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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                            April 2019  |  Vol. 14  No. 8
   
Title: Behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete using basalt fibre in beam column joint under cyclic loading
Author (s): C. Sudha and Mohan G. S.
Abstract:

In this study, the effect of fibre reinforced concrete in exterior beam column joint with and without basalt fibre under cyclic loading. And the fibre used in this study is basalt fibre, which is more efficient than other fibres. Mechanical properties like compression, split tension, flexural and impact load test were carried out. Cumulative energy dissipation of all mixes was taken. High performance concrete of M60 grade used. Fibres are used in different percentage (0.75%, 1% and 1.25%) with the volume of concrete. Mechanical properties of the concrete were discussed and the behavior of beam column joint was studied under cyclic loading. To increase the energy absorption and load bearing capacity of the beam column joint ductile detailing is provided. With the load vs deflection, beam column joint curvature is made to find the load bearing capacity. Use fibre to the concrete will reduce the size of crack pattern during failure. The result shows that behavior of Beam column joint shows better performance. The studied properties are discussed and the fibre used shows the increase in strength with addition of different percentage of fibre respectively by cyclic loading.

   

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Title: Effect of green roof media depth on curve number calculation
Author (s): Isam Alyaseri
Abstract:

Green roofs are one of the green infrastructure techniques that can be an effective tool in storm water management. The curve number method can be used to estimate the volume of storm water runoff if the type and depth of the growth media are considered. For a study period of 25 months and 175 rainfall events, the curve number of planted model built-in-place green roof systems (BIPS) of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, and 20cm growth media depths were tested. Also, the curve number for a tray system of growth media (Green Roof Blocks™), and a conventional membrane roof were tested during the same period. The growth media consisted of 80% by volume arkalyte (expanded clay) and 20% by volume composted pine bark. In green roof systems containing 10 cm of growth media, curve number of 92 can be used for the BIPS and curve number 95 for the tray system.

   

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Title: Experimental study on the effect of nanoparticle addition on the pressure at the start of ignition, maximum pressure and timing of maximum pressure
Author (s): Hayder Abed Dhahad and Sinan Abdul-Ghafar Ali
Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the influence of nano-particles addition to a diesel fuel (DF) on the pressure at the start of ignition and at the maximum pressure. The nano-fuels that are made from blending aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or titanium oxide (TiO2), both (< 50nm particle diameter), with the diesel fuel. The investigation is conducted on a four-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke, and direct-injection diesel engine with a compression ratio of 15.5 and a displacement volume of 553 cm3, yielding a 3.7kW power at 1500 rpm, as obtained using a dynamometer. Four doses of each fuel type (25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) are prepared. The influence of nanoparticle addition is immensely evident at the start of ignition and at the maximum pressure. The results show that the cylinder pressure is improved considerably at the start of ignition and at the maximum pressure. It is found that the cylinder pressure reaches 46.7, 44.34 and 46.05 bar for pure DF, (DF+TiO2) and (DF+Al2O3) nano-fuels, respectively, at 25 ppm with full load. It is also found that the brake thermal efficiency increases from 18.9% for pure DF to 24.25% and 20.45% for (DF+TiO2) and (DF+Al2O3) nano-fuels, respectively, under the same conditions. The peak pressure for diesel fuel is 62 bar, which is shown to be increased to 63.2 bar for (DF+Al2O3); however, it is decreased to 60.4 bar for (DF+TiO2), at full load and 25 ppm.

   

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Title: Study on performance and emissions of SI engine fueled by different fuels
Author (s): Muneer Najee, Mohanad Aldhaidhawi and Oras Khudhair
Abstract:

In recent years, reducing the exhaust gas emissions of internal combustion engines yet maintaining the same engine performance has become one of the most important challenges for automotive companies. Using clean energy, such as alternative fuels, could offer a promising solution for reducing air pollution. In the current work, a comparative study was carried out on the engine performance and exhaust gas emissions of a one cylinder, four stroke spark ignition engine using gasoline, ethanol and LPG fuels. For this reason, a model was proposed. The results were collected at various engine speeds (1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm). It was found that there was a slight variation in engine performance, while there was a marked difference in exhaust gas emissions between gasoline and the other selected fuels.

   

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Title: Investigating compression behavior of Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) blocks with polypropylene sheet
Author (s): A. Arun Solomon and G. Hemalatha
Abstract:

Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) walls are widely used for construction of residential and commercial buildings. It has several advantages such as, improved structural performance, sound proofing, insect resistance, energy efficiency and speed of construction. A sandwich of concrete and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is termed as ICF wall, where EPS occupies the permanent position of wall to serve insulation and other benefits to the buildings. The objective of this work to investigate the compressive behavior of ICF blocks with various thickness of EPS sheet and polypropylene sheet (PP sheet) as a face sheet. Two different thickness of ICF are cast with 50 mm and 100 mm thick EPS with and without PP sheet as a face sheet. In addition to that two plain concrete samples are cast in order to compare the experimental results with ICF. Experiments are carried out in 100T capacity computerized Universal Testing Machine. Experimental results proved improved behavior of ICF blocks than plain concrete in terms of strength and nature of failure. Load-deflection, ductility ratio and variation of load and deflection are analyzed and presented.

   

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Title: Utilization of the organic and inorganic solid waste as acoustic material
Author (s): Dino Rimantho, Nur Hidayah Yulianti and Erlanda Augupta Pane
Abstract:

The problem of solid waste and noise faces problems that are quite complex and dilemmatic currently. Thus, it encourages concern for the environment to be very important, one of the improvements in this awareness can be realized with the use of materials derived from organic and inorganic waste. This research was conducted to describe the composite properties for sound-absorbing materials. The purpose of the study is to describe the absorption coefficient and reflection coefficient of the composite material. Two types of samples were made from the composition of wood powder, pulp, coconut fibre and Styrofoam combined with polyvinyl acetate adhesive, which was formed in cylinders with a diameter of 10 cm with a thickness of around 3 cm. Material testing is carried out in an accredited laboratory using the ASTM 423C method. The results show the absorption coefficient value for formulation A is about 0.59 and formulation B is about 0.82 which works at a frequency interval of 125-4000 Hz. Furthermore, these results are in accordance with the ISO 11654: 1997 (E) standard where the sound absorption coefficient of the acoustic material is a minimum of a = 0.15. The composites obtained in this study still need to be improved.

   

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Title: ANFIS based adaptive hysteresis controller for DSTATCOM
Author (s): Ganji Vivekananda and Koritala Chandra Sekhar
Abstract:

In this paper a distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed to compensate the reactive power and eliminates harmonics drawn from nonlinear load. The DSTATCOM control scheme is based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) integrated with LMS based synchronous detection method inst. The dc side voltage of the DSTATCOM is regulated with ANFIS controller. An adaptive hysteresis current controller based on ANFIS is implemented to obtain the switching pulses for inverter of the DSTATCOM. The performance of the proposed controller is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulated response of the control schemes are validated by simulation model of the system. The obtained result shows that proposed DSTATCOM has desired performance.

   

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Title: Design and performance test of OHMIC-assisted cocoa fermentation apparatus
Author (s): S. Supratomo, A. Laga, M. Tahir, A. A. Mochtar and S. Salengke
Abstract:

Cocoa is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world since it is traded globally at high volumes. Economic value of cocoa beans is based on its flavor quality which is mainly developed during fermentation. Therefore, it is of paramount important that cocoa fermentation is done correctly. The objectives of this study were to develop an ohmically heated and temperature controlled fermentation system for cocoa bean fermentation and to assess the degree of fermentation achieved. The experiment was conducted at three levels of temperature (40, 45, and 50oC) and 2 levels of fermentation duration (3 and 5 days). Results of this study indicate that cocoa beans can be heated rapidly to the desired fermentation temperature using OHMIC heating. Electrical conductivity of cocoa beans is moderate and it increased linearly with temperature. The conductivity also increased as fermentation progressed since more acids were produced. The degrees of fermentation achieved were high even at relatively short fermentation duration. Therefore, the overall results suggest that cocoa fermentation can be shorten to three days with good degree of fermentation by using OHMIC heating.

   

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Title: Influence of polymer and Aged binder on the physical and rheological properties
Author (s): Rana Amir Yousif, Ratnasamy Muniandy, Salihudin Hassim and Fauzan Jakarni
Abstract:

This research paper presents laboratory investigation on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt binder modified with Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and Aged binder in different duration. Six different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% by weight of base asphalt) of Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was selected to blend with 80/100 penetration grade asphalt binder. six aging duration (0 min, 45 min, 85 min, 125 min, 165 min and 205 min) by using 80/100 penetration grade asphalt binder with rolling thin film oven were selected to prepare the aged binders. The EVA modified asphalt binders as well as Aged binders was subjected to short term aging process by means of Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) in order to investigate the influence of the addition of EVA and aged binder in the asphalt binder properties after aging. Bituminous binder properties were investigated by both physical and rheological methods. In general, the physical test results demonstrated prominent increment in softening point; viscosity and decrement in penetration for both EVA modified asphalt binders and aged binders as compared to non-modified and non-aged binder. This study adopts a time sweep (TS) test method to study the fatigue phenomenon under control strain mode using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Fatigue life of asphalt binder is defined using the traditional approach based on number of cycles required to cause to cause failure and reduction in stiffness. Temperature sweep test by using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) is used to predict the asphalt grade after aging and after adding Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA).

   

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Title: Static effects of modular structures made of containers
Author (s): Ondrej Miller, Vit Krivy, David Mikolaeek, Premysl Parenica and Richard Curin
Abstract:

When designing and static assessing of modular buildings, it is necessary to take into account some specificities and differences related to the static effect of the load carrying structure made of interconnected steel containers. The objective of container module manufacturers is to achieve a broad application of their products in building construction. The load carrying structure of containers used in building construction was created by modification of original containers used mainly in rail and ship transport. The necessary condition for the application of the products in building construction is to ensure the mechanical resistance and the stability of the supporting structure in accordance with requirements of the applicable standards. This paper therefore points to selected static problems associated with the use of containers when designing multi-storey modular buildings.

   

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Title: Determination of text relevancy based on keywords association for interactive news network
Author (s): S. M. F. D Syed Mustapha
Abstract:

News network is an initiative to allow the content of several news to be associated by the contextual information such as event, people and location. This information may use common and proper noun to describe the similar context of an object, such as “Washington D.C” and “the capital city” or “former president” and “Barrack Obama”. These words co-occur in various times such that they can be associated as keywords to describe certain context on the content of the news. In the literature, many approaches and techniques on the keywords extraction have been discussed but it is argued the lacking on keywords association based on the context of the text, particularly news. Associated keywords are used to “synonymize” the words that are related by the context of news rather than merely observing syntactical or synonymical values. From these words association, news network can be built from the news corpus such that news structure is a stratification that is based on its relevancy to the set of keywords. Named entity recognizer which is a known research area plays significant role in characterizing the relationship in the news network such that the relevancy between news are understood semantically. Event contains the essence of the news that is made up of the activities, actors who are involved in the activities, location and other non-living objects that made up part of the event, called signatures. The results demonstrate the formation of associated keywords based on the context and the building of the news network.

   

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Title: FPGA based implementation of QAM modulator using 64 values look up table (LUT)
Author (s): Amean S. Al-Safi, Liqaa D. Alhafadhi

Abstract:

This paper presents a new and an efficient method to implement Quadrature Amplitude Modulator (QAM) using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Two QAM modulators were implemented i.e. 4QAM and 16 QAM. The targeted board for the implementation is ZYBO board from XILINX and the used software is XILINX Vivado. The main important point in the paper is the use of quarter wave instead of full wave sinusoidal signal to generate the carrier signal. This process has saved the utilization resources by more than 50%. Saving this many resources will make a great impact on the future implantation of digital modulators since the implementation depends heavily on how the carrier signal got generated because it consumes most of utilization recourses. The paper used Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Descriptive Language (VHDL) without the help of high level simulation tools like DSP Builder Tools or XILINX System Generator.

   

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Title: Fractal dimension analysis of ICTAL EEG signal using box counting method
Author (s): Girish Kumar Chandrasekharan, Karunnya Sivathanu Biju and Anu Madhavan
Abstract:

Epilepsy is a state that results in the loss of consciousness of patients and is one of the major disorders that affect the brain. It is very dangerous and disturbs the day-to-day life of the patient. Currently, several traditional and advanced methods are used to detect the presence of epilepsy. Even though some of these methods are very accurate, they take more time to administer. Computational complexity increases as the number of channels increases. Thus, the researchers aim for automatic epilepsy detection and prediction. The method that is being presented here uses fractal properties, such as fractal dimension and lacunarity, to analyze the EEG signal and determine the epileptic signal. The proposed method utilizes the box counting algorithm for the calculation of the fractal dimension and the gliding box algorithm to obtain lacunarity. The parametric statistical test is used to test the reliability of the method, and by using this method, the epileptic signal is distinguished from the normal one with high accuracy.

   

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Title: Influence of flux composition on hydrogen content in aluminum melts
Author (s): Belyaev S. V., Baranov V. N., Deev V. B., Prusov E. S., Gubanov I. Y. and Partyko E. G.
Abstract:

The paper is aimed at evaluating the quality and performance characteristics of industrial fluxes, which are intended for refining processing of aluminum melts and used in production conditions of RUSAL JSC (Russian Federation). The results of the work were obtained using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyzes, as well as standardized procedures for determining the hydrogen content in metallic melts. It is shown that fluxes containing crystalline hydrates and hygroscopic water can be a source of saturation of aluminum melt with dissolved hydrogen. The mechanism of dehydration of crystalline hydrates in the composition of fluxes is given. According to the results of the research, technical solutions aimed at reducing hydrogen saturation of aluminum melt during flux processing are proposed.

   

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Title: Reliable data aware SRAM cell using FinFET technology
Author (s): Sargunam T. G., C. M. R. Prabhu and A. K. Singh
Abstract:

The low power and high performance Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is the main constraint in modern VLSI systems. The SRAM cell power dissipation can be controlled to improve the system power, performance and reliability at a significant level. This research proposes a new technique of Reliable Data Aware (RDA) SRAM cell design using 14 nm FinFET technology to minimize the power dissipation, access delay for read and write operations and maximize the read stability. The proposed FinFET based SRAM design has been employed in RDA SRAM cell and the results analysis proved that the write power dissipation has reduced to 90.14% and read power is about 49.94% than the 6T cell. The read access time and stability of the suggested RDA cell have been improved.

   

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Title: Single-contour geodesic shells with quadrangle plates
Author (s): Lakhov A. Ya.
Abstract:

Geodesic domes are a kind of building structures for a breakdown of which are used geodesic lines. In this area, the researches of geometric models of geodesic domes of classical breakdown are conducted. Herewith plates predominantly of triangular and hexagonal shape are used. However, during the formation of shells, you can also use plates of quadrangular and pentagonal shape. The purpose of this research is developing of methods, algorithms and software for geodesic shells with quadrangular plates. To solve these problems were used methods of analytical geometry in space, nonlinear optimization and programming in the language GDL embedded in the ArchiCAD. As a result, a parametric ArchiCAD object was developed for single-contour geodesic shells with quadrangular plates. This parametric object can be used by architectural and construction design of unique buildings.

   

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Title: Implementation of an intelligent temperature to voltage converter using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Author (s): Shyam C. V., Aravind R. Menon and Naveen Kumar V.
Abstract:

Thermistor is a very widely used sensor especially for temperature measurement because of its fast response to small temperature changes. The high sensitivity of the thermistor leads to a non-linear behaviour which can give rise to various difficulties such as on-chip integration, direct digital display, wireless capability and so on. So, there arises a requirement for an efficient linearizer to overcome this difficulty. The thermistor is connected to an op-amp signal conditioning circuit (OSCC) which has a stable temperature-voltage relationship over the temperature range 0°C-100°C, but suffers with considerable non-linearity of ±12%. In this paper, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) is used to reduce the non-linearity of the thermistor OSCC. The linearity error is reduced to below ±2% using the proposed methodology and thus making the system suitable to be utilized efficiently for practical applications.

   

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Title: Study of iron stripping from DEHPA solutions during the process of rare earth metals extraction from phosphoric acid
Author (s): Cheremisina O. V., Sergeev V. V., Fedorov A. T., Alferova D. A. and Lukyantseva E. S.
Abstract:

During the processing of apatite concentrate, the distribution of REM in solutions of phosphoric acid (15-20%) and solid industrial waste - phosphogypsum (85-80%) occurs. Therein the larger half of more valuable heavy subgroup of REM, including Y, Yb, Er and Dy compounds, are dissolved in the phosphoric acid solutions. Complex composition of the apatite concentrate processing products and low concentration of heavy REM subgroup relatively to metal impurities and light REM inhibits REM extraction and separation process, and, probable, is responsible for low extractant capacity for individual compounds of REM. Iron (3+) ions have a significant impact on rare-earth metals extraction process. This impact is caused by the competitive participation of these ions in the extraction process, which, with account of their much higher concentration in EPA solutions, compared with rare-earth ions, leads to decrease in the extractant capacity for REM. Therefore, the study of the purification of the extract from iron ions (3+) is a relevant problem.

   

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Title: Distinct detonations of differential operators with imperfect potential on the pragmatic focus
Author (s): Torshina O. A. and Smirnova L. V.
Abstract:

Mathematical modeling of tasks with the location of their operators’ meanings constitutes a considerable interest in connection with the wide field of application of boundary, initial - boundary and spectral problems in science and technology. For example, hydro dynamical sustainability theory’s problems, problems of electrical oscillations in long-distance power lines, seismic prospecting, problems of the non - destructive testing, image processing, identification of composite materials, etc. Addressing the broad spectrum of these challenges, including the location of operators’ meanings with complex entry of spectral parameters, means, generally, the presence of asymptotic equations that really complicates achieving results. The theorem of cumulative helps to circumvent the difficulties in a case of a review of differential operators with imperfect potential on the pragmatic focus.

   

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Title: Towards a framework for smart city wireless communication: Conclusions drawn from smart transport case study
Author (s): Fatima Hanani, Aziz Soulhi and Rabiae Saidi
Abstract:

The efficiency and reliability of any smart transport initiative is highly dependent on those of the underlying communication sub-system used for transfer and exchange of traffic related data. However, most of the literature on smart transport proposes communication solutions for specific ITS applications, without addressing communication issues in a comprehensive way. To fill the gap we propose in this paper, a referential framework to design a communication sub-system for any ITS initiative whatever the application. This framework groups together seven main communication sub-system characteristics: deployment zone, density of sensors, type of sensors, communication type, communication method, network architecture and wireless technology. The objective is, on one hand to identify the relationship between these different characteristics as well as to assess the degree of influence on each other, and to allow city managers understand technical and technological issues related to the connectivity domain when enabling any smart city initiative on the other.

   

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Title: Increasing transverse stability of multi-purpose tractor-transport trains by the use of a traction-coupling device changing kinematic movement parameters
Author (s): Pavel Gamaunov, Alekxey Gamaunov and Sergey Istomin
Abstract:

Transport work is an integral part of technological processes for cultivating agricultural crops. They require significant energy and labor costs. Statistics show that the share of costs for transportation of goods in agriculture is 25-40% of the total costs of manufactured products, while the share of tractor in-farm shipments reaches 60%. Significant interest in improving transport operations is the use of multi-link tractor-transport trains with two or more trailers. At the same time, several indicators improve at once: 1. The coefficient of utilization of the machine and tractor fleet and the productivity of the tractor are increasing; 2. Improves the mode of operation and loading the engine; 3. The overall impact on the soil is reduced by distributing the load along the axes. The carrying capacity and speed of tractor-transport trains are often limited not by engine power, but as studies have shown insufficient towing capacity, low ride smoothness, stability and braking qualities of multi-link tractor-transport trains. It should also be noted that common tractor trailers have a smaller margin of transverse stability compared to tractors, since they have a larger mass, a higher center of gravity and a significant roll of the cargo platform. In this regard, the work, which is aimed at increasing the lateral stability of the tractor-transport train, is relevant and of great importance. The article deals with the increase of lateral stability of multi-link tractor-transport trains due to the use of a traction-coupling device that changes the kinematic parameters of train movement. The theoretical substantiation of the possibility of increasing the stability of a multi-link tractor transport train is provided by using a traction-coupling device. The mathematical model of the movement of a multi-link tractor train with a towing and towing device on a turn, takes into account the influence of tire characteristics, road background and changes in the kinematic parameters of the train. The developed design of the active traction and towing device, which allows changing the kinematic parameters of the tractor-transport train movement, is substantiated and its effect on performance indicators is established.

   

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Title: A novel algorithm for improve handover decision in heterogeneous wireless networks
Author (s): Ahmed Shakir Al-Hiti
Abstract:

Sending a huge amount of information among various network position through the network links based on the networks traffic capability and data rate. Usually, a mobile device may be mobility to realize the processes of vertical handover. The utilize of a single standard may reason service intermission, an unstable network pregnancy and an inactive vertical handover. In this paper, it proposed a novel algorithm to improve vertical handover decision based on use decision trees to classify handover and effectiveness, correction rate among them. The algorithm consists of two technology interfaces: Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE). It also proposed a new mechanisms based on different prioritizations to support handover decision. The simulation results show which the three kinds of decision systems better than the traditional network decision system whence handover number probability and the handover failure probability. Furthermore, it is observed which the network priority handover decision system makes better findings compared to the equal priority and the mobile priority handover decision system. Lastly, the simulation findings are validated over the investigative model.

   

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Title: Design and implementation of internet of things (IOT) based localization system for library book using FPGA
Author (s): Muataz H. Salih and Cherlyn Tan Li Kuan
Abstract:

Smart buildings became a significant demand for smart cities and industry 4.0 era. Current libraries are suffering from misplacement books that almost considered lost. A manual search conduct by librarian to overcome this problem and it consumes much time and work. An FPGA-IoT based localization system is designed with RFID technology as a detection source. Proposed localization system comes with an aim of replacing the traditional barcode system and emerge a technology breakthrough of fusing the physical and digital world. A localization mechanism and check-in/out mechanism built based on the data from RFID readers and tags. The misplacement of books detected and the original location of the books displayed in terms of shelves and rows. Emerging with IoT, communication between the multiple shelves and communication between android application and users is built to enable high availability and accessibility of books for both management and user. The proposed design achieved high operating frequency (1.6GHz) and optimized on chip resources logic elements such as MegaCores, FSM and 2-Port RAM. The proposed design seeks to provide dynamic reconfigurable platform with the knowledge and tools needed to improve in today's academic, research and industry environment.

   

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