Concrete is still the most popular building material because it is cheap and doesn't catch on fire. Hardened cement, fine aggregate and coarse sand are combined with admixtures to create the final product. To meet the necessity of advanced infrastructure, new innovative materials and technologies have evolved; one such technique is adding fibre reinforced polymer composites as both internal and external reinforcement. Glass fibre polymer is becoming more popular for strengthening and fixing things because it is strong for its weight, doesn't wear out quickly, doesn't cost much to maintain, and doesn't rust. Fiber-reinforced polymer laminates are used to improve the flexibility and bending strength. Both small and large cracks can be stopped by fibres. The main focus of the investigation was to look at the efficiency of discrete GFRP wraps in improving the flexural strength of beams. Alcofine and steel fibres were added to the beams before it is wrapped with GFRP to replace the cement and also to take care of the serviceability of the beam. An experimental investigation was done on the conventional beam and GFRP wrapped alcofine beams to determine their load carrying capacity. These tests were administered on standard beam of 120*180*2000 mm for 28 days to see the behavior of the concrete element. Materials were tested and compared with conventional concrete beams in terms of strength and deflection. It is found from the experimental results that with wrapping up of the yielded concrete beam with GFRP had a significant increase in the flexural strength when compared to the conventional concrete element.

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The study investigates the potential for the production of solar cells from Kazakhstani p-type conduction, purified by a metallurgical method using the advantages of the monolike technology. According to the experimental data, it can be seen that the effective lifetime shows low indicators on the FE taken from the upper part of the ingots before the gettering process. This applies to multicrystalline silicon cells. After phosphorus diffusion, an increase in t_eff can be seen, which does not depend on the material under study. As a rule, a decrease in the effective lifetime of charge carriers in silicon can occur due to the presence of a large number of metal impurities, which can create formations in the form of deposits in crystal defects or dissolve in silicon. This impurity can be interstitial iron (Fe_i), which can form additional energy levels in Eg. As a result, the recombination activity of the cell increases and t_eff decreases. During phosphorus diffusion, those impurities with a sufficiently high diffusion coefficient can penetrate into the n-type layer and create electrically neutral clusters. It has been shown that silicon grown by the monolike technology has a longer carrier lifetime compared to standard mc-Si. In addition, it was shown that in the process of creating a FE, the lifetime of charge carriers increases due to the gettering effect without additional purification processes. The advantages of the developed technology were observed at the level of solar cells, manifested in an increase in efficiency and a decrease in the distribution of efficiency along the ingot height. In conclusion, it is shown that SC made of monolike silicon has a rather low degradation of efficiency when exposed to light. Silicon monolike in the near future may become a breakthrough in the photovoltaic industry due to the high potential for the production of solar cells with high efficiency and a significant reduction in production costs.

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Sign language was used as a means of communicating many centuries ago. Learning sign language can be problematic and confusing for ordinary people, where most of them do not have the basics of the word. This paper aims to create a smart glove, which consists of a hardware-based glove complemented by a mobile application to help regular people learn Malaysian Sign Language (MSL) themselves. This differentiates this project compares to most other literature that focuses on translating MSL. The glove uses a microcontroller such as Arduino as a processor and an accelerometer as a sensor to recognize hand gestures defined by alphabet, number, and several Malaysian Sign Language words. The hand gesture data will be sent to the mobile application via Bluetooth communication. The mobile application built using MIT App Inventor will provide suitable questions and provide feedback to the user. In the result and discussion, the accuracy of the prototype is discussed. The effectiveness of the prototype as a learning tool is not discussed in this paper as the paper tries to fit within the scope of the journal. Having said that, the potential of the prototype for further improvement and a more detailed study from the perspective of learning theory needs to be studied to gauge accurately the effectiveness of the prototype as a learning tool.

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The objective of this paper is to design and develop a car seat alert system by using IoT. Heatstroke mortality among children in automobiles are on the rise these days, with an annual increase in the number of cases. Furthermore, the inside of a vehicle heats up quickly, which is a major issue for parents who want to travel by car with their children. The car seat alert system is designed to inform and alert parents who may forget their children in any kind of situation. The NodeMCU ESP8266 is used as a microcontroller to control all the input and output devices in this system. This device includes an indicator lamp, LED strip and a buzzer to trigger and alert parents when this sort of carelessness occurs. Aside from that, LCD is used to show the presence of the children in the seat as well as the temperature inside the vehicle. Other than that, the GPS module is used to provide the user with the location of the child who has been left in the car. Apart from that, the system will send the alert message to the user through the WhatsApp application for monitoring and notifying the alert message. This research demonstrated that the car seat alert system was conceived, implemented, and analyzed satisfactorily.

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Applications of Self consolidating concrete (SCC) are on the rise day by day throughout the world in various fields like precast members production, construction of tall buildings, earth retaining structures, deep foundations, bridge decks, pavements, repair and retrofitting works etc. This might be due to its improved constructability in terms of faster placement of concrete, less involvement of skilled labour, penetration into congested reinforced areas and so on. Construction industries are facing challenges in acquiring raw materials throughout the year. To maintain continuous supply, sustainability of the resources and identification of alternative resources is highly desirable. The present paper addresses one such alternative of employing recycled ceramics as a partial replacement to cement as well as fine and coarse aggregates. Cement and aggregates in SCC mix of strength about 60 MPa, are partially replaced with Recycled ceramic powder and recycled ceramic aggregates up to 50% in increments of 12.5%. Desired fresh properties are obtained by varying the dosage of the superplasticizer. From the results, it was observed that recycled ceramic powder and fine aggregates can replace the cement and fine aggregates up to 40% by weight without loss in compressive and split tensile strengths. Recycled ceramic coarse aggregates can be used up to 20% by weight of normal coarse aggregates with the desired flow and hardened properties, but beyond this SCC mixes are found to be subjected to bleeding and segregation and considerable loss in mechanical properties.

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Detailed analysis of each technological operation at the stage of post-harvest processing of grain in the granary system is characterized by a variety of technological parameters of machinery and equipment, these parameters can be both controlled and uncontrolled, which causes some difficulties in complex mechanization and automation of production processes. This aspect also creates difficulties in the development of application software for the management of the technological process of grain production on the ground, as a holistic controlled system which includes all the basic equipment and additional hardware in the granary system. Therefore, the development of methods for assessing the effectiveness of automated process control systems on site is an urgent problem. Due to the stochastic dynamic nature of the technological system of post-harvest grain processing, mathematical modeling methods cannot fully describe the work of this system as a whole, so scientists are increasingly using computer modeling methods. The article considers the main issues related to the development of the optimal structure of applied software for process control of grain production on ground, as well as developed methods for evaluating the effectiveness of applied software for process control, based on the calculation of comparative efficiency. Design approach to the management of the system of machines for post-harvest processing of grain, the causal links between the technological parts of the system.

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The research is devoted to studying the actual problem of positive changes in the extraction working stability during the rock pack formation in the goaf area during underground coal mining. The mining-geological conditions of the Zakhidno-Donbaska mine, PJSC “DTEK Pavlohradvuhillia”, are chosen for the research. A geomechanical model of a rock mass around an extraction drift when using traditional technology, as well as selective coal seam mining technology with leaving the rock in the goaf area, has been substantiated and constructed. The curves of stress field development around the extraction drift, when using traditional mining technology with complete caving of rocks and selective mining technology with leaving the rock in the goaf area, have been obtained. The patterns of changes in the rock contour displacements in the mine working with various mining technologies have been determined. The possibility of reusing extraction workings with backfilling the goaf area behind the longwall face has been substantiated, which is confirmed by the improvement in the stress state of the rock mass and support elements.

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This paper is given an analysis of the use of technical lignins for creating new binding materials that meet the current level of foundry requirements. The reasons that restrain their use are discussed. Their objective (based on the physical nature of the material) and subjective (based on commercial benefits) origins are shown. Prospects for the use of technical lignins are considered, for example, the use of technical lignosulfonates (the main representative of the family of technical lignins on the markets of binders). The place and role of lignin-containing materials in the general view of the thematic focus of research on the synthesis of new binders, namely the creation of binders on a biopolymer basis, are investigated. The reasons for the relevance of this direction, based on ensuring a full cycle of environmental safety of production, from sanitary and hygienic working conditions in production to ensure the free biodegradation of production wastes are revealed. Examples of successful implementation of technological processes for producing castings based on technical lignosulfonates through the use of methods of high-energy mechanical action are given.

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Soil properties are poor and less profitable when used as the basis of a building or construction, among others, high plasticity, low shear strength and great congestion that can cause harm, especially in the structure of lightweight construction and road highway. Expansive soil is soil that has a high sensitivity that can cause damage to the buildings standing on it. Tests were conducted preliminary testing to obtain the physical properties and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of the original soil as well as follow-up testing is done to stabilize 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% dolomit and bottom ash. Tests were carried out, namely the Atterberg limits, sieve analysis, hydrometer, specific gravity, compaction and CBR (soaked) using the optimum moisture content obtained from the native soil compaction testing to get the value of swelling potential with soaking time 0, 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. Results of tests performed by dolomit and bottom ash on expansive soil (Bentonite) can improve the physical properties, increase the bearing capacity unsoaked and lower the swelling potential value of the soil base.

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