Expert
System - FES, Genetic Algorithm - GA etc.) are widely accepted as a
technology offering an alternative way to tackle complex and ill-defined
problems in HVAC industry. It can learn from previous data, are fault
tolerant, are able to deal with non-linear problems and, once trained,
can perform prediction and generalisation at a very high speed. It has
been used in diverse applications in controlling system, robotics,
manufacturing, optimisation, signal processing etc. This study presents
application of ANN in HVAC chilled water pump (Various Global Chilled
Water Pump Manufacturers: Grundfos, KSB, Armstrong, Kirloskar etc.)
trouble shooting. In all those models, multiple hidden layer
architecture has been used. Errors reported in these models are within
acceptable limits, which suggest that AI or ANN can be used for such
modelling. Good agreement was found between the ANN forecast results and
actual pump manufacturer data (not shown here for the company privacy
policy) for the Chilled Water Pump trouble shooting. To the best of the
author’s knowledge these novel approaches for application of Artificial
Neural Network (ANN)in chilled water pump (HVAC) trouble shooting
problem is absent in fluid mechanics literature due to its assessment
complexity. |
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Title: |
Effect factors of strut strength for
reinforcement deep beams |
Author (s): |
Eyad K. Sayhood and Nisreen S. Mohammed |
Abstract: |
The
strut efficiency factor ()
is an important for the strength of concrete for the analysis and design
of reinforced deep beams based on the strut and tie model. Because of
ACI 318M-14 code uses constant values for strut efficiency factor
,
the proposed empirical formulas used to evaluate the strut efficiency
factor will be based on the
effect of many parameters , the shear span to effective depth ratio of
beams (av/d), longitudinal
reinforcement percentage (),
horizontal reinforcement percentage (),
vertical reinforcement percentage (),
yield strength of reinforcement (),
and effective depth (d). A 121 reinforced deep beams from the literature
are used in this study to predict the proposed equation that have
minimize the mean absolute error
(MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and maximize the coefficient of
multiple determinations (R2).
A good results with the experimental strut efficiency factor and
proposed models as it has (R2 is
range 0.979 to 0.982). |
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Title: |
Performance analysis of transformation
techniques with prediction algorithms on diagnosing carotid plaques |
Author (s): |
Asha Kulkarni and S. M. Shashidhara |
Abstract: |
This
paper, attempts a novel prediction algorithms involving smart concepts
is being developed for the medical diagnosis field applications.
Premature diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is of paramount
significance, being the principal basis of fatality in western
countries. Fat or cholesterol deposition on the walls of the arteries
results in the growth of intima media thickness (IMT). These depositions
also called, as carotid plaques are the potential indicators of the CVDs
like atherosclerosis. Although majority of the literatures have dealt
the prediction of carotid plaque ominously, but, this paper attempts to
put a light on the performance indications of different prediction
algorithms which involves intelligent techniques like Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), with the transform
based feature extraction methods like Wavelet transform, Curvelet
transform, Haar method and Integer wavelet transform. MatlabTM
simulations on about 20 images of arteries with and without carotid
plaques is carried out which indicates that, the integer wavelet with
Haar Wavelet method performs better in the faster prediction of the
plaques. The proposed methods depicted in this paper shows the efficacy
of the developed method which is justified by the simulation results. |
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Title: |
A TRIZ-based approach in investigating
finger grip function degradation among elderlies |
Author (s): |
Dominic Wen How Tan, Poh Kiat Ng and
Ervina Efzan Mhd Noor |
Abstract: |
This
study aims to investigate the pressing issues of weak finger grip among
elderlies and examine the underlying causes and potential solutions. The
outcome of this study intends to benefit the development of ergonomic
finger grip enhancers for the elderly. A problem-solving tool known as
TRIZ was used to identify root causes to the problem and establish
engineering contradictions which led to the solution models. The
contradictions were resolved using proposed recommendations from some of
the 40 inventive principles of TRIZ. The recommendations were
cross-examined with existing inventions, concepts and ideas in order to
substantiate their viability. The inventive principles generated from
TRIZ included mechanics substitution/another sense, dynamisation and
parameter changes. These individual principles led the researchers
towards suggesting design ideas using visual feedback substitution,
extended “finger” mechanisms to stabilise griping and devices to assist
in force control. It may still be uncertain whether or not these ideas
can integrate well with one another. However, as initial
recommendations, these ideas have the potential to solve some of the
root causes for poor finger grip due to the corresponding support found
from previous studies. |
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Title: |
Design of NoC router with 3-PE, double and
triple error detection by using improved hamming code |
Author (s): |
M. Senthil Kumar and Md. Javeed |
Abstract: |
Network on Chip (NoC) router is mainly used in system on chip (SoC)
application. Millions of transistor integrated into a single chip is
called as very large scale integration (VLSI) to design a single
integrated circuit (IC). Also, millions of IC is integrated into single
chip is called as SoC. Hence, the routing is very difficult in SoC. To
avoid this kind of problem, the NoC router is incorporated into SoC
board. NoC router is mainly used to transmit data from source to
destination based on request. To set the priority, Priority arbiter is
used for which data will come first from multiple request at the time.
Lot of priority arbiter is available such as regular round robin
arbiter, distributive round robin arbiter, matrix arbiter… etc. FIFO or
buffer is used for temporary storage. Finite state machine (FSM) act as
controller of NoC router to control entire module. Network interconnect
is used for linking. Multiplexing and de-multiplexing operation is
carried out by Crossbar switch. The existing NoC router is designed with
two programmable elements (2-PE) & single error correction with double
error detection method by using hamming code. But the probability of
error detection is low and speed is very less. To overcome this problem,
the proposed NoC router is designed with three programmable elements
(3-PE) and triple error detection is performed with less number of
parity bit by using improved hamming code. Comparison between the
existing and proposed router is carried out to analyze the various
parameters. From the obtained results, it is illustrated that the
proposed NoC router offers high speed, Low area and the highest
probability of error detection than the existing NoC router. ModelSim
and Xilinx ISE tools are used for simulation and synthesis process.
Verilog HDL is used to design a different type of NoC router. |
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Title: |
Test results for hydraulic drives of
sucker-rod pumping units |
Author (s): |
Sergey Lavrenko, Ivan Klushnik and
Vladimir Iarmolenko |
Abstract: |
The
article analyzes the structural characteristics of drives for sucker-rod
pumping units (SRPU) used in oil production. It has been proven that it
is important to make the use of pumping units for oil production more
efficient, i.e. to reduce specific power consumption when extracting
formation fluids, to make pumping unit nodes more reliable, to implement
intelligent monitoring and control stations for comprehensive assessment
of well-SRPU system performance as well as to control drive parameters
in a wide range. We hereby present the results of pilot tests of
hydraulic SRPU. It is proven that hydraulic SRPU drives are optimal for
developing newly commissioned wells, for periodic and short-term
operation of wells, as well as removing asphaltene deposits. |
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Title: |
Experimental investigation on performance
of low temperature multilayer insulation |
Author (s): |
Shivang Naik, Shebaz A. Memon, Anand Bhatt
and Niraj K. Shah |
Abstract: |
Heat
leakage is a common problem involving cryogenics applications. Sometimes
it is undesirable and should be maintained at the minimum level. At low
temperature, it becomes more difficult to remove a given amount of heat
and discharge it at ambient temperature. These unwanted heat leakage
accounts into an economic burden and acts as a barrier in cryogenic
applications. Therefore the cryogenic vessels and transfer lines are
insulated with different types of Multi-Layer Insulations (MLI) which
are very effective. MLI consists of alternate layers of high reflective
shields or foils and separated by low thermal conductivity spacers. One
of the most effective cryogenics insulations (MLI) involves a high
vacuum. It is known that in high vacuum radiation plays a major role
because gas conduction and convection are negligible. In order to
improve mechanical strength and ease of application, Plastic materials
like Mylar and Fiberglass are coated with Aluminum foil. The spacers for
MLI are made of high resistive material. For the estimation of heat
transfer, Apparent Thermal Conductivity must be known. Due to
unpredictable changes in parameters such as uniform contact pressure and
interstitial pressure, accurate theoretical performance of MLI is very
difficult. Thus an experimental investigation has been carried out on a
few indigenous MLI materials like Fiberglass cloth, R P Tissue, Nylon
net etc. For that, a cylindrical boil off calorimeter has been developed
and standardized for testing of the thermal performance of insulation.
Its measurement principle for determining heat flux (Q) and Apparent
Thermal Conductivity (KA) of a test specimen at fixed conditions. The
present work is to develop optimum combination of shield and spacer from
available materials (Aluminum foil- Fiberglass cloth, Aluminum foil-R P
Tissue, Aluminum foil- Nylon net) by experimental investigation of
apparent thermal conductivity. |
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Title: |
Mathematical model of the cylinder
rotational oscillation in air flow |
Author (s): |
A. N. Ryabinin and N. A. Kiselev |
Abstract: |
The
paper describes the mathematical model of the rotational oscillations of
the elastically fixed cylinder with flat stabilizer in the airflow. The
cylinder has the single degree of freedom. It can rotate around axis
that is perpendicular to cylinder axis and air velocity vector. The
ratio of the length and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to 2. The
model predicts the oscillation of the cylinder with constant amplitude.
Two cases are considered. In the first case, the cylinder has only
stabilizer. In the second case, the cylinder has not a stabilizer and is
supported by elastic holder. Predictions of the mathematical model are
verified in the wind tunnel experiments. |
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Title: |
Biochar from coconut frond as adsorbent
for malachite green dye removal |
Author (s): |
Shalney Pohs, Shafira Mahusin, Rosmawani
Mohammad and Mardawani Mohamad |
Abstract: |
The
use of low cost and eco-friendly adsorbent has been explored as
alternatives to the current expensive pollutants removal methods. In
this study, biochar from coconut frond (BCF), an agricultural waste was
investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye, Malachite
green (MG) from aqueous solution. Factors affecting dye adsorption such
as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time and pH were
investigated in a batch mode. BCF was prepared at a carbonization
temperature of 800°C which resulted in the best percentage of MG removal
(> 99%) at the optimized condition. The Langmuir and Freundlich
isotherms have been employed to study the adsorption mechanism and
favorability. The adsorption of MG dye using BCF was best explained
based on the Langmuir model with the adsorption capacity of 126.58 mg/g.
The result showed that the BCF has the potential as an efficient
adsorbent for MG dye removal in aqueous solution. |
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Title: |
Comparative study of steel and glass fibre
reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in RC members |
Author (s): |
Rifat Resatoglu and Muhammad Sagir
Muhammad |
Abstract: |
Corrosion of steel reinforcements is one of the main problems in
reinforced concrete structures that shortens their serviceability and
reduces their strength. The RC structures in coastal environments are
usually exposed to early deterioration and damage due to the existing
extreme conditions that initiates corrosion. Glass fibre reinforced
polymer (GFRP) bar is regarded as a next generation substitute material
to conventional steel bars. This paper focuses on the behavior of GFRP
reinforcement bars and steel reinforcement bars in RC members in terms
of bonding and flexure. The flexural behaviours were compared
experimentally and using finite element analysis (ABAQUS). 6 beam
specimens were used having dimensions 750x150x150mm and were subjected
to four-point bending test until failure. Reinforcement ratios of 1%,
1.4% and 2.1% were adopted using each type of the reinforcement bar. The
ultimate load capacity and flexural strength of the steel RC beams was
higher than GFRP RC beams, the failure modes experienced in both beam
are generally shear failures but the GFRP RC beams exhibited more
flexural cracks. The crack width of GFRP RC beams was higher than steel
RC beams but is independent of the reinforcement ratios. The finite
element analysis results closely agree with the experimental results. |
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Title: |
Simple maximum power point tracker based
on perturb and observe technique for PV module |
Author (s): |
E. T. El Shenawy and Aiat Hegazy |
Abstract: |
Solar
energy can play an important role in solving the energy problems in
those countries lie in the Sun Belt. Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of
the useful applications for solar energy. For any PV module, both
current and voltage vary proportionally to the load and the solar
radiation level as a nonlinear relation, which causes the continuous
variation of the maximum power point (MPP). Since the maximum power for
a certain load can be taken from the PV module at a distinct point for
each radiation level, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be used to
follow the optimum operating point. This paper presents design and build
a simple MPPT based on perturb and observe technique for a small DC load
driven by a PV module. The experimental results showed that using the
proposed MPPT promotes a good matching between the PV module and its
load. According to the good matching, the daily output energy can be
increased by about 37-42% more than that of the direct coupling between
the load and the PV module. |
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Title: |
Optimized Memory Polynomial with Binomial
reduction in Digital Pre-distortion for wireless communication systems |
Author (s): |
Hong Ning Choo, Nurul Adilah Abdul Latiff,
Pooria Varahram and Borhanuddin Mohd. Ali |
Abstract: |
The
non-linearity of the Power Amplifier (PA) causes signal amplitude and
phase distortion which contributes to Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI).
Moreover, today’s inevitable increasing bandwidth and transmission speed
causes Memory Effects, an undesired scattering of the PA output signal.
Among various PA linearization methods, Digital Pre-distortion (DPD)
stands out due to its balanced advantages and trade-offs in
implementation simplicity, bandwidth, efficiency, flexibility and cost.
An accurate modeling of the PA is required by the DPD, where the highly
popular Memory Polynomial Method (MP) is used to model the PA with
Memory Effects but with reduced complexity. This project presents the
Memory Polynomial with Binomial Reduction method (MPB) which is a
performance optimized MP with reduced addition and multiplication
operations. When compared to MP, MPB is capable of achieving
improvements in Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) of up to 35dB. The
MPB and MP methods are simulated/compared using a modeled ZVE-8G Power
Amplifier and sampled 4G (LTE) signals. |
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