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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                     September 2021  |  Vol. 16  No. 17
   
Title: A systematic study of the variables that control the synthesis of N-acyl L-lysine from hexadecanoic acid in a stirred tank reactor
Author (s): Zuhrina Masyithah, Muhammad Syukri, Bode Haryanto and Armansyah Ginting
Abstract:

The research carried out is related to developing the process of making surfactants based on amino acids from renewable natural resources. At this stage, the potential for hexadecanoic acid (HA) and L-lysine (L) to be synthesized into a surfactant based on the amino acid N-acyl L-lysine was observed in a stirred tank. For this reason, the research was planned with a specific objective to examine the effect of the substrate ratio, solvent ratio, and catalyst concentration on amide recovery using the Box-Behnken Design. Furthermore, analysis of the interaction effect of the research variables is carried out, compiling an optimization equation model and assessing the optimum reaction conditions to obtain the maximum conversion response. The product purification process is carried out by adding 5 ml of 10% citric acid and then filtration with filter paper then heated at 90 °C to evaporate the remaining solvent. The optimum conversion percentage obtained is 78.084%, which can be generated through six composition options with the same desirability value, 0.851. Among the six options, the substrate ratio of 2.956 (L/HA), the solvent ratio of 2.0 (MS/S), and catalyst concentration of 5% (w/wHA) were selected as the best process variable values at a reaction temperature of 65 °C and reaction time 2 h.

   

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Title: Effect of molarity and alkali activator ratio on GGBS based geopolymer concrete
Author (s): Y. Himath Kumar and V. Ranga Rao
Abstract:

The sustainable manufacture of geopolymer concrete, which has a lower carbon footprint compared with traditional concrete, reflects an environmentally friendly concrete. In addition to the physical properties this article presents the analysis of the mechanical properties for geopolymer concrete. Parameters such as varied sodium hydroxide molarity from 8 M to 16 M, Alkali Activator Ratio (AAR) from 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:2.5. The current experimental evaluation examines the effectiveness of GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) in improving mechanical properties.

   

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Title: Effect of surface roughness on oil-water separation for oil skimmer
Author (s): Mohamed Saiful Firdaus Hussin, Azrul Abidin Zakaria, Ridhwan Jumaidin, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Muhd Ridzuan Mansor, Amir Abdullah Muhamad Damanhuri, Mohd. Fariduddin Mukhtar, Mohammad Khalid Wahid and Mohd. Nazri Ahmad
Abstract:

Uncontrolled production of fat, oil, & grease (FOG) in wastewater continues to increase each year as the number of restaurants increases. As wastes disposed directly into the drainage system, FOG may build up around the plumbing system of the wastewater system facility. Efficient development of the grease trap will reduce the impact of the problem and prevent the FOG contaminant in the sewage system. This research aimed to investigate the effect of surface roughness on oil skimming efficiency for the grease trap. Materials for oil skimmer were selected and characterized using water contact angle analysis, Image software, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and profilometer. Materials were roughened by using 150 grid abrasive paper. It was found that roughness strongly influenced the wettability of the selected materials due to the air trap and its geometrical structure. The results revealed that acrylic skimmer is the most efficient compared to aluminium, paraffin, and polystyrene.

   

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Title: Modelling and simulation of wind farm integrated multi-machine system using hybrid PID plus fuzzy controlled STATCOM
Author (s): Varun Kumar, Ajay Shekhar Pandey and S. K. Sinha
Abstract:

Power system stability is an essential requirement for secure and reliable operation of power system. This article shows a comparative performance of stabilizing a Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) depend wind farm connected multi machine system using a PID and Hybrid PID plus Fuzzy controlled Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) during fault conditions. The suggested control strategy will also efficiently control the voltage variance and generator speed of the test device. Methods focus on Eigen values and a time-domain scheme To examine the feasibility of the proposed control method a framework was designed that was subjected to a three-phase fault. From findings it can be concluded that results of PID plus fuzzy based STATCOM damping controller provide effective stabilization to the test system under fault conditions.

   

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Title: Formation of filtration barriers in horizontal wells in the granulated reservoirs on the example of Aryskum field
Author (s): Nurzhan Suleymenov, Zhangyl Abilbek, Aigul Erzhanova, Nurlybek Akhmetov and Panabek Tanzharikov
Abstract:

Through the example of wells with granulated reservoirs at the Arsykum field (the Republic of Kazakhstan), it is shown that the degree of influence of filtration barriers preventing inflow into the hole increases with the increase of the length of a horizontal section. Careful consideration of the content and size of particles to benefit the acid solubility of additives in drilling fluids ensures mud filtration while drilling through the reservoir and effective mud removal during stimulation.

   

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Title: Analysis of the strength and efficiency of concrete made with domestic wastewater from WTP Salitre - Bogotá D.C.
Author (s): Edison Amaya Silva, Diana Gizeth Amaya Daza and Saieth Baudilio Chaves Pabón
Abstract:

The research project analyzes the results of the Compression Strength of concrete specimens designed for 21 MPa and 28 MPa using the A. C. I. (American Concrete Institute) method, the aggregates fulfill the requirements of the CTN -174 (Colombian Technical Standard), Type HER Cement- (High Early Resistance), due to the CTN 121 was used, the mixing water comes from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) Salitre and drinking water from the Aqueduct of Bogota. Six different dosages of mixing water were carried out for each of the established designs; starting with 100% treated wastewater and reaching up to 75% treated wastewater with 25% potable water, the samples were identified and labeled respectively. For each of the six dosages, nine specimens were prepared and were tested at seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days, respectively. The results were compared to the standard specimen identified for each design; however, there are differences in the strength results between the standard specimen and the dosages; these are less significant as the percentage of potable water increases.

   

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Title: Feasibility test of fishing variables on increasing fishermen's income in Tomini Bay, Gorontalo province
Author (s): Lis M. Yapanto, Nuddin Harahab, Sudarto and Abdul Hafidz Olii
Abstract:

This study aims to assess the household diversification of coastal fishing on coastal communities' welfare in the District of Kabila Bone, since August 2019-November 2019, 184 respondents, with a survey method. The data collected are primary and secondary data was done by using observation, interview techniques, documentation techniques. The lives and livelihoods of coastal fishing communities are very vulnerable to climate change and the environment. Diversification of fishermen's income sources outside of fisheries can be an effective way to overcome environmental change's adverse effects. This study aims to analyze the effect of business diversification on welfare, environmental sustainability, and welfare on environmental sustainability. The data collected are primary and secondary data, which is done using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The independent variable is selected according to considerations based on the empirical conditions of the coastal area, the researcher's ability and the availability of supporting theories and the characteristics of the research area. The independent or exogenous variables chosen are fishery business (X1), livestock business. Based on the model developed from the relevant theory, the endogenous variables are welfare (Y1) and environmental sustainability (Y2); the model is tested using the PLS-based Structure Equation Model (SEM). The researcher's ability and the availability of supporting theories, and the characteristics of the research area. The independent or exogenous variables chosen are fishery business (X1), livestock business. Based on the model developed from the relevant theory, the endogenous variables are welfare (Y1) and environmental sustainability (Y2); the model is tested using the PLS-based Structure Equation Model (SEM). The researcher's ability and the availability of supporting theories, and the characteristics of the research area. The independent or exogenous variables chosen are fishery business (X1), livestock business. Based on the model developed from the relevant theory, the endogenous variables are welfare (Y1) and environmental sustainability (Y2); the model is tested using the PLS-based Structure Equation Model (SEM). The model developed from the relevant theory, then tested on a model using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on SMART PLUS. The results of the analysis of effort diversification models suggest that the utilization of environmental services does not affect coastal communities' welfare.

   

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Title: Technological solutions for rock breaking with ejection of abrasive particles into a pressure water jet of a hydraulic monitor
Author (s): Natalia A. Shkaruba, Victor E. Kislyakov, Alexandr I. Kosolapov, Aleksandr K. Kirsanov, Natalia V. Nikolaeva, Pavel V. Katyshev and Umarjon R. Teshaev
Abstract:

The Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation has a significant number of placer gold deposits. Many of them are developed by hydraulic mining. Significant clay content in host rocks complicates the process of breaking them, which ultimately leads to an increase in the cost of work. Based on the authors’ earlier research, technological solutions for rock jetting with ejection of abrasive particles having density of 1.7 t/m3 are proposed to apply for overburden and mining operations in placers. The presence of solid particles in a jet makes it abrasive, and then it is possible to break the hard-to-wash clay mass with much greater efficiency, thus increasing rock jetting performance.

   

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Title: An improved SIR model for COVID-19 epidemic in Malaysia
Author (s): Lim Eng Aik, Tan Wee Choon and Tan Wei Hong
Abstract:

This research study demonstrates a numerical model intended for comprehension the COVID-19 spread of the year 2020 by utilizing the improved SIR model. The paper focuses on deceased rates rather than confirmed cases. A model derived from the standard SIR epidemiological model including asymptomatic and hospitalized, is presented, but includes symptomatic and critical states as well, for better simulate real disease dynamics. A three-dimensional nonlinear differential equation is formulated and solved numerically utilizing the Runge-Kutta’s method in MS excel. It appears from the research study that, by looking at the impact of varying people contact rates in populations shown that reducing contact rates by 50%, COVID-19 should be controllable to levels like the seasonal flu. It is additionally indicated numerically that the pandemic can be reduced to a less dangerous level when there are less infected people in contact in the populace.

   

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Title: Numerical study for the stochastic equation of point kinetics with sinusoidal reactivity using Milstein schemes
Author (s): Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Daniel E. Cedeño-Girón and Freddy Humberto Escobar
Abstract:

In this paper, the equation of stochastic point kinetics with sinusoidal reactivity is solved numerically by means of the explicit and implicit Milstein schemes. Three cases are presented in which the number of Brownian movements and time steps to calculate the density of the neutron population are varied. The results of the different numerical experiments obtained with the implemented schemes have the same form of those published in the literature. In addition, when compared to the deterministic model of point kinetics, a good approximation for neutron density is observed.

   

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Title: Erlang B traffic table modeled as an artificial neuronal network in an application for Smartphone
Author (s): Johan Julián Molina Mosquera, José de Jesús Salgado Patrón and Faiber Robayo Betancourt
Abstract:

This paper presents the methodology to implement the non-linear function of Erlang B as a multilayer ANN (Artificial Neural Network). The number of channels and the traffic intensity of the system are used as input parameters, and the blocking probability or degree of service is used as output data. The proposed model allows the development of the view controller model of the native Android application, in which another variable is entered corresponding to the intensity of traffic per user. The Android app showed results with an error of 0.06%, storing the data to visualize them graphically, thus allowing to simulate and analyze the traffic of fixed telephony and mobile telephony systems.

   

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Title: Implementation of the k-medoids method in the old school expectations in Indonesia by utilizing educational data mining
Author (s): Cecep Kustandi, Gita Widi Bhawika, Eri Susanto, Vina N. Van Harling and Anita Dewi Ekawati
Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the combination of data mining methods with clustering and classification techniques can be applied to the case of mapping the average number of years of schooling in Indonesia. The data source used in the study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (abbreviated BPS-RI) on the average length of school by province consisting of 34 records (2015-2019). The method used is a combination of k-medoids (clustering) and C4.5 (classification) methods where k-medoids are used to map clusters. The results of the cluster will be processed with C4.5 to see the value of the cluster in the form of a decision tree. The labels used in mapping clustering are high cluster for the average length of school (C1) and low cluster for the average length of school (C2) area. The average length of schooling is one indicator for the dimension of knowledge. The three dimensions are 1) Longevity and healthy living, 2) Knowledge and 3) Decent standard of living. These three dimensions are ways in which the population can access the results of development in obtaining income, health, education, and so on, which is called the Human Development Index. The results of cluster mapping mentioned that there were 9 provinces in the low cluster (26%). The low cluster is Kep. Bangka Belitung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, West Kalimantan, Gorontalo, West Sulawesi and Papua. Based on the decision tree value using the C4.5 method that the low cluster has values <8,763 and> 7,730. This means that for these low clusters the average length of schooling is to junior high school.

   

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Title: Performance of an improvised Solar-Hybrid electric stove
Author (s): Romel B. Cristobal
Abstract:

Fuel used in cooking is becoming expensive because of the rapidly growing demands for cooking fuel and there is a scarcity of sources of fuel used in cooking. There is an evident imbalance concerning the supply and demand for fuels used in cooking. The improvised solar electric stove was developed and tested to come up with an alternative cooking device. The study aimed to develop an improvised stove utilizing cheaper, locally available materials and solar energy as its source of power. It also aimed to test and compare the performance of the stove to other cooking devices. The study adapted the minimum viable products (MVP) model. The development of the stove involved construction, performance testing, comparison of time of cooking or boiling, current rating, and power consumption. Results revealed that the improvised solar electric stove has lower power consumption compared to the commercial electric stove and has comparable performance to other electric cooking devices in terms of the time of cooking, current rating, and power consumption. It was concluded that the developed improvised stove has comparable performance it is technically feasible to develop utilizing locally available materials and solar energy as its source of power.

   

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Title: In-Home power line frequency domain noise measurement and analysis for broadband communication
Author (s): Ogunlade M. Adegoke, Ilesanmi B. Oluwafemi and Olaitan Akinsanmi
Abstract:

In this paper, frequency domain noise measurement and analysis is presented for in-home power line broadband communication. A design measurement system was set up that captured the noise in frequency domain for broadband indoor power line communication. Noise samples were captured with spectrum analyzer in the frequency band from 3 to 30MHz considered to be range of frequencies for in-home power line broadband communications system. The measurement were conducted in residential buildings at Afe Babalola University Nigeria, within months; April, May and early June, 2020. From the measured data, the parameters of the noise measurements in terms of its noise amplitude, noise power level, and power spectral density were examined. Our study confirms and mirror those of the previous findings and contributes additional evidence that suggest considerably that more work will need to be done to mitigate the effects of noise in an indoor PLC environment.

   

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