A geotechnical investigation of cavity and settlement has been conducted at Besraya Highway, Jln Kuchai Lama due to pipe jacking works to determine subsurface condition at the proposed site and to identify the causes of settlement. In this research study, JKR Probe test and Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) method were applied in order to achieve the objectives. Analyses of the settlement problem also were carried out based on soil parameters obtained from JKR Probe data using Two-Dimensional (2-D) finite element method (FEM) analyses with PLAXIS Finite Element Code. Based on JKR Probe test results, it is found that the soil layer is loose to medium dense for middle of line. While for line 1, the soil was found in fully saturated condition since there is an evidence of water pocket when the rod was pulled out from the ground. For ERI results, the soil layer was found very weak with presence of saturated condition. Besides that, there is an appearance of water pocket based on images of ERI resulting formation of cavities and voids which beneath the existing pavement structure. From the geo forensic stimulation, the development of excess pore water pressure and seepage in the loose unconsolidated deposit provide additional volume change to the material, causing excessive settlement. The results indicated that the groundwater seepage and dissipation is the main problem to the ground settlement issue with the contribution of pipe jacking work. Therefore, a mitigation step is a need in order to stop the major failure occur due to excessive settlement.

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Factories used palm oil solid waste in empty bunches, shells, and fiber (coir) as boiler fuel. The combustion process in this boiler produces by-products in the form of fly ash and bottom ash. Oil palm fly ash and bottom ash content were 37.98% (100 kg/week) and 64.36% (3-5 tons/week), respectively. After refluxing of fly ash, the SiO2 content of 96.8% is used to synthesize ZSM-5. The synthesis was carried out with the aging variation of 6, 12, and 24 h, and without aging time at the temperature of 60 0C. The hydrothermal was carried out at a temperature of 150 0C for 10 and 18 h. The results show an amorphous phase over 10 h hydrothermal, and ZSM-5 has formed over 18 h hydrothermal. ZSM-5 was formed and sodalite phase without aging time for 18 h hydrothermal. Analcime and sodalite formed for 6 h aging time. ZSM-5, analcime, faujasite, and sodalite formed over 12 and 24 h aging time. With a longer time of aging, the analcime phase dominated. It caused the metastable MFI structure to open to transform into alumina-rich structures. The morphology of ZSM-5 synthesized with hydrothermal 18 h with 6 h of aging is spheric and trapezohedron.

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Drilling a well is a cost intangible, because a well costs millions of dollars, so the more dollars that is spent in a well, the more oil and gas has to be produced over the life of a well. If costs are not accurate, the economics change after a well has been drilled, as a result, the estimated costs are risked i.e. a success factor is placed on the well. The lower the factor, the lower the chance of success and an estimated cost can change the risk profit of any well. These days the improvement of drilling technology is so challenging, however most of the wells drilled in around the world directional wells are. For effortlessness, a directional well is one that is not vertically drilled purposefully or inadvertently. As drilling activity expands more and more places are becoming inaccessible hence the need for directional drilling. It is essential to comprehend the requirement for directional wells, as well as planning and execution. The idea of directional drilling has changed the way wherein wells are drilled everywhere today, from simple deviated wells to horizontals and multilateral wells; the wells made an unavailable areas accessible while increasing the area for drainage by each well drilled, with the wide application of such methods in the world. This paper represents an overview for directional wells with emphasis of the application using real field data, a case study from Poland related to J-shape, S-shape drilling profile .Moreover, directional and horizontal drilling provides more access to the oil reservoirs, thereafter more oil will be produced over vertical wells.

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Efficient and rational use of ash and slag waste from a thermal power plant for the production of building binders is primarily determined by their quality properties, as well as the technology used and its optimal parameters. This article is devoted to solving these issues. The results obtained showed that ash and slag from the TPP of SSGPO JSC (Rudny, Kazakhstan) are effective materials for obtaining slowly hardening and cement-containing binders from them, used for the construction of the bases of road pavements. To study the physical and mechanical properties of binders, samples of 10x10x10 cm were made, hardened for 28 days under normal conditions. It has been established that the cement-ash-and-slag binder with the addition of 20 to 50% ash and slag has an activity of 25-37 MPa, and in terms of efficiency, as a binder, it surpasses the slowly hardening ash-and-slag binder. On the basis of a cement-ash and slag binder, it is possible to make a concrete mixture for the construction of the bases of road pavements of any category (the ratio between SHGPS: TsZShV can be 1: 5; 1: 4; 1: 3; 1: 2; and 1: 1). In this case, the strength of the bases can vary from 2.8 ... 14 MPa (for a mixture of 1: 5 composition) to 9 ... 17 MPa (for a mixture of 1: 1 composition). To determine the optimal parameters of the developed technology for producing a cement - ash and slag binder, a methodical approach based on probabilistic-deterministic planning of the experiment was used. In accordance with the plan of the experiment, 16 laboratory experiments were carried out to obtain cement-ash-and-slag binders, for each of which the mobility of the cement-ash and slag test was determined. From the obtained binders of various compositions, samples-beams with a size of 4x4x16 cm were also made, which, after holding for 28 days under normal conditions, were tested for bending and compression. It has been established that the optimum technology indicators are achieved when the cement content in the ash-and-slag mixture is 50%, the mixing time of the dry mixture is 9 minutes, the water-binding ratio is 0.35, and the mixing time of the wet mixture is 5 minutes. At the same time, the binder of optimal composition has sufficient strength after 28 days of hardening, allows to reduce cement consumption and provides increased homogeneity and mobility of mixtures in dry and wet state, which facilitates technological processes for preparing hardening systems (bending strength - 4.7 MPa; compressive strength - 34.4 MPa and the mobility of the cement-ash and slag test is 4.5 cm).

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The designed hull form of the ship may influence the stability of the ship floating in the water. The existing equipment may affect the operational performance of the ship in which the height of the draft of the ship controls the floating ability and comfortable stability. The purpose of this research was to obtain the stability data from the traditional fishing boat models with various standard sizes according to the ratio of width/draft (D /B). An optimal design output was computed to meet the various criteria required for the design using computational software. The resulting comparison of trim (TF or TA) showed that the movement of the point of gravity is relatively small. This indicates that the influence of ship movement and external forces either from sea waves or wind has a high enough on changes in the center of gravity. Therefore the effect of using the (D/B) value ratio greatly determines the comfort and stability of the ship when operating to the fishing ground.

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Cocoa butter consist of stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and vitamin E. It can be used as additional ingredient or raw material for cosmetics formulation in emulsion form. One of the emulsion type that widely used as base for skincare product is water in oil (W/O) emulsion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of water concentration on the W/O emulsion and its stability based on cocoa butter for cosmetic raw material. W/O emulsion was made by mixing water phase in oil phase at temperature 700C until homogeneous for 1 hour then allowed to harden at room temperature. In this study the water concentration were varied 12%, 16%, 20%, 24%, 28% and 32%. The characterization carried out were physical appearance, hardness, homogeneity, droplet size, melting point, chemical functional group and sensory test. The study showed that water concentration affected W/O emulsion final product in parameter of texture, melting point and droplets size. The formulation with higher water content produce softer texture, lower melting point, lower hardness and increase droplets size. However, all formulation showed good homogeneity and stability for 5 weeks observation at room temperature. There was no significant change in color, aroma and consistency of physical appearance and there was no phase separation occurred. The absence of evolution in FTIR spectra also indicated that the W/O emulsion also chemically stable during the storage. Finally, the formulation assessment was done based on the sensory test where the formulation with water content 20% was the most preferred formulation with an average score of 6.61.

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In this document, the design of a photovoltaic solar energy installation was carried out in order to supply part of the electricity demand of the economy and administration building at the Surcolombiana University. Site choice and sizing was made based on available installable area. Subsequently, the generation projection was calculated by applying correction factors and meteorological data available at the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, comparing the generation with the demand of the economys building according to the consumption obtained from the network operator. To simulate the behavior of the projected system, three specialized software packages were used: Prospect from Solargis, System Advisor Model from NREL, and PVsyst from PVsyst SA. Finally, the installation and maintenance costs of the system are established, and the investment return point is found.

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Hybrid optimization is used to maximize the savings through reconfiguration, type-1 and type-2 distributed generators (DG) placement. The PSO and WOA are used for reconfiguration and DG placement respectively. The major objective for this algorithm is to maximize the economy by minimizing the loss, by including loss cost. The suggested algorithm is checked on two IEEE radial distribution system (RDS) which are IEEE 33 RDS and IEEE 69 radial distribution network. The installation cost and maintenance of DG is included in objective of hybrid optimization while installation of DG along with reconfiguration and without reconfiguration.

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In MANETs, development of an energy efficient routing protocol is essential. The cost of the network depends on the energy consumption of each mobile node. Overutilization of energy by a mobile node cannot contribute to the utility of the network as a whole. In order to optimize the utilization of energy at each node, we propose an Energy efficient Clustering using PSO and Fuzzy logic for Hybrid MANETs (EC-PFHM). It can minimize the energy consumption and increases the network lifetime. In our proposed approach, an energy efficient cluster head selection is performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO), where the nodes with high residual energy and connectivity are elected as cluster head (CH). Appropriate super cluster head (SCH) is selected by using fuzzy logic. By this the overall networks overhead is reduced and hence the QoS of the network is enhanced. The result obtained through NS-2 simulation shows that the proposed algorithm performs better than FQ-MP-OLSR and BPSO-TORA approaches in terms of reduced energy consumption, delay and increased throughput.

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In the present study, the performance of squeeze films between parallel elliptical plates lubricated by non-Newtonian couplestress ferrofluid has been investigated using transverse magnetic field. Based on the Shliomis' ferro-hydrodynamic model along with stroke micro-continuum theory the Reynolds expression was derived for engineering application. Furthermore, the solution for pressure distribution has been obtained in the analysis. Results shows that the non ferrofluid characterized the squeeze film operating with a higher standards of Langevin parameter and volume concentration of magnetic particles enhances the load capacity and maximize the squeeze time of the elliptical plate compared to Newtonian and non-ferrofluid case.

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The Indonesian state has abundant fertile land and is the main producer of various tropical agricultural products. One of the important agricultural commodities in Indonesia is rice. In planting rice, processing equipment such as tractors is needed. Tractor wheel fin is the most important part of a tractor for plowing fields. Damage to the tractor wheel fins due to the lack of ability of the tractor wheel fins to withstand loads and is caused by the age of the fins themselves. Previous research has made a bending tool that can also be used to form the fin wheel of a hand tractor with a hydraulic system, with one stage of the bending process, two embossing in the shape of a radius as reinforcement. Therefore, this study was conducted to see how the effect of embossing on the flexural strength and hardness of the tractor wheel fins using a variation of the triangular embossing model, the number of embossing 1, and the embossing height of 4, 5, 6 mm with carbon steel (St 42), plate thickness 3.8. mm. Based on the results of research conducted, the higher the embossing, the greater the resulting maximum load, where the maximum load is obtained by the tractor wheel fin with a triangular embossing model, and the embossing height of 6 mm, the bending stress is 147.143 N/mm2. The hardness test results of the tractor wheel fin with a triangular triangle model, height 6 has the greatest hardness, namely 171.43 HB.

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The underneath Upper Qishn clastic sediments, which they revealed in the Sharyoof oilfield has been perfectly investigated. The Upper Qishn clastic reservoir petrophysical properties such as the saturation and porosity were evaluated utilizing well logs data. The findings were used to assess the importance of the reservoir and hydrocarbon capacity. The Upper Qishn Clasty lithology has been estimated utilizing well logs, which they infer that the lithofacies of this interval is consist mainly of carbonate, sandstone, and low-shale intercalation. The wireline logging data had been carefully evaluated during the processing of the data; therefore, data quality was thought to be good. The findings from the porosity reservoir tested for six wells indicate an overall average porosity of 14.62% to 24.2%, while the relative permeability is 11.98% to 18.2%. Nevertheless, the water saturation of the reservoir varies from about 50 to 84.1%. Saturation of hydrocarbons, on the other hand, is in reverse relation to saturation of water. Based on the on these investigated outcomes, this reservoir interval been interpreted as an excellent reservoir with high median of efficient porosity reach to 20% and high hydrocarbon above 50 %. The Upper Qishn clastic reservoir demonstrates excellent potential of the reservoir, particularly the topmost reservoir component to be properly considered in upcoming oilfield development. In the Upper Qishn clastic reservoir, the hydrocarbon saturation map shows an ordinary distribution pattern, with an overall rise to the north - west, and east direction, as they decrease into southwestern wards.

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The purpose of the study is to simulate the combustion of coal dust in real combustion using artificial neural networks. The article discusses optical methods of flame diagnostics. The focus is on the secondary air supply. For unknown reasons, the pulverized coal in the boiler is not completely combusted. Incomplete combustion of coal impairs the efficiency of the boiler, that is, it worsens the combustion efficiency and leads to significant costs. The scientific novelty consists in the use of artificial neural networks in control algorithms, making it possible to simulate efficiently complex processes, in particular the process of burning coal dust. In the Matlab software environment, the results of the data collection with the separation output with different amplitudes are shown. The considered scheme takes into account the multi-input and multi-output nature of the combustion process. Using additional information, vector-based optical signals for the flame surface area and the loop length have proven the system tracking properties. As a result of the use of fast optical signals, the control speed of the object increases and stabilization of the output signals of the combustion process is achieved.

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The present invention relates to a water rocket launcher that is capable of arbitrarily adjusting the pressure inside the water rocket in addition to supplying water into the water rocket, the water rocket is configured to be inserted into the nozzle when the water rocket is mounted. The main aim of this project is to build a new water rocket launcher by using SLS machine which is to design a new water rocket launcher, to develop a water rocket launcher using SLS machine and to test a water rocket launcher. Solidwork software has been used to design the water rocket launcher. SLS is a method for the sintering and construction of powder-filled particles heated by a CO2 Laser Beam.

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The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of the core and loop (external) time constants on the delayed-neutron precursors in fluid-fueled molten salt reactors (MSR). A 0-D mathematical model of neutron precursor concentration and neutron power without feedback effects is used for this analysis. For different time constants, we present the behavior of the precursors concentration, thermal power, and the external reactivity. According to the obtained results, we find that the external reactivity is small for large time constants in the core and in the external loop.

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Solar-powered and direct current energized households can be a smart choice in resorting to renewable energy. The cost of electricity continues to rise due to the rising cost of fuel used to generate electricity, depleting sources of fuel, and the adverse effect of some energy sources used to generate electricity. A survey on household's selected electrical parameters, development, and testing of a strategy of shifting and converting the lighting system of households from 220 volts alternating current (AC) to 12 volts direct current (DC), and solar was conducted. The results showed that the majority (53.85%) of the households' lighting system can be converted and the conversion strategy is technically feasible. The solar and DC lighting system also projected a savings of 326.70 pesos per month, with an estimated ROI of 27.6 % and a payback period of 3.62 years under the Philippine conditions. The shifting or conversion strategy showed excellent potential as an alternative lighting system not only for households but for other applications.

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Microelectronics Mechanical systems (MEMS) are the class of the miniature device that are fabricated based on micro machined process. These devices are having 100 to 1000 5m dimension in range. MEMS technology is a combination of Electronic function and Mechanical in structure also preferred in every segment of medical device function due to its flexibility and multidimensional in its nature. Most of the Miniaturized sensors and actuators used in the surgical applications gives a wide accuracy and efficiency. The Research proposal describes the functionality and performance of cantilever model micro gripper used in medical and surgical applications to measure the resonant frequency and its harmonic oscillations under different conditions of starian. Micro gripper based cantilever MEMS model is analyzed by selection of materials, device dimensions, process parameters modelling. Different test conditions of micro grippers Functionality and performance is evaluated.

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The main problem of cities in Indonesia is transportation, one of which is traffic. Motorized vehicle traffic that passes through a network affects the road's ability. Traffic flows and patterns of movement of urban residents are very diverse. Road handling is based on the high volume of vehicles, traffic density and the impact on the low speed. The decrease in vehicle speed results in optimal utilization of the road segment. The research was carried out in two data collections, the first was data collection in the densely populated area of Bogor city and in the potential area of Bogor district. Furthermore, in the buffer zone of the city and district borders for each selected location, 5 (five) locations were identified, at 1) intersection the three-arm signaled of the Salabenda in Kemang, 2) intersection the four-arm signaled of the Semplak in Semplak, 3) intersection the signalized the three arms of the Bubulak in Bubulak, 5) intersection the four-arm signaled of the POMAD in Ciluer and 5) intersection the four-arm signaled of the Ciawi in Ciawi. This study aims to obtain a strategic model of traffic engineering decision making in the transportation system. The technology criteria place a standardized and mutually supportive system for decision making. The real and supportive condition is technology. Experts agree that to model the strategic concept of traffic engineering in the transportation system is to focus on TECHNOLOGY criteria. Technology occupies the first level of 0.456%, so technology is a benchmark in the management of modern transportation that should be relied on. Technology both in terms of traffic engineering, APILL and geometric conditions as well as public transportation with the concept of multi-mode and mass public transportation as a substitute for public transportation that is no longer feasible to operate. The results of the pairwise comparison assessment of the five criteria above show that the value of the consistency ratio is 0.085, meaning that < 0.1, which is required by Saaty, has met. Where Saaty sets the Consystency Ratio (CR) value to be less than 0.1, so that the pairwise comparison calculation fulfills.

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Average reservoir pressure is a parameter of importance for design, assessment, evaluation, and exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. By excellence, pressure buildup tests are intended for obtaining a measurement of this property. Recently, drawdown tests have been shown to provide the average reservoir pressure by mathematical manipulations of pressure behavior and material balance equations. In this paper, an extension of the TDS Technique is used on drawdown tests for the determination of an expression to obtain an estimation of the average reservoir pressure for horizontal wells in homogeneous and anisotropic formations using an approximation of the pressure behavior in hydraulically-fractured vertical wells. The equation was successfully tested with synthetic examples.

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The Secure Hash Algorithm is best used in checking data integrity and authenticating digital media due to its fast hash calculating power. However, the SHA1 hashes are highly vulnerable to different attacks most especially collision attack because of the undersized hash length that compromises the integrity and confidentiality of data during transit. Presented in the current study is a new design to extend the hash size of SHA1 to secure a client-server communication through login authentication. Experimental results revealed that on five datasets that have collision in SHA1, none of them collided using the enhanced SHA1. Furthermore, the enhanced SHA1 is more resistant to brute force attack over the original SHA1 in terms of cracking time which is estimated to be sexagintillion years on a standard desktop PC. The results also presented that the produced hash codes of the enhanced SHA1 were resistant against a rainbow table and dictionary attack. By increasing the hash value of SHA1 from 160-bits to 1280-bits using AND and XOR operators, this paper has shown that execution of the enhanced SHA1 in digesting the passwords in login authentication delivers a safe way in a web transaction particularly in web-based environment.

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