In an existing aircraft landing system, the generator is used for driving the electrical systems, whereas brushless DC generator (BLDC) is used as an auxiliary generator in case of failure in the main generator. In order to improve the performance of a brushless DC generator various parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, torque, lube oil flow, lube oil temperature, lube oil pressure are measured. Previously these parameters were measured by Data Acquisition System (DAS) with minimum sampling rate. The output voltage was fluctuating and was not maintained at 28V. In the proposed system the parameters to be measured are sensed using various sensors and the same is acquired into the system through Data Acquisition System with increased sampling rate and LabVIEW software. At various speeds, the operation of the system under no load and loaded conditions is checked and if there is any deviation from the set values, corresponding control action is taken. The output voltage is maintained constant at 28 V, which was difficult in the existing system.

Full Text

A compact printed wideband antenna with circular polarization is analyzed in this work. A basic structure of rectangular monopole is converted into a trapezoidal shape with tapered step ground. Different iterations of radiating element as well as defected ground structures are examined in this work to analyze the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna. A peak realized gain of 4.3dB and peak directivity of 3.8dB is attained from the current designed models. The design models are simulated on HFSS tool and the optimized dimensions are prototyped on FR4 substrate for measurement validation. By incorporating Split ring resonator (SRR) notch band characteristics are attained in the proposed wideband antenna.

Full Text

Machinery Vibration signal and analysis of the fault signal of rotating machine is one of the important for fault diagnosis and a method based on enforced de-noising and EMD with double density wavelet. In order to remove the hidden noise in the high frequency fault signal, the enforced threshold butterworth band pass filter is used. The proposed system decompose the signals into finite samples, using Modified EMD for number of stationary intrinsic mode function (IMFs), and the double density wavelet transform is used to convert the IMF’s of time domain to frequency domain. The proposed method could extract the fault condition effectively with less response time.

Full Text

Because of the significantly larger drainage area over the vertical wells, it is recognized that horizontal wells produce more than twice the flow rate of a vertical well under the same drawdown pressure which also reduces the occurrence of coning. Then, horizontal well drilling has increased around the well; therefore, it is so important to describe and predict well pressure behavior and develop tools for well test data interpretation. Although, there is already a methodology for pressure transient analysis for the mentioned well configuration, known as TDS technique, this does not included neither hemilinear flow, parabolic flow nor open flow boundaries. Besides, most of the equations for gas well have not been introduced in the literature. This paper deals with this situation and presents a detailed synthetic interpretation example of the complemented interpretation technique.

Full Text

In this paper, we address the problem of searching data in a group of encrypted data which is hosted by cloud. Cloud computing allows us to make data available online through the internet. Cloud computing is a concept where servers are connected to the internet and allowed for access to the public or private person using interconnected network. This, although a very good feature, does not provide privacy. There are risks of data being stolen or edited without the authorization of the owner. This in turn leads to security risks. If the data is encrypted using an encryption algorithm, it is hard to search the content for a specific data. The search capacity has to be compromised for the sake of security. This problem of searching encrypted data has been overcome by the usage of FMS. There are three references that we can take from already existing technological contributions. First, the usage of preference factor in cloud computing to give a neat UI experience for the customer or user who tries to search for a data in our search work. Second, the usage of logical operations inside the encrypted data in order improves speed and reduces size. Finally the concept of trapdoor has been taken from previous original contributions, which serves as the search methodology in a real-world dataset for ensuring privacy in search. This method is used to improve the overall accuracy and efficiency of the search and functional ability of the code.

Full Text

This article describes the integration method of mobile applications with corporate information system (CIS) through the previously proposed interaction architecture based on integration environment. The structure of the integration environment, which includes new approaches to the organization of data storage, conversion and presentation, is described in detail. Also this article represents the algorithm for implementation of CIS mobile applications integration including the proposed structure of integration environment.

Full Text

Information prefetching is a method on the breaking point servers in suitable file frameworks for scattered figuring. The prefetching file data about customer focus focuses is piggybacked onto the true customer input/output asking for, and a while later sent to the corresponded stockpiling server. The prefetched data can be pushed to the related client machine from the purpose of restriction server. Prefetching system can benefit went on file structures for cloud circumstances to fulfill better input/output execution. The part first request about plate input/output tracks to suspect the future circle input/output get to so that the limit servers can bring data early, and starting now and into the foreseeable future the prefetched data to basic client file systems for future potential occupations. In this paper, we proposed a thought to get cloud record scattered the prefetched data to the key client machines proactively. The data about customer focuses is piggybacked onto the true blue customer input/output asking for, and after that sent to the essential stockpiling server.

Full Text

Application of digital technology allowed to analyze a bearing surface of flat parts made from VT22 alloy during grinding by high porous wheels (HPW): CBN30 (B76, B126, B151) 100 OV K27 – KF40 and (37C, 39C) 46 I12 VP produced by Norton company. A pseudo-regular macro relief with straight-through cavities was identified on the surfaces of parts; the cavities are located along their length, and the intensity of the formation of cavities is concentrated in the zone of cutting into HPW with transversal feed. After ending of transversal movement its zone of contact with HPW is rapidly decreasing reaching zero. That strengthens the formation of a bearing surface of parts without connecting cavities on a surface, which are correlated with a transversal movement. Among CBN HPW the largest bearing surface was demonstrated by fine grain tools, and among Norton HPW – grains 37C. For the increase of a bearing surface of parts it is necessary to decrease the cutting depth t in the end of a path. The best precision was demonstrated by Norton HPW: 37C at t =0.005 mm, 39? at t =0.01 mm.

Full Text

Rose is a major cut flower in Batu city - East Java Province, Indonesia. Crown of roses has been known to contain anthocyanin pigments from the group of flavonoids. Lately, polyphenolic flavonoid pigment was widely studied due to its high antioxidant power. In vivo studies of antioxidant power in liver were performed through SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) analyses. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant power of anthocyanin pigments contained in the crown of roses. Samples were obtained from rose farmers in the village of Sidomulyo, district of Batu, East Java. Pigment was firstly extracted using distilled water and citric acid solvent. The extract was then filtered using Whatman paper 41 and concentrated in a rotary vacuum evaporator at 50°C. Following fractionation of C18 (Shimadzu chromatograph: acetonitrile 100% and 4% formic acid), isolates obtained were tested in white rats for antioxidant power using activity of SGOT and creatinine. Results showed that SGOT content of white rats treated with 100% anthocyanin isolates was decreased from 117.542 U/l to 18.267 U/l; whilst for creatinine was decreased from 1.243 mg/dl to 0.474 mg/dl. These values have approached the normal levels of rats without CCl4 injection, i.e. 17.075 U/l and 0.432 mg/dl, respectively.

Full Text

According to the statistics one or two bus roll-overs monthly take place in the world. Such vehicular accidents are the most dangerous for buses shuttling to 60 people. As a rule, a bus driver is at-fault. When vehicular accident is sure, it is necessary to be supported by systems reducing the accident severity of a driver and passengers. These systems refer to passive safety of the bus design and its body is the main. The paper has analyzed the issues concerning increasing impact strength properties of the bus body in roll-over. Particularly, the paper offers to consider the degree of impact of the window sill elevation on the bus body deformation in roll-over.

Full Text

Overturning the bus is the most dangerous type of road traffic accident, because in the case of "folding" body window frames remaining living space in the passenger compartment is considerably reduced. This leads to serious injury and even death of passengers. In Russia, the new buses pass certification tests, which assess the strength of the body structure. However, indicators that assess Traumatic bus passengers do not have to date. The paper proposes a new indicator that can solve this problem.

Full Text

Abstract:

Nowadays, remote health care monitoring (RHCM) becomes an intense research area. In which medical signals and images needed to be transmit from patient to doctor and vice versa. In such a scenario image processing plays a vital role. Medical image in its raw form requires a lot of memory for storage. To cope up this in a remote health care monitoring system to develop image compression techniques to preserve image quality while transmission. There are various methods are used for this data compression like Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Among these DWT is for multi-resolution transformation and DCT for high energy compaction with less energy resources. In this paper we proposes a new algorithm for compressing cardiac image suitable for health care monitoring based on Minimized Matrix Size Algorithm and arithmetic encoder, decoder performs the better performance than slandered standalone JPEG based DCT and DWT algorithms in terms of compression ratio and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). At the receiving end the decompressing is performed based on limited sequential search algorithm. The proposed techniques are compared with Huffman encoder based algorithms. Experimental results confirm that performance of the proposed techniques is better than the conventional techniques.

Full Text

The purpose of this article is to represent an extension of the classical notion of fuzzy sets to estimate the condition of complex systems, which is based on the dynamic fuzzy sets concept. In this article, the authors prove the necessity to use dynamic fuzzy sets to estimate the condition of a complex system. Firstly, we present the basic definition and construction method of dynamic fuzzy sets. There are described analytical and graphical representations of dynamic fuzzy sets, which are represented by dynamic membership functions constructed in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where one of the axes in the graph captures the time variation of the properties of the economic objects expressed by a set of numbers with fuzzy function. We develop the simulation of dynamic membership functions by expressions of expert assessments on multilevel fuzzy description of the complex indicators, which are made in strict sequence from a reference point and bifurcation points, selection of functional dependencies, to build a static membership functions, and then the dynamic membership functions on the whole interval assessment. Finally, we develop a few software systems to interactive construction dynamic membership function. Thus, this paper can provide interactive process of expert assessment of complex dynamic systems, which include quantitative and qualitative indicators.

Full Text

In many organizations information extraction from printed documents is a complementary problem. This scenario will not suit for other application domains such as the web. Printed files do not have any explicit structure also fails to identify about their sources. We provide a common system name called PATO that will extract the pre defined information from printed documents. PATO selects the source specific text needed by every document and checks if there is no suitable text exists, and generates one text if needed.

Full Text

In this study, we carried out land cover change detection using satellite remote sensing data. The data came from Landsat-5 TM satellite covering the area of Klang, located in Selangor, Malaysia. Initially, region of interests (ROI) were drawn on each of the land cover classes identified in order to extract the training sets. Landsat bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were then used as the input for the Support Vector Machine classification. The accuracy of the classifications was then assessed by comparing the classifications with a reference data set using a confusion matrix. The classification results were used to identify the conversion of land cover from year 2000 to 2005, using statistical change detection techniques. The outcomes of change detection analysis are reported in terms of pixel counts, percentages and areas.

Full Text

National efforts to improve air quality in heavily populated urban communities-by reducing vehicular tailpipe emissions-have rekindled interest in the development of electric vehicle technology and infrastructure. Electric vehicles make ideal urban-commuter vehicles, for driving to and from. To fulfill increasing demand for higher dependability in power semiconductor converters applicable in electrical vehicles, fault detection (FD) and mitigation is a very important. During this study, a model-based on open semiconductor switch fault and closed semiconductor switch fault designation methodology is conferred for a voltage-source electrical inverter (VSI) supply a Squirrel Induction motor drive. To understand this goal, a model-based designed by using Simulink. After that, the model is studied with and while not of each open and short faults. Afterwards, the planned FD technique identifies the faults within the H-bridge cell. The conferred FD technique is easy and fast; additionally, it's able to sight multiple open switch or open faults in distinction to standard ways. On the opposite aspect, so as to mitigate the occurred faults, the fault occurred switch leg of the cell has been shorted.

Full Text

In this paper we presented a dual core Octagonal shape Photonic Crystal Fiber to achieve a high negative dispersion coefficient of -1650 ps/ns/km at a communication wavelength 1550nm. The effect of structural parameters on birefringence, dispersion and the coupling length of designed fiber is analyzed using coupling mode theory and the full-vector finite element method (FEM). In the cladding region, the air hole diameter is reduced to achieve a high negative dispersion coefficient. This design support single- endless transmission over a wide wavelength range of 1350-1750nm including S, C, L bands of communication system. This dual core PCF design achieved a short coupling length in the range of (32-36) µm and a birefringence value in the order of 10-3 is also observed.

Full Text

The design of circuits using reversible logic has resulted in optimization of power dissipation. The reversible computation has found its application in low power circuit design, DNA computing and Quantum computing. Basic reversible gates can be used to realize Boolean functions in reversible logic design. A T Flip flop has been designed in this work and used to implement an Asynchronous counter. The optimized T Flip Flop design has been compared with the existing T flip flop. The design proposes reduced power dissipation and gate delay and is significantly lower than the existing system. The design is developed on Xilinx ISE 9.1i, the simulation was done on ModelSim and Xilinx Xpower was used for power analysis.

Full Text

The dual role of cyanobacteria in wastewater phycoremediation for sustainable biomass production combined with biorefinery approach is a feasible option. Phycoremediation is the process of employing algae for removing excess nutrient load from wastewater and subsequently diminish the pollution load. Industrial processes for olive production generate a considerable amount of oil wastewater, designated "olive mill wastewater" (OMW) known as alpechin, it caused serious environmental problems particularly in the Mediterranean areas where it is generated in huge quantities in short periods of time. The objective of this research was to study the ability of three cyanobacteria strains (Nostoc muscorum, Anabaena oryzae and Spirulina platensis) to grow, either individually or in a mixture, on relatively high olive mill wastewater (OMW) concentrations of 50, 75 and 100%. The highest phenolic compounds biodegradability and maximum biomass production have been taken as main criteria in the selection of the best treatment in this study. Best results of all growth parameters and phenolic compounds degradation were obtained by mixed culture and 50% OMW and these parameters make the potential of bio-formulating such these wastes into sources for olive trees bio-organic fertilizer is the most preferable methods for the agro-sustainable system. The cultivated algal species are suggested to be a promising feedstock for biodiesel, food and animal feed production according to the biochemical composition.

Full Text

This work provides an overview upon the problems posed by the variable sampling times of the data recorded during general anesthesia. The time instant at which the data were saved into the database is not following a fixed interval; i.e. the real signals were recorded at variable sample-time intervals. This situation can produce numerical errors and erroneous results when the signals are employed for identification or control tasks. In this contribution, real data measured from the patients are pre-processed and the methods for a fixed resampling procedure are analyzed with respect to effort-result trade-off. The result is a useful database with suitable signals to be used for identification and control purposes.

Full Text

Biodiesel is one of the feasible alternatives to minimize the diesel shortage in Egypt and worldwide. It produced by transesterification of oils and fats in presence of homogenous or heterogeneous catalysts. Feedstock is the controlling factor of biodiesel industry. However, virgin vegetal oils are expensive to obtain biodiesel, so utilization of spent cooking oils (SCO) is considered a cheap alternative for biodiesel production. In this research, techno-economic appraisal was performed on the Egyptian biodiesel business using SCO as feedstock, and homogeneous (KOH) and heterogeneous (Phosphate rock, Na2SiO3 and CaO) catalysts. The economic analyses were then compared; to determine the most effective technique for biodiesel production. Also, sensitivity and break-even analyses were evaluated for all catalysts on the variations in SCO and biodiesel prices using simple rate of return (SRR). PR is recommended to be the ideal catalyst for biodiesel industry according to the current situation in Egypt.

Full Text

Providing the timely help to the affected victim is paramount important for any disaster like earth quake, landslides, tsunami etc. In Disaster Emergency Management requires an effective alert message in disaster. In the existing implementation, the alert was improper about the earthquake and delaying rescue process for saving the people. In the proposed system investigate the online chat based on user tweets. The server needs to learn the user tweets by using of vector machine learning algorithm and classify the user tweets by using Naive Bayes classifier and it’s separating positive and negative tweets. The location and disaster is extracted by using Stemming algorithm and also removing unwanted words from user tweets. The system crossed Maximum occurrence of particular keyword like Tsunami along with particular time and a particular location. Automatically system will send the emergency alert to the registered users as well as Nearest Rescue Team through both SMS and E-mail.

Full Text

Resource allocation in cloud systems generally operates on the basis of the overall usage. Academic clouds usually have specific requirements corresponding to specific resources. This contribution presents a multi cloud resource provisioning model that operates on the basis of the intensity of the user requirements. Another major area being concentrated in the current study is the usage of e-learning materials. These materials tend to contain information that relies on heavy bandwidth usage. Further, these materials are being accessed by external users from different geographical locations. Hence by using multiple deployment locations, access speed and usability could be improved and would also help in effective management of workload. This paper presents an effective mechanism to enable cloud package selection specifically tuned to the needs of e-learning users. Region based user clustering is performed and cluster based quality requirements are identified by this approach. These quality parameters are used as the baseline requirements to select appropriate packages from cloud vendors. Since the process is widespread and is across several geographical barriers, multi cloud based package selection is preferred over utilizing a single cloud provider to avoid vendor lock-ins.

Full Text

Recent trend in reduction of cost, durability, reliability, and less weight with excellent mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion, composites find a huge application in all fields of engineering and are greatly used in day to day life in many fields. Properties like high specific weight, stiffness etc. made everyone to look for replacing the conventional metals and alloys with composites. In order to use them effectively according to our required size and shape machining is necessary, but during machining an appreciable amount of heat is generated and this affects the structural properties of composites. The present paper aimed at presenting the past work done in this area.

Full Text

The article is devoted to the task of damping of elastic systems by the use of the dynamic properties of the composite systems such as (elastic - plastic). The vector of generalized resistance force to traction of the composite system was obtained. The dynamic operation of the system was shown.

Full Text

With rapid progress taking place in the world in a wide variety of domains, it becomes imperatively necessary to improve the quality of life. Even though technology has made its presence felt substantially in the field of medicine, the levels of stress exhibited in human beings across the globe has been on the increase in magnanimous proportions. An urgent need is felt in improving the health quotient of human race. With this view in perspective, a particular domain namely prediction of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has been concentrated upon. Studies have shown that early predictions lead to better diagnosis and in turn better treatments and even possible cures. In this context, a fuzzy expert system has been designed. This system is able to predict the presence of heart disease.

Full Text

The determination of the geotechnical properties of inhabited termitaria (termite mounds) from three different locations in Lagos, Nigeria was carried out. Soil samples were taken at the cores of termitaria and also at 3m of either side of termitaria. Nine bulk representative soil samples depicting three termitaria soils and six adjacent soil samples were collected. Some geotechnical properties such as specific gravity, grain size distribution, consistency limits, linear shrinkage, CBR, and consolidation of the soils were determined. The chemical properties of the termitaria soil as compared to the adjacent surrounding soil was also analyzed. The result showed that the geotechnical properties of termitaria are far better than the adjacent or surrounding soils. The activity of termites was identified as the primary cause of these improvements.

Full Text

In this study, the importance of optimization problems constrained by time is highlighted. Practically all evolutionary optimization studies have focused exclusively on the use of number of fitness evaluations as the constraining factor when comparing different evolutionary algorithms (EAs). This investigation represents the first study which empirically compares EAs based on time-based constraints against number of fitness evaluations. EAs which yield an optimum or near-optimum solutions is crucial for real-time optimization problems. Which EAs are able to provide near optimum solutions in time limited real-time optimization problems has never been answered before. To find out the answer for this question, four well-known and most commonly-used algorithms are tested. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) are tested in three different setups of experiments. A comprehensive and latest global optimization benchmark test suite is used in the form of the CEC 2015 Global Optimization Competition’s 15 scalable test problems. The first experiment is to test the performance of these algorithms in expensive benchmark optimization problems that limit the number of fitness evaluations to 50N where N represents the number of optimization dimensions. The second experiment allows these algorithms to run up to the full 10000N evaluations. The last experiment will compare the performance of these algorithms limited by time to 300 milliseconds. The results obtained shows that DE can perform well in the 50N and 10000N evaluation. Critically, we have shown for the first time that in time-limited situations, DE is also the frontrunner by obtaining clearly better results compared to the other three well-known and widely used EAs.

Full Text

These days’ mobile ad hoc networks play a most vital role in the network communication technologies. To diminish the network partitions we have designed MANETs which are robust in nature. As independent mobile users move in a MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network), due to the rapid and unpredictable change in network topology, the network portions alternatingly get partitioned. This situation is contrary, mainly for mission-precarious applications like crisis management. To overcome this situation we introduced AMMNET (Autonomous Mobile Mesh Networks), distinct to usual mesh networks, the mobile mesh nodes of an AMMNET have the capability of following the mesh clients in the 333 application topography, and also to get organized among them into a suitable network topology to confirm efficient connectivity for both intra and intergroup communications. The proposed solution is a scattered client tracking solution to compact with the dynamic nature of client mobility, and present methods for dynamic topology variation in accordance with the mobility design of the clients. By using AMMNETs though we get efficient communication without any loss of information there is increase in number of routers, hence, to prevent this difficulty we address this interesting problem in the project by introducing the concept of Mobile Mesh Networks. We will use the popular simulator (NS2) to simulate our proposed system.

Full Text

Now a days biodiesel fuels are gaining more attraction as promising alternative and substitute fuel resource in place of petroleum diesel because of lower net emissions. The characteristics of biodiesel fueled existing diesel engines are greatly affected by the combustion behavior. The present work is focused on investigation of combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel derived from waste chicken fat. The experimental investigation was conducted in single cylinder constant speed (1500 rpm) stationery diesel engine at full load condition fueled with neat biodiesel and blends with diesel. Preheated biodiesel was also used to study the combustion behavior of the fuel. The experimental results revealed that as compared to diesel, biodiesel has early start of combustion and shorter delay period. More oxygen content, higher cetane number and lower compressibility of biodiesel have been identified as main reasons for this advancement of combustion and reduced delay period. It is also observed that the heat release rate of biodiesel in both premixed and diffused combustion is different that of diesel. Lower volatility, higher density, higher viscosity, lower calorific value and shorter delay period of the biodiesel are the main reasons for its changes in combustion behavior.

Full Text

In this article, a one of approaches of development of the simulators for oil refinery operator is described. Shows the simulator structure, development of process simulation block, learning scenario, virtualization space, fault diagnostic, analyzing algorithm and results of simulator diagnostics. This simulator can be used for studying of main characteristics of technological processes and control actions, that would ensure the energy saving and safety in oil refinery plant.

Full Text

In this article, we describe a novel type of defective ground surface (DGS) microstrip antenna which has higher gain, multi resonant frequency with compact size. It consists of hexagonal shaped patch with small volume and the ground plane is cut into six triangular slots just below the corners of the hexagonal patch. Antenna is circularly polarized one with gain 3.6dBi. The antenna shows multi resonant frequency. The proposed antenna is simple in structure compared with coplanar parasitic patch antennas. It is mostly suitable for wireless communications. slots is placed for improving the bandwidth.

Full Text

Effect of low temperature storage on the ripe-stage eating period of ‘Gedong Gincu’ mango fruits was examined. Hard green mature mango fruits were stored at 8, 13oC (RH 90-95%) and room temperature (25oC). The ripe-stage eating period was examined from the combination of firmness and soluble solid content during storage period. From the firmness and soluble solid content, mango fruits stored at room temperature reached the optimum eating period during 4 to 10days. For those mango fruits stored at 13 and 8oC, the optimum eating period was from days 14 to 18 and 32 to 33. It was found that soluble solid content of mango fruits increased during its post harvest life which the value for those stored at room temperature was greater than that of 8and 13oC. This finding indicated that low temperature storage extended post harvest life of mango fruits cv. Gedong Gincu, however, decreased ripe-stage eating period.

Full Text

Tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading cause of death from an infectious disease in Malaysia for decades. It is the most common opportunistic disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and one-third of the HIV-related deaths were coinfected with TB worldwide. The objective of this study was to compare the sex-, ethnicity- and age-specific of TB-HIV coinfection morbidity rates among the 13 states and three federal territories in Malaysia by using direct standardization method. Malaysia population (as standard population) and population by state/federal territory for year 2013 and 2014 were used in the analysis to obtain sex-, ethnicity- and age-standardized morbidity rates. StdAn computer program was applied to calculate the standardized morbidity rates of TB-HIV coinfecion for all the populations under study. StdAn is a computer program which provides a graphically user friendly interface for the execution of standardization analysis. The findings of the study were: (i) Based on sex-standardized morbidity rate, Kelantan had the highest risk, followed by Terengganu. Whereas, Federal Territory of Labuan had the lowest sex-standardized morbidity rate. (ii) Kelantan ranked the highest in ethnicity-standardised morbidity rate, followed by Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur/Putrajaya, and Federal Territory of Labuan had the lowest risk. (iii) As for age-specific, Kelantan scored the highest age-standardized morbidity rate, followed by Terengganu and Pahang, while Federal Territory of Labuan had the lowest age-standardized morbidity rate. In summary, Kelantan had the highest risk of TB-HIV coinfection based on sex-, ethnicity- and age-standardized morbidity rates, whereas, Federal Territory of Labuan and Sabah had the lowest risk despite having high burden of TB. Ministry of Health is suggested to focus on prevention and control of TB infection at states/federal territories which have high burden of HIV, especially the East Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia.

Full Text

The prediction capability of the brake system vibration is still unable to cover a broad range of frequencies. Current predictive models are contained within aparticularrange to cater for specific vibration types. Therefore, a model which could make predictions in a broad spectrum range is required. The model presented in this paper is derived with such aim. The model is derived from the interaction between the friction pairs with the focus on the brake pad. The brake disc is simplified as a traveling sinusoidal wave. Where else, the brake pad is modeled as a Euler-Bernoulli beam with forces and distributed friction acting upon it. The Dynamic Green Equation applied in solving the derived friction pair equation. The outcome of the developed model predicted brake pad vibrational frequency coinciding accurately with brake dynamometer experimental results. Therefore, the validated model could be a viable prediction and study tool for various brake system parameters.

Full Text

The failure of leaf spring fatigue is to be determined the analysis of life prediction. By using NX Nastran materials various analysis were observed in the selected software with suitable material. In the system of vehicle suspensions Leaf springs are used most in common which are limited to varying cycles stress to millions thus eventually leads to failure of fatigue. High definition value and high elastic limits are presented in spring material possess maximum strength with fatigue effects and shocks. Weight reduction is the main focus in automobile manufactures in direct to preserve natural assets and power of economic in the current scenario. By inducting an advanced material weight reduction can be achieved thus resulted in improved manufacturing process and design optimization, along with better fuel efficiency and affirmed riding qualities. Without reducing the load carrying the capacity and stiffness composite materials were introduced and reduced the weight of leaf spring. The weight ratio of composite material which has elastic strain energy storage capacity is compared to the steel and multi-leaf steel; it also tends to be replaced by composite springs of mono-leaf. The savings of substantial weight which was offered by composite materials are cost effective in terms of counterparts of steel.

Full Text

Mobile adhoc networks have become enormously common now-a-days. It is free to move independently in any direction. Coordinated channel access protocols have been well suited for uniform load distribution in MANET environment. By applying the dynamic channel allocation algorithm and cooperative load balancing algorithm for managing non-uniform load distribution, for energy efficient real-time co-ordinated MAC protocols. In this paper, we dynamically allocate a channel in cluster based MANETS having uneven loads and reuse the allocated channels using stacks and CSMA. And it can efficiently forward the data. We show that both the dynamic channel allocation and co-operative load balancing improve the bandwidth efficiency under the non-uniform load distribution compared to the IEEE802.11 uncoordinated protocol and IEEE802.15 protocol.

Full Text

This work studied the effect of temperature on concrete made from recycled aggregates. In the investigation, compressive strength test were carried out using a total of seven batches of concrete mixes. The concrete mixes consists of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% replacements of natural aggregates with recycled aggregate sourced from the base course of a failed highway at Mgbirichi, Umuagwo, Owerri west local Government of Imo State, Nigeria. Water-cement ratio of 0.55 was used and batching of concrete was done by weight in accordance with the American Standard for testing and Materials (ASTM). The workability of the concrete was measured using the slump test apparatus. The results showed that the workability of the recycled aggregate concrete reduced considerably as the amount of recycled aggregate increased. The specimen were cured for 28days and afterwards were subjected to temperatures of 400oC, 800oC and 1200oC for 2hours in a kiln. As the temperature increased from 0 oC to 1200 oC, the compressive strength for all the percentage replacements, reduces consistently. However, at the maximum temperature of 1200 oC, the maximum compressive strength of 27.56 N/mm2 was realized for the 20% replacement. When exposed to a temperature of 1200ºC, recycled aggregate concrete showed percentage reduction in compressive strength of 16.10%, 16.31%, 14.67%, 26.06%, 29.28% and 17.54% for 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% replacements of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates respectively; meanwhile the natural aggregate concrete showed a percentage reduction in compressive strength of 47.22%. It was therefore concluded that, at various percentage replacements of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates, the RAC showed a higher resistance to reduction in compressive strength when exposed to extreme temperature rise than its natural aggregate concrete counterpart.

Full Text

This research aims to determine the amount of sediment (sediment-rate) that occurs on the channel point to review and to provide an overview and explanation of the value of the correlation coefficient (R) is based on the relationship between sediment discharges (QS) with water discharge (QW). This Research is conducted by measuring directly on location with measuring the water level in each cross section of the channel and water sampling to test concentrations in the sediment. The results of research showed that the rate of sediment on the Primary Channel of Sanrego is 4.253 kg/day, Secondary Channel of Batu-Batu is 0.0593 kg/day, Tertiary Channel of Palakka 1 is 0.0403 kg/day, Palakka Tertiary Channel 2 is 0.0155 kg/day, Tertiary Channel of Batu-Batu 1 is 0.000578 kg/day, Tertiary Channel of Batu-Batu 2 is 0.0199 kg/day, with an average correlation coefficient (R) of 0.960, it shows the relationship between sediment discharge (QS) with water discharge (QW) has a positive direct perfect connection, which is between 0.6 < R <1.0. While on the secondary channel Palakka of 1.218 kg/day, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.210, this shows the relationship of sediment discharge (QS) and water discharge (QW) has a direct positive relationship is weak, that is between 0 < R < 0.6.

Full Text

Privacy preservation has become a major issue during data publishing. The simplest solution is not to disclose the information. This would be of no use since it will hinder the process of data analysis. Instead, the data can first be modified so that it can guarantee privacy and, at the same time, it retains sufficient utility and can be released to other parties safely. The existing system uses a hybrid approach of sampling and generalization for data modification. An alternative system using cross over and mutation of genetic algorithm for data modification, without the use of a trusted third party is proposed. In addition, shearing technique and double pass matrix based encryption technique are implemented to improve the confidentiality of the data.

Full Text

The current trend in the system development and the competition among manufacturers motivate both the designers and developers to improve the performance of systems and decrease the power consumption but not at the cost expense of those systems. Today, the Field Programmable Gate Array-based embedded systems is considered as the preferred computational platforms due to multi key features of these platforms including the reconfigurability, flexibility, short-time to marketing, and etc. The advanced technologies and the facilities presented via these technologies pushed towards real-time and multi-functional systems, which encourages the designers and developers to replace the single processing unit by those units with the ability to process multiple data per time. Many mechanisms can be applied over the field programmable gate array platforms to provide the ability for multi-processing and the spatial parallelism. Therefore, in this paper, the advantages of applying the spatial parallelism over the Altera Nios II Embedded Evaluation Kit (NEEK) board are presented. The spatial parallelism was used to design and implement a laser missile frequency jamming system. The spatial parallelism is combined with the FPGA features, which improves designed system in many aspects such as increasing the system throughput, decreasing the system cost, the power consumption of the system, and the system complexity. This paper provides a presentation of the system modules, the functionality of each of these modules, and the results obtained from the touch screen of the (NEEK) board.

Full Text

Work performed in a standing position in a settling way generally poses a risk to health. It is characterized by more rapid exhaustion arising in a worker's physical condition that can lead to decreasing productivity. This study aims to determine the impact caused by the fatigue experienced by the operators of the beverage packaging upon the resulting output. Observations were made during the first month of the beverage packaging activities performed by the operators. Measurements were performed by questionnaire measuring devices of fatigue feeling that was given to each packaging operator after work. Meanwhile, a stop watch was used to measure the speed of a packing used, where each operator was tested on their time speed when they started packing till they finished it and ultimately produced one dos. T- test results showed that there was a relationship between the level of perceived operators’ fatigue with packaging time speed.

Full Text

In the hospital sector, the suppliers are selected on the basis of three main criteria: the quality, deadlines, and the total cost. An efficient selection of suppliers in this sector must also be based on the risk supplier, as well as their past performance. The stake is to establish and maintain transparent relationships with efficient suppliers, engaged in a process of continuous improvement following the multi-sourcing strategy. This paper proposes a new system of evaluating of suppliers, monitoring simultaneously their risks, to be used to identify the axis of progress of the supplier’s selection system in the hospital sector, and improve it by the implementation of a decision support system heuristic. Our paper is composed of five parts. The first shows the interest of the study. The second presents the literature review. The third explains the problematic situation. The fourth sets out the proposed system. Illustrating it the through a case study in the fifth part. And we finish our paper with a conclusion.

Full Text

This paper focuses on the development of a novel single layer dual band proximity fed gap coupled microstrip array antenna. A basic 2x1 microstrip patch array consisting of a pair of rectangular patches which are coupled with a centrally placed microstrip line in the same plane and an arrow headed dumbbell shaped slot in the ground plane is investigated. By using two additional parasitic patches gap coupled to the patch elements of the basic array, an enhancement in bandwidth and gain is achieved along with dual band operation. This proximity fed gap coupled 4x1 array provides resonances at two frequencies of 2.465 GHz and 3.608 GHz. The proposed array antenna is suitable for WLAN (2.414-2.507 GHz) and WiMAX (3.586-3.644 GHz) applications. This 4x1 array has a gain of 8.85 dBi and 6.57 dBi, with an impedance bandwidth of 4.64% and 1.78% respectively in the lower and upper bands. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Full Text

The goal of the research is to develop the technological parameters for formation of a porous structure of the raw mass in order to obtain a lightweight porous insulation material using oil slime. The results of scientific and experimental studies of oil sludge were obtained. Efficient technological parameters for obtaining a lightweight porous structure of the material were elaborated. Swelling power and the formation of the structures in the studied composition are determined by the optimum combination of the components, determining the rheological parameters of the pyroclastic mass, which is determined by the special nature of the structure and composition of the crystal lattices of the minerals of the constituents. As a result of burning, oil slime forms a gaseous phase during the heat treatment and swells up the softened mass. The distinctive feature of the developed technological solutions is the fact that for the production of the heat-insulating material low swelling loess loams are used as the main raw material with the use of loam composition - a conglomerate mixture with oil slime as a fuel-containing, burning out and reinforcing additive. Addition of oil slime to the raw mixture reduces energy costs and provides swelling power and strength to the finished product using new technological solutions.

Full Text

Water vapour has a great importance in understanding climate change, weather forecasting and also important weather forming elements of the troposphere. A limiting error source in geodetic measurement is unmodelled electrical path delay from atmospheric water vapour. To rebuild a spatially determined humidity fields in the troposphere a GNSS water vapour topography structure is established. GPS has a utility of precise 3-D positioning. With quick growth and widespread use of GPS equipment, developing the perceptible water vapour of troposphere from the information gathered by the GPS which became innovatively noticeable technology. To get precise information and derive perceptible water vapour so as to offer better services, proper operation technique is required. We discussed in this paper about the change in water vapour over the region in South India where heat wave has occurred.

Full Text

CMOS image sensor (CIS) VLSI architecture based on time to threshold pulse width modulation an era of processor which habituated on the successful representation of low power and high speed applications. This paper deals with current mode logic based PWM architecture which dealt with various analysis of power, delay and power delay product. The pixel circuit will perform in many switched devices to reduce the leakage of current and it can do the power consumption also. It can be connected to time to threshold converter to reduce the power consumption.

Full Text

Some low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs are tested by recording the flow rate variation while the well-flowing pressure is kept constant. A typical situation occurs in shale formations which permeability goes to the order of nanodarcies. The mentioned procedure is normally referred as rate transient analysis and the interpretation of the reciprocal of the flow rate is very similar to the interpretation of a pressure test. The application of the TDS Technique for transient-rate analysis of horizontal wells in oil and gas homogeneous anisotropic reservoirs is presented here. New governing equations for hemilinear flow, parabolic flow, several situations of steady-state and pseudo steady-state flows are introduced and used to generate practical analytical expressions for the determination of well and reservoir parameters. The developed equations were successfully tested with synthetic examples.

Full Text

A compact ultra wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) slot antenna having a size of 22 x 34 mm2 is proposed for portable device applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two symmetric UWB slot antennas with microstrip-fed placed on the one side of dielectric substrate. To enhance the isolation between the antenna elements, two rectangular slots along with a ground stub are etched on the ground plane, which is on the other side of dielectric substrate. The proposed antenna exhibits a good 2:1 VSWR impedance bandwidth over the entire UWB band from 3.1-10.6 GHz with low mutual coupling less than -20dB, peak gain of 4.3 dBi and efficiency of more than 80%. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results and results show that the proposed antenna is good candidate for portable UWB applications.

Full Text

In wireless communication systems it is important to identify the suitable frequency spectrum bands for future functionalities. The radio spectrum is allocated to various functions, services and applications but most part of the spectrum is not utilized efficiently. To solve this underutilization of frequency spectrum problem Cognitive Radio (CR) concept has been put forwarded. This survey paper brings the importance of cognitive radio in the dynamic spectrum access and the various CR attacks. The main objective of Cognitive Radio is to utilize the limited and under-utilized frequency spectrum effectively without disturbing the primary users. As the effect of it, Cognitive radio has to interact with the environment in which it is operating and to find the unused band of spectrum to transmit accordingly and subsequently adapts to the environment in which it is operating. This paper categories the various Cognitive Radio Network attacks and various issues related to it.

Full Text

Current study was aimed to propose a novel design for compact sewage water treatment plant with a capacity of 100 m3/day (2x50 m3/day). The major pollutants are SS, BOD, COD and organic pollutants. The recommended treatment process is an aerobic activated sludge. The analysis results of the sewage water are: pH average values 6-8, turbidity 12 UNT, daily suspended solid 850 mg/L, BOD is760 mg/L. The proposed design for the treatment plant consists mainly of: a bar screen, aerated gas trap, aeration tank and a collection pit. The main components of the extended aeration unit are: clarifier, sludge holding tank and diffused air system. The general objective of this investigation is to treat sewage wastewater and produce treated water which coincides with environmental regulations. While the specific objective is to get odorless, colorless treated water free of pathogens and toxic materials so it can be used for irrigation of non edible trees.

Full Text

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are much useful in emergency because they are fully distributed. And they can maintain them self and they are fully powerful and dynamic topology networks also they don’t need any external infrastructure to run. But the propogation of these MANET based application was conjustive because their features though impart high applicable and that is unreliable. Also another cause for the unreliability is the mutual intrinsic trust during communication. One such attack exploiting this trait is named the Black Hole attack wherever in the region within the network promises routing of the info packet to the destination whereas in actuality it drops them thus decreasing dependableness. Here we did analysis on MANETs under single black hole attack and collaborative black hole attack and preventing the network by avoiding traffic away from black hole. The MANETs therefore mentioned use the AODV routing protocol and therefore the technique therefore projected is based on causing confirmation packets that area unit verified by the destination to ascertain for part presence within the GAODV routing protocol therefore projected. The GAODV formula was then simulated in each static likewise as mobile node atmosphere and it had been determined that its knowledge delivery magnitude relation is considerably better than the traditional AODV.

Full Text

Productivity estimation is a crucial task for construction managers and general estimators to efficiently allocate the required resources in order to minimize the construction costs. There is a lack of research in terms of productivity modeling for precast erection process. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict the installation times of the most commonly used precast elements namely: walls, columns, beams, and slabs. Installations of 220 precast elements were observed and significant factors influencing productivity were identified through stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) to form the inputs of ANN model. Performance of the developed model on the test data showed its accuracy in predicting installation times of different precast components which confirmed the appropriateness of the model to be used by practitioners or construction management research scholars.

Full Text

Natural fiber of EFB which is recently still categorized as waste material is very potential to be utilized as composite reinforced material, however it is remain constrained on resulting composite strength. Many treatment has been applying to obtain better mechanical bonding, however it was costly higher rather than its result and some did not increase the strength compare with matrix material strength itself. Previous researchers described that tensile strength of EFB was not as good as other natural fibers such as bamboo, sisal, pineapple leaf, and many others, furthermore it contains residual oil and several harmful minerals which had weakened its composite, and therefore it is necessary for selecting part of natural fiber EFB which has best mechanical strength. This study explored morphology of an EFB, and separating it to 3 parts, i.e.: upper stem, main stem, and fruit stem. Those 3 parts was examined and base on tensile strength analysis, the leaf stem has best mechanical strength, and it also shown more stiff structure compare with 2 others. Tensile strength analysis result using ASTM D3822-01 standard shown that average tensile strength of an EFB leaf stem single fiber was 152.85 MPa, while upper stem fiber and main stem fiber was 108.29 MPa and 125.13 respectively.

Full Text

The H.264/AVC is the newest and present standard for video coding. The H.264 standard is developed from the same mixed composition as of before standards, but contains several new coding techniques that increase the efficiency and quality of the video compression. H.264 video coding standard specifies different methods of approaches for video compression, which are termed as profiles, aiming particular applications that are required. In this paper, we proposed a 4×4 novel Integer transform, which is derived from the basic 4×4 DCT kernel by applying signum function to the float DCT kernel. The proposed transform is applied to the base line profile of H. 264 for evaluation of the compressed video quality. We have considered Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM) metric for evaluation. Extensive simulation conducted on various types of videos show that the proposed transforms outperform the H.264 by a wide margin. Further, the proposed 4×4 IDCT requires 25% less computation than H.264 standard and 45% less computation than Int. discrete Tchebichef transform (IDTT).

Full Text

The applications of Cloud computing has penetrated all services recently. Enormous data processing in cloud is done by distributing the data among the virtual machines. The virtual machines load capacities are dynamically changing based on the request sent by the client. Genetic Algorithm based Load Balancing Technique (GALBT) has been proposed to equally distribute the load among the virtual machines and for rapid processing. Virtual machine scheduler (Vm scheduler) has been designed to estimate the time and resource requirements of the task processing. Based on estimation, the task is forwarded to virtual machines for processing. This project is developed using cloud simulator and results have been compared with round robin and throttled algorithms to show our strategy performs better for application processing.

Full Text

A steady state Aspen Plus® simulation is used to propose and analyze a novel indirect gasification model using steam as gasifying medium. Sensitivity study is carried out by varying the steam-to-coal ratio. Part of the Syngas produced is combusted in the furnace to provide flue gases at high temperature which is then passed through the bayonets to provide reaction heat. RK-Soave method is used for the evaluation of physical properties of mixed conventional components and CISOLID components in the simulation. The feedstock used in the simulation is indigenous Thar coal from Pakistan, where large coal reserves are present. It was found that a lower steam-to-coal ratio increases the heat content of the syngas produced. Also, the carbon conversion undergoes a maximum at the ratio 2.0. As we increase the steam-to-coal ratio, the yields are better but inevitably reduce the quality of syngas produced. Carbon conversions and and H2/CO ratios as high as 95.76% and 3.09 respectively were observed with higher steam to carbon ratios. However, lower ratios provide high yields (69.00%) and cold gas efficiencies (54.41%). Based on these results, it can be said that this parameter significantly influences the syngas quality and processing costs and the diversity of trends suggest a more detailed analysis for optimization of the process.

Full Text

Many web sites are in vogue, which are hosted by many business establishments’ world-over. Many users browse through the web site for their information requirements and understanding. Some of the users frequently visit the WEB site for their daily information requirements. Users loses lots of time and energy in looking for the information that they need when the WEB site are loosely designed and takes quite a time in navigating through different hyperlinks so as to arrive at the page which contains information needed by them. The WEB sites have to be designed and developed in such way that browsing can be done in easiest manner. It is necessary to analyze the way the users wants to use the WEB site and use the analysis for improving the design and implementation of the WEB sites. Efficient WEB analytics are to be identified and computed that reflect the effectiveness of the WEB sites and also provide foundations and insights into the improving of the WEB sites. This paper presents efficient WEB analytics and the related computational aspects that determine the WEB usage. A model is also presented that help determining the improvements in the design and implementation of the WEB sites. The WEB analytics are computed for an existing WEB site and has been shown in the paper the way the WEB analytics have been improved after the WEB site has been modified based on previously computed analytical values.

Full Text

Compilers have many optimization sequences to be run on a program IR (Intermediate Representation). Applying all optimization sequence leads to degradation of performance. It needs a best optimization set from optimization sequence for every program to improve performance. The literature addresses standard universal optimization sequences set derived from set of program spaces. Retrieving best optimization sequences form this set consumes more time. This paper proposes a sequence selection approach that reduces time for selecting best optimal sequence set and further it reduces runtime of a program space. The experimental results showed improved performance on different program spaces in different bench mark suites.

Full Text

Day by day with the increasing of demand for long distance communication resulting in requirement of many antenna elements on a single structure and if we do so there is a problem of coupling between those elements which reduces the antenna efficiency. So a new methodology to improve the isolation in micro strip patch antenna arrays is described through the implementation of a slotted meander-line resonator (SMLR) which is creating defect in the micro strip structure. The resonator is designed to suppress the surface current between the two patch antennas coupled along H-plane and operating at a frequency of 5 GHz which is used in microwave links and airborne RADAR applications. The configuration has been designed, simulated and validated experimentally.

Full Text

The use of the a new control method for grid-connected inverters for reducing the output current harmonic distortion in a wide range of grid-connected distributed generation applications, including wind turbine (WT) and microturbine (MT) inverters is proposed in this paper. The propose control method designed to eliminate main harmonics in microgrid (MG) and between MG and point of common coupling (PCC) and responsible for the correction of the system unbalance. Another advantage of the proposed control method is that it can be easily adopted into the distributed generation (DG) control system without the installation of extra hardware. The proposed control method is comprised of the synchronous reference frame method (SRF). Results from the proposed control method are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Full Text

The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for determining the moment of inertia of rotating masses of an electric motor and evaluation of its mechanical losses, as well as its theoretical and experimental study. The idea of the method is based on the known method of the retardation test of an electric motor with different values of the moment of inertia of its rotating masses. However, unlike existing methods, the proposed one gives more accurate results due to the use of additional bodies of different moments of inertia but of the same weight. This creates approximately the same conditions of friction in bearings during the entire measurement process. Experimental results were obtained on the basis of an induction motor and showed a higher accuracy compared with existing methods. The developed method can be used in companies producing electric motors to improve the accuracy of determining the moment of inertia of their rotating masses and to evaluate their mechanical efficiency with fewer financial expenses than using existing experimental methods.

Full Text

The need of doctor is very essential for proper patient care. But he may not be present in every place to provide treatment immediately. So the right solution is the remote monitoring of patient’s health. The major problem in remote monitoring is the unavailability of proper internet connection in remote areas. So this made us to use a GSM module for our project as the telecommunication network is spread globally. This system monitors physical parameters like heart beat, body temperature and sends the measured values directly to a doctor through an SMS. The system has been realized using software modules and later through hardware circuit. Our project utilizes the system hardware consisting of a heartbeat sensor, microcontroller interface circuit and a GSM MODEM. Also, the design for the software has been presented through the use of GSM AT commands. This system uses the AT89C52 microcontroller unit with rich internal resources to meet the necessities of the system for handy operation. Our device can even measure heartbeat ranging from a baby to an adult. The low cost of the device will help us to provide suitable home based effective monitoring system.

Full Text

In plain cement concrete the tensile properties is to be improved. The addition of steel fibres improves the resistance of conventionally reinforced concrete members towards cracking, deflection and other serviceability conditions. In addition, the replacement of coarse aggregates with coconut shell is one of the economical enhance Programme. Compressive strength for both conventional and coconut shell concrete targeted to M25 grade. The cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength to find the optimization of percentage of steel fiber. In this study steel fibers are added from 0.5 % to 2.0 % by volume fraction. From the test results, the optimized percentage of steel fiber for both conventional concrete and coconut shell concrete have been found as 1.0 % and 1.5 % respectively.

Full Text

Objectives of innovative design of complex systems involve searching for objects, characterized by the maximum degree of originality, and, consequently, competitiveness. To solve this problem, it is necessary to apply the methodology of cluster analysis that uses mathematical measures of similarity and inclusion of sets. Information about the analyzed object class is represented in the form of a morphological matrix, columns of which are the options for the implementation of generalized subsystems. For variants of subsystems, represented in the rows, is determined by numbers of structural and functional features. Selection of promising solutions uses criteria: matching originality determines the novelty for this class of combinations of functional subsystems; the originality of the elemental determines the number of new for this class of implementations of the functional subsystems involved in this combination; the measure of inclusion of features in the many other signs of the synthesized structures characterizes the degree of its originality. Generalized criterion of the promising solutions is the target function, the structure of which includes the criteria and the coefficients of their significance. The search technique decisions based on the calculation of a measure of inclusion consists a series of stages. During implementation the formal model, morphological matrix is constructed; for each trait the i-th row in the column corresponding to alternative implementations of the subsystem, is binary rating enable option. The relative number of matching relations is calculated; a matrix of the elemental composition of solutions is built; a description of the decisions by functional features is built; measures which enable the features of each object in the array of attributes of all synthesized solutions are determined. The analysis results are shown in the component table; they identify the objective function value, i.e. the degree of perspective of all possible solutions in the morphological matrix. The solution with the maximum objective function value is selected as the most promising for further analysis.

Full Text

In this growing information age there is an increase in the cryptographic technology but this also has lead to numerous legal issues as well. A cryptographic device or mechanical encryption/decryption embedded devices can be easily attacked by hackers. Threshold implementation on data is one of the ways to make it secure against the first order power analysis attacks. This can be performed on both hardware and software also this is different from masking as TI provides protection from the glitches in the circuit. The existing system consists of two methods viz. raw implementation and adjusted implementation and the proposed one is nimble implementation which shows the trade-offs between the circuit area and the randomness. In this paper we compare the existing and the proposed algorithm to conclude a better method.

Full Text

This paper presents a micro-scale model to investigate the damage to a surface in asphalt concrete under an impulsive load. Our aim is to reproduce the micro-damage due to detachment among the elementary components of the asphalt concrete in airports pavements. The general framework for models to describe adhesive contact between rigid bodies is developed supposing the intensity of adhesion decreasing under tangential and normal displacement fields. Finally, a numerical implementation has been performed by FEM approach and the results are illustrated in the paper.

Full Text

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) of ship component are manufacturing companies that produce ship components, including the square window, Side scuttle, and weather tight door. The reliability of vessel component quality is a major factor in shipping industry as it involves safety in sailing. As a result, the technology becomes a main requirement that must be mastered by the manufacturer as a determinant of the competitiveness of the products. This study aimed to determine the level of technology contribution in achieving product quality standards in the ship component SME and the strategies to strengthen the technology contribution in achieving product quality standards of ship component SME in Indonesia. Technology components measured include technoware, humanware, infoware, and orgaware. Technology assessment is done by comparing the two types of different ship component SME of ships, namely SME ships component whose some of its products have been certified (SME1) by Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) and ship component SME whose products have not been certified (SME2); thus technology gap was obtained as the basis for strategy analysis of the quality standard achievement. The results of the data analysis show that of the SME1 the humanware component contribution is the highest (0.623), followed by technoware (0.558), infoware (0.556), and the smallest is orgaware (0.472). Meanwhile, of the SME2 the highest contribution is technoware component (0.261), followed by humanware (0280), orgaware (0.194) and the smallest is infoware (0.167). Successively the grades of TCC (Technology Contribution Coefficient) for SME1 and SME2 are 0.5788 and 0.2393. Therefore, according to the results of this study the humanware component has priority to be upgraded soon, followed by technoware, orgaware and infoware. SME1 has TCC values below 0.7 and above 0.3, being classified as a level of semi-modern technology, while SME2 has TCC values below 0.3, being classified as a level of traditional technology.

Full Text

In this paper results reported are the outcome of investigation carried to regulate the suddenly expanded flow through a converging-diverging nozzle at high supersonic Mach numbers and at lower length to diameter ratios. The geometrical and the flow variables assessed in this investigation are the diameter ratio, length to diameter (L/D) ratio, expansion level, and the Mach number. The step heights of the present case are 1.6, 1.8, 2.2 and 2.5. The tests were conducted for P0/Patm in the range of 3 to 11. The (L/D) ratio of the suddenly expanded duct of the test was from 10 to 1, however, the outcome are presented for L/D 4, 3, 2, and 1. The Mach numbers tested in the investigation are 1.9, 2.1, 2.4, and 2.8. The results show that the efficacy of the active control is considerable in regulating the base pressure. Further, it found that for Mach numbers 1.9 and 2.1 the control is very effective for NPRs 9 and 11 but, for NPRs 3, 5, and 7 the control efficiency is only marginal. At NPRs 7 and 9 for some cases peculiar trends are observed and the flow becomes oscillatory. It is seen that majority of the outcomes represent similar behavior for duct length up to L = 3D, which means; that the back pressure has not negatively affected the flow field in the base region as well as in the duct. The lowest duct length needed for the flow to remain latched on with the duct is L/D = 3 in general for all the cases of the flow variables of the current investigation, however, for few combinations of the flow and geometrical parameters the flow remains attached even for L/D =2 as well as 1. With this it can be stated that the micro jets can be used as one of the methods for flow in the base area control without having any untoward effect in the flow field at the base region.

Full Text

Real-time monitoring of patients is considered as the key issues in managing health care system. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is one of the wise health care monitoring systems holding applications in numerous fields like medical, wellness, military, sports and so forth. The correspondence standard for wireless body area networks is characterized by the IEEE 802.15.6 for the operation around the human body. In WBAN, network longevity is one noteworthy issue confronted following the constrained energy supply in body nodes.The primary goal of this work is to expand the network lifetime, so a Modified Position Aware algorithm is actualized where the spatial coordinates and battery status of every node is shared to all the nodes inside the network by incorporating the Probabilistic Energy Aware routing (PER), and Body Node Coordinator (BNC) is versatile in the network. Simulation results demonstrates that the network lifetime is reliably improved. The placement of BNC using the Modified Position-Aware BNC Placement algorithm along with the PER protocol improves the network lifetime reliably.

Full Text

The Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have been driven by Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology or IEEE 802.11p, which is designed to help drivers travel more safely and reduce the number of fatalities due to road accidents. This paper aims at proposing a novel framework for achieving Intelligent Transport System (ITS) by incorporating On Board Unit (OBU) and Road Side Unit (RSU) communications for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) modes offering better tracking, seamless handoff and other factors like safety and traffic optimization. Also, the IT’S has enabled to access the cloud based infotainment services during travel in VANET environment.

Full Text

With the expansion in vehicle creation and world populace, more parking spots and offices are required. In this paper another stopping framework called Smart Parking System (SPS) is proposed to help drivers to discover empty spaces in an auto park in a shorter time. The new framework utilizes ultrasonic (ultrasound) sensors to identify either auto park inhabitance or uncalled for stopping activities. Distinctive locations advances are checked on and contrasted with decide the best innovation for creating SPS. Elements of SPS incorporate empty parking spot identification, discovery of disgraceful stopping, showcase of accessible parking spots, and directional pointers toward empty parking spots, installment offices and distinctive sorts of parking spots. This paper additionally depicts the utilization of a SPS framework from the passageway into a parking garage until the finding of an empty parking spot. The framework is outlined in such a way showing the geological area of the guide in our cell telephone with the assistance of the android application.

Full Text

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chemical modifications on the properties of Cissus populnea fibers. The method involve chemical treatments of C. populnea fibers using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Microstructural behavior (scanning electron microscope ‘SEM’ and Fourier transform infrared ‘FTIR’ analysis), mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, elongation and energy at break), the physical properties (aspect ratio, density and water absorption) were determined and compared with untreated Cissus populnea fibers. SEM topography and FTIR spectra, respectively, revealed the change in morphology and structure after treatments which resulted to increase in tensile properties of Cissus populnea fibers. The treatment increased the aspect ratio with reduced density and water absorption capacity of Cissus populnea fibers. EDTA treatment increased the tensile strength of Cissus populnea fibers by 250.86 %.Hence,EDTA is superior as surface modification for improving tensile strength and hydrophobic nature of Cissus populnea fibers.

Full Text

The present article is the edifice of the implementation of a maintenance management model called LRSS. Our model, aimed at the ongoing improvement of the performance of industrial systems, namely in terms of service availability and continuity, rests on the fight against scheduled maintenance stops-related unavailability. Thus, and for the purposes of research thesis, we have taken the Moroccan national electricity network as a case study. In the present article, and given the first positive results published in a previous study [1], we seek to analyze thentation of our model and its application to each constituent in order to avail industrials and manufacturers of a toolbox, which will be incorporated in maintenance manuals with regard to similar industrial systems.

Full Text

Today era of machines influenced the maintenance engineer to upkeep equipment in good condition apart from this he needs to consider quality, reliability, safety and most essential productivity. This puts the Maintenance department to pick "Condition Monitoring" which is predictive kind of maintenance method for upkeep of a machine, which includes in identifying the initial issues present in machine ahead of time and gives time to fix them. The Vibration based monitoring of machine is highly effective due to its wide application and effective way to detect faults. It is used to evaluate condition of rotating like Boiler Feed Pump Trains, Turbines and Windmills. The present work highlights monitoring of Boiler Feed Pump and Turbine assembly health by analyzing Tri-axial data. Considering the velocity as important parameter, the Tri-axial velocity in different directions are compared to limiting velocity for a particular speed approved from Indian Standard Organization which are based on ISO 2372.Then based on conditions the possible faults can be predicted. Mode shapes for different shafts are generated from ANSYS. In order to reflect the above work an Expert system is developed in Java Jframe using Netbeans IDE. The Expert system which is named as EXSYSTEM is meant to take input as velocities in different directions and predict the possible faults along with remedial measures.

Full Text

The integration of renewable source including solar and wind power is a new challenge that can improve the profit of the electric network. Its use in the production is necessary to maintain energy efficiency. Due to the dependency of these energies on the weather condition and climate change, it seems necessary to combine the two power sources by using the strengths of a source to compensate the weakness of the other. This article aims to propose a new method for the energy production management. Moreover, we use the interpolation for the prediction of production.

Full Text

This report relates to the correct calculation of nonlinear distortion in CATV networks - CSO and CTB. Practically this is related to the correct setting of the amplifiers and equalizers need certain places on the network. It is also recognized factors that transmit bidirectional analogue and digital signals and packets having different levels and bandwidth.

Full Text

Recent trends reveals that in order to operate the modern transmission and distribution power system networks with maximum reliability and security, a power system operator must have the knowledge of the voltage stability margin. It has become a challenging task to accomplish fast and accurate indications of voltage stability margin in power systems. In this paper a new voltage stability indicator has been proposed considering the Line charging susceptance based on unique equivalent Two - Bus p network system applying the fundamental Kirchoff - Laws. With the help of this proposed indicator, an operator can efficiently and quickly detect the proximity of a voltage collapse for a multi-bus system. This voltage stability indicator is defined as Transmission Line Voltage Stability Indicator (TLVSI) for online monitoring of a system. The proposed indicator has been incorporated on the IEEE 5-bus and IEEE.14-bus system considering the several power system topology and many contingency scenarios. This voltage stability indicator can also be used to find the effect of change of active load on the system and its relation with the receiving end voltage and the transmission line critical voltage to detect the most vulnerable spots of the system.

Full Text

FFT processors are involved in a wide range of applications today. Not only a savory important block in digital TV, broadband systems, but also in areas like radar, medical electronics, imaging and the SETI project (Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence). FFT is used in everything from broadband to 3G and Digital TV to radio LAN’s. Due to its heavy computational requirements, it occupies large space and consumes more power in hardware. In these FFT processors there will leakage power so to reduce these leakage power we are implementing some of the low power techniques. The main parameters such as power, delay and power delay product of FFT processor are analyzed using 130nm technology. The FFT processor is implemented by modified sleepy stack approach which is having low leakage power. All three parameters are measured and examined for proposed FFT processor and its components using HSPICE tool in 130nm technology. As a result of this, it is concluded that the leakage feedback technique shows a better performance by reducing the leakage power efficiently. The resultant architecture can be used for many low power applications in digital electronics.

Full Text