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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                       November 2020  |  Vol. 15  No. 22
   
Title: Cross Flow Kinetic Turbine performance using computer fluid dynamic simulation
Author (s): Rudy Soenoko and Erwin Sulistyo
Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to observe a kinetic turbine with a new design. Kinetic turbine with this new design adopts a cross flow turbine design. As with kinetic turbines in general, kinetic turbines with this new design also only rely on the water flow rate to drive the turbine, which is then converted into electrical energy by utilizing a generator. It is hoped that this Cross Flow Kinetic Turbine can improve the performance of kinetic turbines, which are known to have a low efficiency. The research system conducted is a simulation that utilizes CFD software. This simulation activity is comparing water behavior in a kinetic turbine by observing the water trajectory between the turbine blades. The kinetic turbine that will be compared with the cross flow kinetic turbine (CFKT) is a Curve Bladed Kinetic Turbine (CBKT). The reason for comparing with CBKT, is because the CBKT has been tested experimentally in the fluid mechanics laboratory. So by comparing the water behavior in this case is the water line trajectory, then the CFKT as a turbine with a new design can be predicted whether it has a better performance than the CBKT or not. In this modeling activity, the focus of the observation is on the movement of water velocity in the blade chamber which will produce momentum or thrust. From the results of this test in general, the Cross Flow Kinetic Turbine has a good performance, because the push of water flow occurs on four blades. Namely the push on two blades on the first stage and push on the two blades on the second stage. Whereas on the Curve Bladed Kinetic Turbine only two blades get a boost. Keep in mind that a push on the blade by the speed of the water will produce momentum that represents the thrust on the turbine blade. From the prototype test results for the 5? runner position the water velocity that produces a boost at CFKT is equal to 3,151 m/s in area a, 4,051 m/s in area f, 2,701 m/s in area b and 4,051 m/s in area e. Whereas for the CBKT the water flow velocity is 2.233 in the area a and the water flow velocity in area b is equal to 2.233 m/s. From this result, it can be seen that the CFKT has a better performance than the CBKT. Overall at each runner's position, the momentum generated at the CFKT is greater than the momentum generated at the CBKT.

   

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Title: Double nitrogen-doped carbon to support Fe-N-C catalyst in electrochemical and physical properties
Author (s): Vuri Ayu Setyowati, Diah Susanti, Lukman Noerochim, Chen-Hao Wang and Fauzan Abdul Aziz
Abstract:

The aims of this study is to analyze the new material substitute for Pt/C catalyst with the main material Fe as a metal precursor, graphite as carbon, and variations of nitrogen derived from organic compounds. The homogenous mixing generated a nitrogen-coated carbon surface after pyrolysis. Nitrogen and carbon were fixed in the ratio of 1:1 and mixed with the compound FeCl3.6H2O dissolved with ethanol. The percentage of Fe was 7wt%. Pyrolysis was carried out at 700°C for 2 hours under N2 atmosphere. The formation of new compounds after pyrolysis, such as FeS and Fe2O3, has a role to increase catalytic activity. The Fe-N (urea + PVP) -C catalyst has the largest CV and current density area compared to the Fe-N (urea) -C and Fe-C catalysts. These results are caused by the largest surface area of 7.239 m²/g of Fe-N (urea + PVP) -C and have a uniform distribution of nitrogen on the carbon surface as shown by the SEM observation image. In addition, the good electrochemical properties of the Fe-N (urea + PVP) -C catalyst due to the high nitrogen content of the EDX analysis of 2.97 wt% demonstrate it is possible to form nitrogen functional groups after pyrolysis.

   

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Title: Investigation on effect of dynamic loads on multistoried car parking structure and parked vehicles
Author (s): Tafazul Azim Reshi and G. Augustine Maniraj Pandian
Abstract:

In a typical developing country like India where urbanization is taking place at a rapid pace, multistory parking structures have started mushrooming in almost every city landscape. Firstly, the structure has to be made earthquake resistant. Secondly, the parked vehicles have also to be protected from damage during an earthquake. The safety of parked vehicles is seldom factored into the design. During extreme lateral loading the vehicles themselves will be subjected to excessive displacements which will make them collide with each other leading to considerable damage especially to sensitive electronic / digital controls. Normally the parked vehicles are modelled as mass objects in a structure. However, if one has to understand the behaviour of parked vehicles, the same have to be modelled as dynamic objects with mass and stiffness. This work has precisely considered this important aspect, which is rarely addressed, and herein lies the uniqueness of this research work. This work envisages analysis of a G+11 car parking structure with moment resistant frame as the structural system. The analyses consisted of essentially two procedures; one to model the parked cars as mass objects, treating them as point loads; second, to treat them as dynamic objects, treating each car as single storey portal frame with mass, stiffness and supports. In order to model the car as dynamic object, a typical automobile was considered and its mass and stiffness were found out and from these values, an equivalent frame model was arrived at. Further the analyses included considering mass regularities vertically across the floors as well as horizontally within the floors. Overall 11 models were analyzed five with cars as mass objects and five with cars as dynamic objects. The results studied were base shear, time period, displacement of structure as a whole and displacement of individual cars. It is seen that modelling of the parked vehicles as dynamic objects increases the rigidity of the structure resulting in higher base shear with the percentage difference ranging from 4.58% to 4.75% in comparison with the structures in which parked objects are treated as mass objects. Therefore, from safety point of view modelling of parked vehicles as dynamic objects is required. Car displacement varies from 3.48 mm in ground floor for model Ms2 to 24.74 mm in 11th floor for model Ms5 whereas corresponding floor displacements varies from 2.81 mm to 23.84 mm, indicating the cars do not collide during an earthquake.

   

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Title: The influence of annealing temperature on variation of physicomechanical properties of wall ceramic tiles based on loess loam modified by oil sludge
Author (s): Muratbai Zhanaidarovich Ryskaliyev, Sabit Muratovich Zharylgapov, Nargul Amanovna Saktaganova, Ulbossyn Zhangabilkyzy Sarabekova and Uliya Baktybaevna Abdikerova
Abstract:

This work is aimed at investigation into oil sludges and their application in the composition of ceramic pastes as energy-efficient and modifying component for production of ceramic bricks. The article discusses the results of experimental study of oil sludges. Innovative engineering approaches to conversion of oil sludge into organ mineral conglomerate state have been developed. It has been established that addition of organ mineral conglomerate mixture with oil sludge converts ceramic paste based on loess loam from high-sensitive matters into low-sensitive ones. Combustion of oil sludge in the composition of organ mineral conglomerate mixture makes it possible to increase temperature in furnace and accelerates baking of ceramic bodies. This is evidenced by reduction in baking time of samples from 9 to 7.5 hours. This process provides decrease in energy consumption at the stage of article baking. Moreover, the weight of final product decreases by 15-20 %, which simplifies labor procedures and increases labor efficiency upon brick laying. Herewith, the load on building foundation decreases, thus reducing material consumption upon construction by nearly 10-12%.

   

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Title: Comparison of machining performance using self-developed portable vacuum clamping system
Author (s): N. Ab Wahab, N. S. Apandi and Mohamad Nor Iqbal Bin Samsul Mafrizal
Abstract:

Usually instruments or holding equipment such as vise are used to clamp the piece of job. Due to the low stiffness of the workpiece during machining, thin wall components have always been a challenge to clamp. This study aims to compare the effect of machining performance using self-developed portable vacuum clamping system (SPVCS). SPVCS had been developed at laboratory. This study is to evaluate the work-ability of SPVCS; two process of machining process had been tested. Experiments were conducted on acrylic to end mill machining and engrave machining with parameters selected to cut. To analyses the result for end mill process, systematic measurement of process response parameters in terms of surface roughness had been conducted. The surface roughness was analyzed to observe the influence of process parameters on the suction vacuum clamp during machining. While for engrave process Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) had been used to check and verify the result of thickness at 13 points that been selected. For each machining process two condition of machining condition had been observed. Firstly, continuously vacuum pressure method and secondly, remain vacuum pressure method. The result showed that vacuum clamping contributed in better surface roughness with average value of 0.585µm for continuously pressure method and 0.663µm for remain pressure method for end mill process. On the other hand, the result also showed that vacuum clamping contributed in better dimension accuracy with average value of 14µm for continuously pressure method and 8µm for maintain pressure method for engrave process. As a conclusion, it was proofed that the vacuum clamping can improve the machining performances of acrylic plate in term of surface finishing and surface roughness quality.

   

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Title: Mathematical model for valuing options
Author (s): Alvaro Javier Cangrejo Esquivel, José Rafael Tovar Cuevas and Faiber Robayo Betancourt
Abstract:

In this article, the classical theory leading to the Black-Scholes equation, widely used in the market model for valuing financial options developed. In this sense, the mathematical development from a stochastic differential equation leads to the equation, Black Scholes; therefore, the model’s solution is presented. Initially, the model is transformed into the heat equation, and then it is combined with the inverse Fourier transformation, supported in the performance of the separation of variables method and the description of the solution according to the nature of the root of the characteristic polynomial. A solution of the call option is achieved. From this, through the parity relation, the value of a put option is also found. Finally, the volatility parameter associated with the model is estimated through the classic and Bayesian approach, where it was shown that when evaluating the premium or price of the option from the volatility estimate from the Bayesian approach, it presents a lower proportion of risk to what happens in the financial market.

   

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Title: Sustainable about the need of parking systems at the Mall RDS Bogor
Author (s): Syaiful Syaiful, Heru Prayoga and Juang Akbardin
Abstract:

Mall is currently in great demand from Indonesian people to meet daily needs and is part of the modern lifestyle. The more the number of Mall in the city of Bogor, the more attract consumers to come shopping. In attracting customers to come is to improve facilities at the study site of Mall Ramayana Department Store/Mall RDS in Bogor Square. The location of Mall RDS Bogor is very strategic and located in the heart of the city. Beginning in 2017 in the construction of the BORR Toll Road Session IIA, directly affected the parking facilities. Reduced parking spaces about 40% of the original affect the overall parking performance. Reduced parking lots led the research team to examine the deductions. The research team conducted a study on static capacity and dynamic capacity. From the results of the study, parking capacity of off street passenger cars in Mall RDS shows static capacity of off street parking space of passenger cars based on effective floor area has not fulfilled the requirement of 225 Units of Parking Space/URP. While off street parking space passenger cars have a dynamic capacity of 393 vehicles and can meet the needs.

   

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Title: A comparison study of biotic factor’s effect on photosynthesis processes of soybean by using MultispeQ device on photosynq.org platform
Author (s): Y. Dutbayev, N. Sultanova, V. Tsygankov, R. Islam and N. Kuldybayev
Abstract:

One of the modern devices for monitoring photosynthesis is MultispeQ that is the open-source scientific instruments designed to collect high-quality data for in situ plant studies. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is an important oilseed crop in Kazakhstan, but in recent years its production affected by widespread soil-borne diseases especially root rot by Fusarium spp in Western Kazakhstan. Monitoring plant physiological responses to biotic vectors are unique to evaluate the effects of different vectors on host processes involved in plant growth and yield. The aim of the study was comparison study of biotic factors (Fusarium infection and genotype). Soybean physiology was studied with the MultispeQ device on photosyng.org platform to test 12 different genotypes. R software was used to identify the most important physiological parameters in selecting the most adaptive varieties of soybean. Results showed that soil infection of F. equiseti significantly impacted and increased to linear electron flow (LEF) chlorophyl fraction indexes on Samer-1, Samer-2, Toury, Anastasya, Samer-3, Samer- 5, Belor, Swapa and Cheremosh soybean genotypes with respect to non-inoculated genotypes. The general distribution of LEF chlorophyl fraction indexes before inoculation decreased as compared to ones after experiment. Our results suggested that soil infection affected LEF chlorophyll fraction.

   

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Title: Validation of an experimental method for peak temperatures evaluation on a RR Merlin XX head
Author (s): Luca Piancastelli, Federico Calzini and Stefano Cassani
Abstract:

Aluminum alloy properties are hugely influenced by temperatures and stress gradients. In piston engines, temperatures vary slowly when compared to operating pressure and stress. Therefore, averaging the temperature values is a valid assumption. This paper compares the experimental head temperatures of a Rolls-Royce-Merlin-XX-head with the ones of a NACA paper on a very similar Merlin-Packard-V-1650-7. This experimental method in based on residual hardness measurement on a head of a RR Merlin that crashed in Italy during WWII. The first part is to define the “working life” in hours of the engine. A few samples from a “cool” part of the head give the initial “thermally intact” hardness. Then the hardness of a few samples from a known temperature part is measured. In our case, it is the part of the head that is directly exposed to coolant. The time interval that gives a residual hardness equal to the one of the part of the head that is directly exposed to coolant gives the engine working life. For this purpose, a set of “cool part” samples are kept in at the maximum constant temperature of the coolant (135 degrees C). Then, a few specimens are kept at higher temperatures and are extracted from the oven at regular time intervals. The residual hardness is measured on these specimens. A further set of specimens is subjected to random thermal cycling to verify that the alloy hardness reduction is influenced by the time at high temperature and not by the thermal cycle history. In this way, a correlation between residual hardness and temperature is obtained for the specific engine alloy. It is then possible to measure the residual hardness of various points of the head and to obtain the maximum temperature reached in a specific point. In general, experimental tests have confirmed the cost-effectiveness of this approach. The NACA TM 2069 data and the ones measured with this method show an extremely good correlation. It is then possible to affirm that, also for the alloy used for the Merlin head, a modified Hiduminium RR50, this method of test is valid. Other positive tests were performed in the past with the much more common AlSi9 alloy used for the head of FIAT-1900jtd-8V automotive engine. The method of the residual hardness is old and has met several critics in the scientific community. This paper demonstrates that, for at least a few aluminum alloys, it is still valid. It is a very inexpensive method to evaluate temperatures in new engines using disposed units with a known load history and time. The results are precious to verify that the simulation results used in the head design led to reasonable results. In this way, the development time of new engines can be significantly reduced.

   

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Title: Combination of electrocoagulation and flotation technologies in apparatus for treatment of electroplating wastewater
Author (s): Melnyk O., Kovalenko V., Kotok V. and Kovalenko I.
Abstract:

Despite global problems that can affect the world economy (COVID-19, military conflicts, migration, etc), the world's manufacturing capacity continues to grow. Inefficient water usage production schemes, an unacceptable state of water treatment facilities, outdated material-hungry wastewater processing methods lead to the worsening of Ukraine's ecological situation. Electroplating manufacturing is among the biggest industrial water consumers. One of the most dangerous contaminant is chromium electroplating line. Hexavalent chromium compounds are classified as Category 1 health hazard. Among numerous methods for treatment of chromium-containing electroplating waters the electrochemical method was chosen as the most appropriate. A fundamentally new technological scheme for the treatment of wastewater of chromium electroplating manufacturing line, with the underlying principle of creating closed-circuit resource circulation was developed. The design of the electrocoagulator was improved by equipping with special floatation device that helps to prevent the formation of channels and cavities in the near anode. The ectrofloatocoagulator, which combines galvanic and electrochemical dissolution of anode and floatation was tested. The generalized schematic of the advanced electrochemical process was showed. The proposed scheme includes electrocoagulation and flotation technologies and allows for water treatment down to regulated values with minimal power consumption, while output mud sludge with stable structural characteristics. Laboratory analysis of obtained precipitate samples, allowed to conclude that based on chemical inertness of layered double hide oxides, they can be used as landfill material, secondary raw materials: pellets in metallurgy, ceramic tiles, bricks, etc.

   

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Title: Calculation of reactivity with recursive dependence on feedback temperature
Author (s): Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Geraldyne Ule-Duque and Gilberto Espinosa-Paredes
Abstract:

The objective of this work is to calculate the reactivity with feedback temperature effects by means of the inverse equation of deterministic point kinetics using the first Bernoulli number in the Euler-Maclaurin series approximation. The Doppler effect with feedback temperature is considered, which is recursively calculated from an initial value. To validate the proposed method, several numerical experiments are carried out with different time steps, simulation times and forms for the density of neutron population.

   

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Title: Study of biogas during fermentation of cattle manure using a stimulating additive in form of vegetable oil sediment
Author (s): Rogovskii I. L., Polishchuk V. M., Titova L. L., Sivak I. M., Vyhovskyi A. Yu., Drahnev S. V. and Voinash S. A.

Abstract:

This article presents the design and implementation of an experimental biogas plant, which consists of a digester with a useful volume of 30 l and a wet gas tank. The main contribution of this work is the provision of a new tool in the field of biogas production by controlling the loading of the substrate into the digester. The substrate is prepared by mixing a measured amount of cattle manure with water and a vegetable oil sediment. As a result of the experimental study, it was established that the rational cycle of the fermentation of cattle manure is 13-14 days, a mixture of cattle manure and orhanat - 9-10 days. Biogas output increases with increasing fermentation temperature. For 14 days of fermentation, the average accumulated output of biogas during the fermentation of cattle manure at a fermentation temperature of 55 °C is 336 l/kg of dry organic matter (DOM), at a fermentation temperature of 50 °C is 283 l/kg DOM, 45 °C is 257 l/kg DOM, 40 °C is 184 l/kg DOM. Cattle manure after feeding livestock with silage and concentrated feed generates a slightly higher output of biogas compared to cattle manure after feeding livestock with straw based feed. The total volume of biogas obtained during the fermentation of the mixture of cattle manure and orhanat is higher than when the pure cattle manure is fermented. At the same time, a unit of DOM of pure cattle manure gives a greater output of biogas compared with a unit of DOM of a mixture of cattle manure and orhanat. When fermenting a mixture of cattle manure and orhanat at a temperature of 45 °C, it turns out 195.7 l/kg DOM of biogas, 45 °C - 175.7 l/kg DOM of biogas. The average calorific value of biogas obtained during the fermentation of cattle manure is in the range of 12-17 MJ/m3. The biogas obtained during the fermentation of a mixture of cattle manure and orhanat does not burn at all at the initial stage of fermentation (2-5 days). In the next few days, the burning of biogas is very weak. At the same time in atmosphere of the laboratory room, there is a persistent smell of hydrogen sulfide. Subsequently, combustion is normalized and the calorific value of biogas approaches standard values.

   

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Title: Conversion of agro-wastes into bio-fertilizer by Anaerobic digestion for soil fertility enhancement
Author (s): Majolagbe O. N., Ayandele A., Adebayo E. A. and Omomowo I. O.

Abstract:

There is a continuous demand for bio-fertilizer to improve the soil fertility and increase food production. Wastes were collected from eateries, food canteens, domestic houses and agricultural outlets. Five experimental set-ups were made using different combinations of digested wastes as follows: pig waste (Pw), cassava wastes (Cw), food wastes (Fw); pig waste + cassava waste (Pw+Cw), pig waste + Food wastes (Pw+Fw). The slurry of each category of bio-product were prepared by addition of appropriate volume of water, incubated for 70days with intermittent agitation at regular intervals in the digester. The principal bacteria which took the most active role in the bioconversion process were identified to P. aeruginosa and Bacillus spp. Comparative evaluation of each of the digested category of slurry combinations showed variations in their nitrogen content as follows: Pw(1.70± 0.03 mg/100g), Cw (0.61±0.02mg/100g), Fw (1.96±0.03mg/100g), Pw+Cw (1.20±0.01mg/100g), Pw+Fw (2.10± 0.02mg/100g). Pw+Fw showed highest K, P and Mg concentrations as 66.72± 2.36 mg/100g, 143.36± 2.36 mg/100g and 53.34±2.36 mg/100g respectively. The elemental composition in the increasing order in each of the slurry waste as follows: Cw<Fw< Pw <Pw+Cw<Pw+Fw There were shifts in the pH which could be due to metabolic activities and microbial interaction between the soil, other its component and added digested waste. The best performance in mineral content and plant growth noticed in Pw+Fw could be due to the nearness to neutrality of its pH.

   

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Title: Four-bar mechanism’s rotation center determination using natural coordinates
Author (s): Neider Nadid Romero, Edwin B. Rua Ramírez and Gonzalo G. Moreno Contreras

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In this paper the use of natural coordinates for the analytical determination of the center of rotation of four-bar mechanisms is proposed. The natural coordinates are mostly Cartesian coordinates located in the kinematic pairs or in points of interest of the mechanism, where the main advantage of their use is that angular parameters and trigonometric functions can be disregarded, which facilitates the understanding of the modeling, in addition it is not necessary to use trigonometric functions. This technique allow to reduce the computational cost in a great way, optimizing problems where the rotation center has to be calculated many times. To achieve this goal, the problem is described and formulated in a robust way using natural coordinates and operating within the body of complex numbers. Then, to deal with the present problem, the mechanism’s kinematics position in natural coordinates is modeled and computing and with the obtained equations, a program is implemented in MATLAB® to show the curve described by the rotation centers of links, which is fundamental for the optimal design of polycentric mechanisms.

   

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Title: Synthesis polymer styrene butadiene hybrid latex with laponite organoclay as filler via emulsion polymerization technique for application in paper coating
Author (s): Bambang Soegijono, Johannes Chanra, Zheng Zhongwu and Puke Mi

Abstract:

Synthesis of styrene butadiene hybrid latex was performed via emulsion polymerization technique using various amount of laponite clay as filler. Laponite clay was modified with cationic surfactant methyl triphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPB) with ion exchange technique prior to polymerization process. The main objective of the modification is to render the surface of the clay layers to more organophilic. Emulsion polymerization was performed under semi batch process using 2 L laboratory stainless steel reactor with temperature 85°C to 90°C for 8 hours. Polymer hybrid styrene butadiene latex was characterized for its physical and chemical properties with standard ASTM Methods. Characterization of its binding and printing properties were carried out with standard testing method (TAPPI Methods) using single coating formulation on 80 gsm woodfree paper. Polymer hybrid latex based on styrene and butadiene monomers with laponite clay enhanced binding and printing properties of coated paper, addition of laponite clay to 6.0wt% increased the binding resistance of the coated paper two times higher than pure latex. Reducing binder level become possible for cost saving.

   

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Title: Research into thermobaric processes of methane gas hydrates formation
Author (s): Volodymyr Bondarenko, Olena Svietkina, Kateryna Sai and Mykhailo Petlovanyi

Abstract:

Based on experimental studies, the paper deals with the dynamics of the methane gas hydrates formation, influenced by the organized media, such as surface-active agents (surfactants, SAA), namely, dibutylphenol treated with ethylene oxide, as well as ethoxylated alcohols. The stalagmometric method with automatic photoelectronic drops counting, a conductometric method, a Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer, as well as laboratory setup with varying thermobaric parameters of the hydrate formation process are used. The molecular dynamics method and the Monte Carlo method are applied to the process of methane gas hydrates formation. New experimental dependences of the gas hydrates formation have been determined on thermobaric conditions with and without of organized media. It has been set that under normal conditions of hydrate formation, the hydrate formation thermobaric curve consists of two identical dependences, which is caused by formation of the KS-II structure hydrates with different degrees of filling the crystal lattice cavities: from 275.0 to 279.2 K - small cavities, and above - larger ones. When applying a surfactant, water structuring with formation of immediately large cavities in the gas hydrate crystal lattice are observed, due to which the methane content in the hydrate increases. It has been revealed that the gas hydrates formation process occurs stepwise, by replacing old bonds with new ones with a gradual change in the coordination number of reacting surface atoms. It has been found that surface clustering in the presence of organized media facilitates the gas hydrate formation process by means of micellar catalysis. The dependences have been determined of the gaseous methane amount contained in the cluster upon the temperature in the dissociation of obtained gas hydrate samples. The amount of methane in a unit volume of gas hydrate has been determined: without adding the surfactant at a maximum pressure of 18 MPa – 120 m3; by adding the surfactant with the same thermobaric parameters – 160 m3.

   

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Title: Virtual environment for smart robotic applications
Author (s): Javier Pinzon-Arenas, Robinson Jimenez-Moreno and Astrid Rubiano

Abstract:

This article presents the development of a virtual environment for testing industrial-type robotic applications, using artificial intelligence techniques through convolutional neural networks. The developed environment is made up of two RGB-D cameras for capturing information from the workspace in which the robot operates, a conveyor belt and a work table. A ResNet-50 model within a Faster R-CNN is used to detect a tool, in order to indicate to the robot the position of it, to generate a pick and place application, from the table to the conveyor belt, as a method for validating the environment, reaching an average precision of detection of the object of interest greater than 82% and an 84% success rate on the pick and place task.

   

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Title: Environmental assessment of the impact of technogenic factors on the soil mesofauna of the south-east of Kazakhstan and development bioindicative and indicative factors
Author (s): Z. Tukenova, T. Akylbekova, M. Alimzhanova, K. Ashimuly and A. Saparov

Abstract:

A lot of research is devoted to soil fauna, which is especially harmful on cultivated lands, and its changes with different methods of cultivating cultivated plants. The patterns of changes in the mesofauna on the dry and irrigated lands were studied. The experiment, in contrast to the available works in the scientific literature, will be based on the study of the impact of technogenic factors on the mesofauna of soils in southeast Kazakhstan. Studying the soil mesofauna will make it possible to solve many cardinal problems of systematics, phylogeny, evolutionary patterns, and other issues of soil zoology. The abundance and distribution of individual groups of the soil population is significantly affected by such indicators of the soil environment as the thickness of the litter and the content of humus in the soil. There is a tendency to positively correlate the characteristics of soil zoocenosis with soil moisture. pH and soil temperature, but their influence is significant only for certain groups of mesofauna, such as earthworms of the genus Lumbricus, larvae of dessert beetles, weevils and clickers. The significance of all factors considered is different for different representatives of soil invertebrates. The results showed accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu) in the soil of southeastern Kazakhstan (Saimasai village) that cadmium representatives of the soil mesofauna accumulate in these quantities in the smallest amounts. The revealed features of the accumulation of HM in soil in the territory of the village of Saimasai indicate that the lead-zinc association is characteristic of the residential area, and the lead-cadmium association is characteristic of Sadovaya and Rysbekov streets, Pb (residential and Rysbekov) and Cd (Sadovaya) occupy a leading position. The geochemical series (Kc) of the accumulation of toxic elements of hazard classes 1 and 2 in the soil of the Saimasai village was established: Pb30> Cd20> Zn15.8> Cu1.7. Thus, the conclusion is made that the absence of the overall Saimasai soil pollution coefficient (64.5) reflects a high level of pollution in accordance with the generally accepted gradation of urban pollution, that is, dangerous levels of pollutants, in particular heavy metals.

   

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Title: Fuzzy temperature controller based on Bluetooth low energy for indoor pet dogs
Author (s): Aaron Don M. Africa and Phil Fredric D. Hermosa

Abstract:

Indoor pet dogs have greatly affected our daily lives primarily as our companions, friends, and a source of entertainment. Ownership of these pets imposes diligent, consistent, and cognizant of responsibility as they have rights and needs like human beings. A worrying problem nowadays is the negligence of regular maintenance and check-ups to veterinarians that results in the rise of illnesses among pet dogs. Common ailments by dogs include yeast infection, skin allergies, and a high fever that can be easily prevented and monitored. This research paper proposes a methodology to regulate, control, and monitor the temperature inside a doghouse. The system will be equipped with temperature, humidity, and proximity sensors as well as a 12VDC fan and heating element. A fuzzy logic controller will also be implemented to produce better output response and minimize error rates within the system. NodeMCU ESP8266 will be utilized as the microcontroller of the system and is responsible for processing the data and control commands. Matlab R2019b is used to design and program the fuzzy logic controller. The proposed research will significantly support the necessary maintenance and control of the dog’s environment.

   

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Title: Reflectivity in C-band meteorological radars analyzed with data mining and neural networks, case study: Radar El Tablazo (Subachoque, Cundinamarca, Colombia)
Author (s): Julián R. Camargo L., Ernesto Gómez Vargas and César A. Perdomo Ch.

Abstract:

This paper shows the analysis of reflectivity data measured by a C-band weather radar located on El Tablazohill, Subachoque, Cundinamarca (Colombia), using data mining and fuzzy logic. A decoding of the data measured by the weather radar was done, and then an analysis of these data was made using neural networks that are trained with 10 and 20 neurons. In each case, the effectiveness of these networks is tested, hoping that the neural networks will allow the elimination of the erroneous information and then normalize it to the scale used according to the standard.

   

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Title: Investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of a wind-driven power plant
Author (s): A. B. Kabanbayev, S. A. Orynbayev and M. Bekmuratov

Abstract:

From geographical and meteorological point of view, Kazakhstan is a favorable country for the use of wind energy, the prospects for the use of which are determined by the availability of appropriate wind energy resources. About 50% of the territory of Kazakhstan has an average annual wind speed of 4-5 m/s, and a number of regions have a wind speed of 6 m/s or more, which predetermines good opportunities for using wind energy. The Concept of transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to sustainable development for 2007-2024 years suggests that the share of alternative energy sources should be 5% in the country’s total energy balance by 2024 [1]. The wind energy is considered not only as an ecologically “clean” source of energy – the wind energy also supports socio-economic development, energy security and reduces the dependence of electricity on fuel prices. Currently, the most widespread are turbine wind power plants, the working body of which are turbine rotor blades moving under the action of lifting forces. It is known that turbine wind power plants have a number of disadvantages, including low efficiency [2]. Another type of wind power plant is a wind power plant with a sail in the form of a toroidal shape with an aerodynamic profile. The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of a wind power plant with a blade in the form of a toroidal shape in an aerodynamic tube.

   

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Title: Available bandwidth estimation metrics as tools to evaluate network trunk links
Author (s): Dixon Salcedo, Angel Cabajal, Eduardo Gutierrez, Oscar Castro Ernesto Esmeral, Jesús Urueta, Miguel Rico, Carlos Henriquez, Diana Suarez, Johan Mardini, Daniel Ortíz, Daniel Bernal and Albeiro Cortes

Abstract:

Nowadays the platform par excellence for the development of all telecommunication activities is the Internet; and its infrastructure is facing new challenges every day due to the growth in demand for more content, such as streaming video, storage, and cloud processing. Also, to maintain optimal levels of service quality, network applications demand more telecommunication resources. Similarly, the network infrastructures that support these applications have evolved, and demand greater and more efficient management of the trunk links, which play a primary role in sustaining services. Therefore, this paper presents the performance evaluation of trunk, wired and wireless links in a heterogeneous computer network infrastructure, using available bandwidth estimation tools such as IGI, Pathload, and Traceband. Thus, for the experimental evaluation of the trunk links, two real network scenarios were implemented, where cross traffic was generated in a synthetic way using the Mgen tool. Consequently, this study allowed to verify in other aspects; that the metrics of the estimation tools can be used to evaluate and know the performance of wired and wireless trunk links, which can be reliable up to 96% for network administrative tasks.

   

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Title: Auto-tuning multi-loop digital PID controller using PSoC5LP
Author (s): Julián R. Camargo L., César A. Perdomo Ch. and Oscar D. Flórez C.

Abstract:

This paper presents the design and implementation of a multi-loop digital PID controller that operates with different types of variables, allowing to centralize the processes in a smaller number of devices offering better management of them. In addition to having manual tuning, the digital device includes an independent auto-tuning mode for each loop, which allows it to be affordable to a greater number of users, all this making use of a PSoC5LP.

   

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Title: Quantitative assessment of yield strength of carbon and low-alloy steels by structure parameters
Author (s): Amangeldy Kanayev and Duman Orynbekov

Abstract:

Based on the analysis of literature data and our own experimental studies, the contribution of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength of carbon, wheel and low-alloy steels has been quantified. It is established that for normalized steel (St5ps) the greatest contribution to the yield strength is made by hard-solution and grain boundary hardening (37.0 % and 28.0 %), and for low-alloy steel 16G2AF, along with these hardening components, the role of dispersion hardening (21.4 %) is noticeable. It is shown that thermomechanical treatment of St.5ps steel leads to the growth of dislocation hardening up to 27.6 % due to the growth of dislocation density and preservation of most dislocations in the rolled products at accelerated cooling of hot-deformed austenite. In wheel steels heat-treated using conventional technology (intermittent hardening and tempering), grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening (31.5; 23.4%, respectively) make a major contribution to the yield strength. In the same steel, which is treated with surface plasma hardening, the share of grain boundary hardening in the total yield strength increases significantly (54.7%) due to strong structure refinement.

   

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Title: Pressure and pressure derivative analysis with inter-reservoir cross flow rate between adjacent reservoir layers
Author (s): Freddy H. Escobar, Daniel Suescún-Díaz and José Miguel Galindo

Abstract:

An appropriate characterization of a two-layer interconnected system is of vital importance for reservoir appraisal and administration. In this work, the TDS Technique is used for the interpretation of transient pressure test of a two-layer system separated by a low-permeable stratum so its specific permeability and the permeability of the adjacent layer can be estimated. The new developed expressions were applied to one synthetic example when the flow capacity of layer 1 is higher than layer 2. Another simulated example was devoted to the inverted flow capacity case. The average absolute deviation errors for specific permeability is lower than 1.2 % and for layer 2 permeability is lower than 0.1 % demonstrating the accuracy and convenience of the methodology.

   

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Title: A simulative comparison of BB84 with B92 quantum cryptography protocol
Author (s): Hasanain Abdulhasan Alsreeh, Duaa Hakem Alabeedy and Saif Uldun Mostfa Kamal

Abstract:

Quantum cryptography is a novel technology in which two parties can secure network communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. In this research, a comparison between BB84 and B92 protocols will be explained. The simulation results indicate that the B92 protocol is half efficient the BB84 protocol in the key rate produce with and without eavesdropping.

   

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