Around the world, there has been an increasing tendency toward the use of artificial reefs (ARs) to enhance recreational opportunities and offer coastal protection. The placement of artificial reefs (ARs) on the seafloor in a variety of configurations results in a range of flow characteristics. The first parameters that contribute to the best hydrodynamic qualities in terms of the ARs layout remain unknown. The present work conducts numerical research on the hydrodynamics of ARs with three rows, with a particular emphasis on how to enhance the complicated wake region when the spacing between the reefs varies. The tube artificial reef system with zig-zag formation is investigated using a complete three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD) technique using the renormalization group (RNG) k-eturbulent model. Through several numerical simulations, it is found that the configuration of the reef groups with spacing between tubes of 1.5 D has the greatest effect on the wake region. Additionally, to minimize beach erosion, the ARs should be deployed 10 meters from the shoreline. This study establishes a scientific basis for the arrangement of artificial reefs and their relationship to the shoreline.

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Deaths caused by the road accidents in present day is increasing constantly and major of this are being caused because of not following the few basic traffic rules which are must and should like wearing the helmet and not drunk and drive etc. and lack of communication of accident occurred to the respective members like family, hospital, police station etc. These accidents are causing to death of the person so for this issue we proposed a smart solution with smart system which make ensure the person driving the vehicle to follow the basic traffic rules and if the is not following those rules then our system wont allow the person to drive the vehicle by stopping the ignition of the vehicle and if any accident occurs in the mid-way of the journey then our system will classify the type of accident and if the accident is major then it will start notifying the respective members with an email notification containing the GPS location of the person and cause of the accident.

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Biodegradable surfactants can be obtained from natural lipo amino acids from renewable raw materials. Stearoyl lysine is an environmentally friendly surfactant and was synthesized by amidification reaction of octadecanoic acid and lysine. Evaluated for their reaction variables, such as catalyst ratio (A), substrate ratio (B), and solvent ratio (C), to the amount of octadecanoic converted to stearoyl lysine has been optimized using Box Behnken Design. Significantly, variables A, C, AC, BC, A^2, B^2, and C^2 had a significant effect on the response, namely the conversion of octadecanoic acid. However, the quadratic model needs to be reduced because the difference between the adjusted R-squared and the predicted R-squared is more than 0.2.

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Purpose is to propose methodological approach optimizing the parameters of a coal mine operation under diversification. Productive flows of coal mines have been considered as well as production functions. To solve the diversification problem, ratios between the types of the invested capital and output level in the form of raw material have been compared. Cobb-Douglas production function has been applied to develop a model supporting the coal mine activities; in this context, diversification potential of the activities is involved. For the first time, a model optimizing the mining parameters under diversification has been proposed. The model demonstrates the production functions-resources ratios. The developed model helps control temporally the efficiency of manufacturing resources, determine overall production, calculate the basic parameters of a coal mine operation, and define the resources helping increase its efficiency. In the first place, the diversification potential of mining production has been considered at the expense of changes in the productive flows. Methodological recommendations have been provided as for the production activities of mining industry. Innovatively, internal potential of the operation schedule has been examined to improve functioning efficiency of a mine; moreover, components of the potential have been analyzed. The abovementioned has made it possible to formulate managerial decisions being determination of output as well as ratios between the generated resources, required to support the output; constant monitoring of their use while determining adequate ratio between the fixed assets, labour force, and material resources; and determination of transposability of the productive flows within the total balance. To be used in practice, the paper proposes certain methods defining the rational output from the viewpoint of production activities as well as correlation of the operating resources to achieve the specified production scale. In such a way, return on assets is improved in terms of similar degree of the key assets, labour, and material use. To apply the technique properly and efficiently, a particular case has been considered determining an optimum production method for a coal producer.

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Climate change exhibits a complex, non-linear behavior that is characteristic of fractal model theory. Analyzing climate dynamics in the Chingaza National Natural Park according to this context presents a different and complementary approach to the methodologies used in the country to date. Taking into account the fragility, sensitivity and vulnerability of the paramo, a strategic ecosystem of nascent evolution, important in the production and regulation of water, with ample biosphere richness, and with a high level of biodiversity and cultural richness, the information obtained is relevant in the elaboration of mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change, in making the right decisions in order to prevent the extinction of the paramo, to prevent the extinction of ecosystems, maintain the environmental supply and ecosystem services. For this purpose, climate trends were studied, and models based on fractal geometry were used to analyze the time series of the climatic variables of precipitation and temperature in the Natural Park. This research enriches the current knowledge current knowledge on climate change in Colombia's natural protected areas to safeguard the natural functions and integrating elements of these areas, which are fundamental in the conservation and preservation of ecosystems.

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The paper presents the development of battery based power train models for electric vehicles. The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is considered as cleaner and green energy transportation and reduce the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission globally. The detailed literature survey is presented along with design of battery based power train models in Matlab with detailed structure. Precisely, the designed work aims at arranging the basic foundation and development of HEV benchmark to be matched in real time simulation. The new power train design is based on the strategy of energy allocation, management and consumption to attain all driving range operations under Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) driving Cycle. This study focused on the energy-saving of battery electric vehicle for defined driving distance in UDDS driving cycle. The simulation results were analyzed for effective utilizations of battery management system. The developed model will give the benefits of pollution free, less maintenance cost, noise elimination in power train, improved energy management functions, and increased efficiency towards energy savings.

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Studies in pendulums (oscillatory motion) are significant in physics, engineering, and other fields of knowledge and continue to be a topic of active research. Considering the Lagrangian formalism and using the technique of variation of canonical variables, the physical symmetrical pendulum was studied. Using the conservation laws, we introduce the effective one-dimensional potential, which depends on the dimensionless variable ? (related implicit with nutation angle) and parametrically on reduced energy e and two reduced angular momenta,p1 and p2. Only three modes (plane, elliptical, and conical) were studied using the effective potential. An advantage to using this approach was to obtain approximate analytical expressions to study the phase diagrams that show the pendulum's behavior; therefore, in the plane mode, the motion is on a plane, in the elliptical mode, the pendulum moves quasi elliptical, and in the conical mode, the pendulum vibrates at a single point - the three modes depending on the initial condition. An advantage of this approach was to obtain approximate analytical expressions to study the phase diagrams for these three modes. This approach simplifies and visibility a complex problem as the oscillations of the physical pendulum.

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In the present work, an automated and specialized control device is proposed for an experimental farm's irrigation system to control the water supply and make it more efficient appropriately. An analysis of the operating conditions in the experimental farm's irrigation system is carried out before being automated. The different types of irrigation, the techniques to be used, the variables necessary for applying these techniques, and the machinery and tools used for irrigation are analyzed to achieve this work. As a result, a specialized device for irrigation control is implemented with multiple functions that respond to the application area's needs. This device is robust, stable, and capable of expanding its capacity to adapt to the applied field, as well as saving resources and achieving greater effectiveness in terms of the irrigation process.

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Home Automation has gathered attention in delivering convenience and improving the quality of life for the past decades. People have easier access and feedback with their home appliances within their home networks. As these kinds of systems are emerging, it gave birth to the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) which is also becoming a fast-disruptive technology for business opportunities, research, and hobbies wherein Machine-to-Machine (M2M) wireless communications are achievable. The most common wireless standards implemented in Home Automation Systems are IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), ZigBee, Z-Wave, and LoRa. This research aims to develop a home automation system that utilizes the ZigBee standard as the mode of communicating wirelessly to an Arduino microcontroller.

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Aluminum AA 1100 is an alloy of Al 99.05%, Si 0.24%, Fe 0.43%, Cu 0.17%, Zn 0.11%. The oxy-acetylene welding is a manual gluing without pressing where the surface to be joined is heated until it melts by the flame of acetylene gas with or without filler. The method used in this study is an experimental method with the process of joining specimens using oxy aceteline welding (C2H2 combustion with O2) and for the process of measuring the mechanical properties of the welding results using a bending test and tensile test. The measurement results on the oxy-acetylene welding process of AA 1100 aluminum plate using borax showed that the average tensile strength value was 74.43 MPa and the average bending strength of the specimen was 38.75 Kgf.

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