In the current decades, photovoltaic power generation has become more important. To enhance the energy efficiency, it is always important to work the photovoltaic (PV) system at its maximum power point, thus the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) strategy is used. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a system based on a photovoltaic (PV) module using a single-diode model of a solar cell, and to present a comparative analysis between constant duty cycle, the conventional Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, and the proposed P&O method using a PI controller for extracting the maximum power from the PV array. These methods are implemented using a Buck converter.

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Data summarization in unrealistic or uncertain data streams is a basic concept in relational data sources. For outstanding data summarization on uncertain data stream evaluation with jumps of data streams environments. Traditionally single attribute summarization approach was introduced to define related instances to construct Uncertain One Class Classifier to summarize class instances perfectively. This framework kernel density based method to generate possible score to obtain each attribute with feasible data maintenance; UOCC also provides support vector machine (SVM) representation to summarization concept based on user’s preferences and user’s requirement in stored data source. It was generated possible score based on data instances. It is failed to support data exploration based on data attributes (characteristics) to utilize data instances with cluster relational data sets. So, we propose to develop Multi Attribute Grouping Method (MAGM) to define data summarization and portioned attribute selection for data exploration in uncertain data streams. MAGM defines a matrix to construct unidentified records into cluster in uncertain reliable data streams with attribute partitioning and feature selection. Our experimental results show effective data summarization with uniform user’s data exploration with their search histories from uncertain data streams with respect to time and other feature factors.

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Van't Hoff equation parameters for calculating the boiling point rise elevation is limited for dilute solution, the objective of this research therefore was to study the estimation of Van't Hoff parameter for concentrated solution. Experiments were carried out using various salt which has different valence at various molality. The result showed that the parameter values were influenced by strength of acidity or basicity of of the salt formed as well as the solution molality. The salt formed from a strong acid with a strong base affects the P parameter but the salt formed from a weak acid with a weak base does not affect the parameter P. The error level of equation P = a + m / b for all type of salt at different molality were insignificance. The smallest error of salt is FeSO4 5.7% and the biggest of salt error is Al2(SO4)3 13.76%.

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Heat storages are essential elements of renewable solar energy systems as well as conventional industry applications. Their performance and cost are detrimental to the concerned systems. Carbon foam material excels as heat storage medium due to its high thermal conductivity coupled with its high heat capacity, and light weight, allowing design of smaller, more efficient, cheaper, and lighter heat storages. To optimize the design of small sized carbon foam heat storage, ANOVA analysis was employed to determine significances of heat transfer controlling factors such as pore size, porosity, length and diameter of the bed, and mass flow rate of charging hot air. Also, Surface Response Method was employed to construct a statistical model that describes the energy/volume as a function of the above parameters. The model employs one-dimensional continuity, momentum and energy equations to simulate the heat transfer process within a volume of carbon foam material with pore diameter of 0.003 m, and porosity (e) ranging from 0.08 to 0.385. The investigation shows that coefficient of determination (R2)=0.84 of the statistical model. With ambient and charging temperatures of 25ºC and 85ºC, bed length of 0.4 m, bed diameter of 0.1 m, mass flow rate per area of 0.25 kg/sm¬2, and e of 0.19, the maximum heat energy/volume (82000kj/m3) is achieved at about 1.3 hours of charging time. At mass flow rate per area of 0.125 kg/sm¬2 and e of 0.175 the maximum energy stored is achieved at about 1.7 hours of charging time.

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The importance of wide band nulling arise from the fact that the array pattern is frequency dependent and the direction of arrival of the undesired signal is not always located exactly. The proposed method for wide band nulling is based on the minimax approximation. The algorithm depends on finding a set of new phases to reject a wide sector in the side lobe while not seriously affecting the other pattern characteristics. The method combines the advantages of the phase only techniques and the flexibility of the minimax algorithm. The phase-only nulling can provide the pattern synthesis at lower cost while the Minimax provides the designer with the ability to control the null depth and the side lobe level to obtain an acceptable signal to interference noise ratio. The method is tested for both linear and planar arrays and is proved to be effective for any initial pattern. The disadvantage of this method is that it is not capable of obtaining two nulls symmetrically distributed around the main beam which is not considered to be a common practical case.

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The present study investigates the coefficient of friction and generated electro-static charge during sliding of foot socks against indoor flooring tiles. The static coefficient of friction of different textile materials rubbing on different flooring materials under dry sliding was investigated. Floor tiles of ceramics, flagstone, parquet, parquet ceramics, marble, porcelain and rubber were tested as flooring materials. The experimental results showed that, there is an increasing demand to establish codes for the generated electro-static charge during the sliding friction on floor surface. Rubber floor showed the highest friction, while marble produced the lowest values. Porcelain generated the highest electrostatic charge followed by ceramic, rubber, flagstone, parquet, parquet ceramic and marble. When mixing polyamide textiles of positive charge with Lycra textiles of relatively negative charge, the generated electro-static charge during rubbing decreased. It recommends further experiments to set the flooring materials on the triboelectric series chart aiming at setting proper selection guidelines to avoid generation of excessive electro-static charges on the rubbing flooring systems.

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Hydrogeochemistry and quality assessment of shallow groundwater was carried out at Igbokoda coastal area, Southwestern Nigeria to ascertain its potability and suitability for agriculture. Twenty groundwater samples collected from the area were analyzed for cations and anions employing the Buck Scientific Model 210VGP Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and colorimetric method respectively. Temp (°C), pH and EC (µS.cm) were measured in-situ using multiparameter portable meter. Sodium absorption ratio, residual sodium bi-carbonate, permeability index, magnesium absorption ratio and Kelly ratio were estimated from the chemical data. Piper diagram, Principal component and correlation analyses were employed to reveal the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the shallow groundwater. The abundance of the major ions was; Na+>Ca2+>K+>Mg2+ and Cl¯> SO42¯>HCO3¯ >NO3-. The major hydrochemical facieses were Na-Cl, Ca-Cl and mixed Ca–Mg–Cl types while precipitation and rock-water interaction constitute the major processes controlling the groundwater chemistry. All ionic concentrations were within approved standards for drinking water. However, 85% of the groundwater samples tested positive to e-coli counts. Evaluated irrigation parameters r showed that the groundwater has a low to medium salinity hazard, low alkalinity hazard, magnesium absorption ratio, sodicity and Kelly ratio. This study revealed a non potable groundwater system that is suitable for agriculture.

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Electrochromic films based on nickel hydroxide have been deposited from Ni(NO3)2 solution employing cathodic template synthesis. Polyvinyl alcohol has been used as a template. The influence of deposition time (10, 20, 40 and 80 min) on electrochromic and electrochemical properties of the film had been studied. By means of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy it was determined that prepared films are uniform, its morphology is independent of substrate morphology, surface bumps are 30-100 nm in diameter and their height is below 180 nm. By mean of X-ray diffraction analysis established that film consists of highly defective a-Ni(OH)2 with low crystallinity. Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of films prepared at different deposition times have been studied by means of cyclic voltammetry with simultaneous recording of bleaching-coloration curves. Analysis of bleaching-coloration curves has revealed high reversibility of the process. It was also discovered that in series of deposition times 10 - 20 - 40 - 80 min, the average coloration degree was 0.3 - 0.5 - 0.65 - 0.75, which corresponds to 70% - 31% - 17% increase in coloration degree. As such, the optimal deposition time for nickel hydroxide films at a current density of 0.625 mA/cm2 is 40 - 80 min (film thickness 2.58 - 5.16 µm).

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The number of applications that are using ad-hoc interface is increasing continuously. This effect in diverse quality requirements such as delay, bandwidth, jitter, and reliability. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) allows two hosts to establish a connection and switch streams of data. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless protocol that is used mainly for low-latency applications. In-Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) we can transmit several data streams between two endpoints when a network connection established at the same time. Due to the various constraints such as mobility, flexibility, and reliability, TCP and UDP don't perform well in ad hoc networks. This paper gives the performance evaluation of TCP, UDP, and SCTP regarding various quality metrics using ns2. Simulation results prove that SCTP performs better than TCP and UDP regarding throughput, jitter, loss rate, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay in ad hoc networks.

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Acoustic-based source localization is being widely developed in target localization due to its advantages, compared to visual-based localization. There are several techniques for acoustic source localization, including time difference of arrival and beam forming. Methods related to those two techniques are GCC-PHAT and SRP-PHAT. GCC-PHAT is related to time difference of arrival, while SRP-PHAT is related to beam forming. In this paper, a comparison of GCC-PHAT and SRP-PHAT methods for acoustic source localization is introduced in order to determine the accuracy and response in speed for acoustic source localization applications. The results obtained from several experiments shows the performance comparison in terms of accuracies and computational times between the two approaches.

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Zigbee protocol is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard which supports low rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN). For efficient data transfer and for improved network coverage, Zigbee mostly uses Ad Hoc on Demand Routing protocol called AODV as it is a simple and most efficient. This paper emphasizes on the impact of transmitting power on various performance metrics associated with the Zigbee network such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Network Throughput and the number of hops. Authors have used TRUE TIME 2.0, a Simulink-based simulator which supports both wired and wireless protocols such as WLAN and IEEE 802.15.4 standard based Zigbee. Based on the simulation done, it can be established that the network throughput rises to a certain range with the increase in transmission power. Packet Delivery Ratio increases with the increase in transmission power due to reduced data packets collision. It can also be witnessed that the number of hops needed to establish the path between source node and the destination node decreases with the increase in transmission power. Authors have also introduced one more parameter called Hello Interval (HI), associated with the AODV protocol and presented the effect of transmission power on it. Authors have incorporated the concept of energy dissipation taking place at each node while transmission and reception of data message. This could be very useful in prolonging the lifetime of the network.

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This study established a kinetic model for predicting biogas production using a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) digesting cattle manure under varying Organic Loading Rate (OLR) at Thermophilic Temperature (TT) of . The daily reactor loading was commenced at an OLR of 1.0 g.oTS/L.d. This (OLR) was increased fortnightly by 0.5 g.oTS /L.dtill an OLR of 5.0 g.oTS /L.dwas attained. At this point, the biogas and methane yields were no longer commensurate with the feeding and the reactor was adjudged failing. The volume of biogas produced was measured and analysed for CH4, CO2, H2S and CO using an Infrared gas detector (PRONOVA). The experiment was run continuously for about 140 days. The biogas yields corresponding to OLR of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 g.oTS /L.dwere 0.420, 0.370, 0.420, 0.450, 0.430, 0.430, 0.400, 0.380 and 0.360 L/goS respectively. The highest biogas yields of 0.45 L/goS was recorded at an OLR of 2.5 goTS/l.d. The average methane content was 57%. The kinetic model developed related biogas yield with OLR and could be used to dimension CSTR experiment digesting animal manure.

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Many deposits contain heavy oils that exhibit power-law non-Newtonian behavior and sometimes require the injection of another non-Newtonian fluid creating a composite system. Running pressure tests in these cases must be adequately interpreted for an accurate reservoir characterization. Application of conventional analysis would be long and tedious since it uses a Cartesian graph for each zone of the composite system and along with type-curve matching would be useless in determining the well drainage area. TDS technique, which can be applied separately to each region, is extended to allow the integrated interpretation of the two non-Newtonian zones and obtaining permeability, skin factor (introducing the concepts of viscoplastic and viscodilatant skin factors), distance to interface between the two zones and well drainage area. The proposed methodology was successfully verified by its application to a real case and a synthetic one.

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Present days, large amount information stored in data sources, which is formally increased based on Knowledge Discovery from different data ware houses. To acquire required and useful data from data sources, some of the techniques, methods and some of developed tools to combine huge amount of data sets. This procedure gives demand to implement novel research field in data mining. The main aim of data mining is to extract required information from huge amount data and change them into meaningful for further use in data retrieval. Classification and Clustering is the main data mining approaches to classify and combine categorical data in a large set of data into required group set of class labels. So in this paper we provide comprehensive analysis of different classification and clustering methods in data mining to efficient data retrieval, which includes neural networks, Bayesian networks and decision trees. We also provide survey on some of semi supervised and supervised outlier detection techniques for categorical data on unlabeled data sets under large instances in data sets with required instances in real time synthetic data. We bring out the keys aspects of different outlier and data mining approaches to data exploration.

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Galvanic sludge was treated in a direct current transfer arc low thermal plasma. The raw sludge obtained from KISWIRE Sdn Bhd was subjected to different operating temperatures (between 1050oC and 1670oC) in a short residence time of 5 and 7minutes. Treated galvanic sludge at5 minutes residence time and 1670oC (195A) attained an optimum of 84.83% mass reduction and 91.65% volume reduction, was reached, while at 7 minutes residence time an optimum of 88.35% at 1670oCof mass reduction, and 92.10%at 1546oCof volume reduction were also achieved .The non- homogeneity of the sludge and non-uniformity of the intensity of plasma generated lead to lower values of volume reduction in some instances. The average composition of gaseous product majorly constitutes of 90.063 mol % carbon monoxide (CO) but also there are the presence other gases (CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, NO2, SO2, NH3) in lower concentrations. Aluminium, cadmium, chromium and nickel in galvanic sludge were completely eliminated and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reduction of 98.11% was achieved.

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Recent increment in the utilization of video-based applications has unveiled the requirement for extracting the substance in videos. Street crime is expanding as of late, which has requested more solid and smart open conservative framework. Raw information and low-level elements alone are not adequate to satisfy the client's needs that is, a more profound comprehension of the substance at the semantic level is needed. Manual procedures, which are wasteful, subjective and expensive in time and limit the questioning abilities, are being utilized to bridge the gap between lower-level delegate components and higher-level semantic substance. It is fundamental to portion the video information into important pieces as image frame using image processing. To recognize important video data as useful big data, it is necessary to associate information from every methodology. In order to achieve this, Video Semantic Substance Extraction Framework was initiated to extract the objects, events and ideas consequently from videos through the previously mentioned procedure. With video analytics it is possible to track movement, size, speed, shape and directions of objects. In this video semantic substance model fuzzy rule based procedures are used to accomplish preferable outcome.

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The extraction of cerium (III) and yttrium (III) was studied by oleic acid from nitrate, chloride and sulfate media. The anion series is selected according to the increase in the "chemical hardness" of the inorganic ligand anion by Pearson. It's shown that when passing from a nitrate medium to a chloride and a sulfate one, the hydrogen index of the semiextraction (pH1/2) increases from 4.2 to 4.65 for cerium (III) and from 4.7 to 5.12 for yttrium (III). Unassociated complexes are formed in the organic phase with the general formula . The extraction at the stoichiometric consumption of the extractant proceeds according to the equation: . An increase in the “chemical hardness” of the anion-ligand leads to a decrease in the equilibrium constant, to the growth of the effective Gibbs energy of the formation of rare-earth metal oleates, and to a decrease in recovery into the extract. The hard ligand has a stronger effect on the extraction of the hard rare-earth metal cation as the Pearson base, i.e., in this case yttrium (III). An increase in the concentration of the anion-ligand leads to a suppression of the extraction of the “hard” yttrium cation, ?onsequently, to an increase in the cerium and yttrium separation factor with oleic acid.

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The indices of power quality of the Multiple Output Switched Mode Power Supply (MOSMPS) implemented in personal computers are unacceptable by the power quality standards. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the source current is higher than 75%, the Power Factor (PF) at the input side is lesser than 0.6 and the voltage regulation at the output side is also poor thereby making the performance of the MOSMPS inefficient. The conventional MOSMPS does not meet the IEEE standard of Power Quality (PQ). In this paper, a zeta converter based Power Factor Correction (PFC) is proposed and implemented at the front end to improve the performance of SMPS and the PQ indices. The advantage of the proposed converter is that it mitigates the 100 Hz ripples at the output side of the converter which is fed as an input to the second stage converter. The best performance and efficiency of the proposed zeta converter is determined by analyzing the converter under three different modes of operation. The proposed Neural Network (NN) controlled zeta converter is modeled, designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The simulation results prove that %THD and PF at the input side meet the IEEE standard of power quality under fluctuating conditions.

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Predictive propagation models have been extensively employed in the prediction of radio signal coverage, interference analysis and determination of available TV white space for secondary users. Deployment of these predictive models in a different environment other than the one initially designed for has resulted in high prediction errors. Error bounds on the effectiveness of the models at predicting path loss for seven empirical path loss models is investigated for Ondo State in South West Nigeria. The models employed for the analysis are the Hata-Davison, Hata, CCIR, Cost 231, ECC33 and Okumura model and the free space path loss (FSPL) model. Measurements of the signal strengths in four major routes in the Ondo State that span through Urban, Suburban and Rural areas were conducted. The Ondo State Terrestrial TV station on channel 23 operating at 487.25 MHz in the UHF frequency band was employed for this investigation. The measurements were taken along the four routes of concern at some interval and the predicted path loss were then calculated using the five predictive models for the adopted routes and these were compared with the measured path loss. The result was used to calculate and analyse the error bound which was used to determine the mean error, predictive error, spread correlated mean square error, Spearman correlated error and the root mean square error for the adopted predictive models of the routes under consideration. Results from the investigation shows that none of the model gives an RMSE close to the acceptable range of 6-8 dB but the Hata-Davison has the closest value. Therefore, turning or optimizing Hata-Davison model would help in reducing the RMSE values within the acceptable range of 6-8 dB.

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The problems of grid structure for the numerical calculations are heavily discussed in computational fluid dynamics. In this research, the importance of the relationships between the grid structure and the flow parameters in convection-diffusion problems is emphasized. In particular, we propose a systematic technique in setting the grid number based on its relationship with low Peclet number. Such linear mathematical connection between the two non-dimensional parameters serves as a guideline for a more structured decision-making and improves the heuristic process in the determination of the computational domain grid for the numerical solution of convection-diffusion equations especially in the prediction of the concentration of the scalar. The results confirm the effectiveness of the new approach.

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Speech carries vast information about age, gender and the emotional state of the Speaker. Emotion Recognition is a difficult task of identifying a specific emotion from a speaker. In this work the effect of Discrete wavelet Transform (DWT), Cepstrum, Pitch and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are considered in the detection of emotions and later the samples are trained and tested for recognizing the specific emotion. The data base considered is Telugu-Data Base which is prompted by two speakers male and female which contains four emotions Happy, Angry, Sad and Neutral. Various combinations of features are performed to recognize the corresponding emotion and these features are referred as Emotion-specific features. By considering these features combination recognition rate is increased. Features DWT, Cepstrum, MFCC and Pitch are used to extract the feature information. After feature extraction classification is performed by back-propagation neural network algorithm and later the performance is evaluated.

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Prussian blue (PB) electrochromic (EC) thin films deposited on the FTO substrate 150,250 and 350 nm thickness, prepared by homemade spray pyrolysis technique. Thin films were irradiated by beta particles having energy 0.549 MeV from Sr-90 for half hour. Before and after irradiation, Structural, optical and electrical properties of the electrochromic thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry and Chronoamperometry traces (CA) respectively. After irradiation absorbance increases for (525- 750) nm wavelength, furthermore transmittance decrease for low wavelength. The bleaching voltage of PB thin films decreases after irradiation from -75 mV to +50mV, as well the bleaching time of PB thin films decreased from 69.07s to 48.98s and coloring time decreased from 28.07 s to 20.54 s.

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An experimental research was conducted to investigate the improvement in the engineering characteristics of a cohesive soil after being mixed with gradual increments of sand. To verify the above purpose, several laboratory tests were performed for both the original and mixed soils. These tests were classification, Atterberg limits, permeability, unconfined compression, and direct shear. The results of these tests showed that the values of liquid limit and plasticity index decreased with increasing the percentages of sand additives. Increasing of sand additives also showed an increase in the soils’ coefficient of permeability; however, with this parameter, the effect was marginal. Moreover, increasing these additives resulted in an increase in the soils’ angle of internal friction and a decrease in its cohesion; in general, for those parameters, the overall trend was increasing the soils’ shear strength with increasing sand additives. Out of the results of this research, it was concluded that mixing about 20% of sand material with a cohesive soil had a pronounced influence on the engineering characteristics of the original soil after being mixed, and therefore could enhance its overall engineering behavior.

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The main idea behind this work is to present the accident probability the traffic at non-signalized intersection of two cross roads using Fukui-Ishibashi (FI) model. A comparative study of FI and Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) models is presented. It is found in one hand, when vehicles distinguished only by their lengths, the car accidents start to occur above a critical density pc. Furthermore, the increase of the fraction of long vehicles (FL) delays the occurrence of car accidents (increasing pc) and increases the risk of collisions when p>pc. In other hand the plateau behavior in the fundamental diagram depend strongly to the fraction of long and short vehicles. In other side, the mixture of maximum velocities leads to the appearance of accidents at the intersection. Moreover, the decrease of the fraction of fast vehicles (Ff) increase the accident probability (Pac). Additionally, the influence of roads length was also studied. We found that the increase of the roads length, decrease the risk of collision. Comparing FI and NaSch models, it was found that the critical density and the accident probability are respectively smaller than NaSch ones. These results prove that FI model shows better results than NaSch in case of mixture lengths and velocities.

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This paper presents a study of the acoustic properties of the single layer kapok fiber @ Ceiba pentandra. The acoustic properties studied in this study are the sound absorption coefficient, a and the value of Transmission Loss, TL. Experimental measurement was conducted in Acoustics Lab, Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, UKM by using an impedance tube in accordance to ISO 10534-2 and ASTM E1050-98 standards. Two sets of diameter used in this experiment are 28 mm for high frequency and 100 mm for low frequency experiments. This study examines the effect of thickness and density of kapok fiber on sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss value. The tested sample has 3 different thicknesses of 20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm for both diameters but having the same density of 40 kg/m3. For different densities, the sample divided into 3 densities of 40 kg/m3, 50 kg/m3 and 60 kg/m3 with all the samples having a thickness of 20 mm. The experimental results of sound absorption coefficients for different thickness samples show an optimum sound absorption coefficient of 0.91 at 4250 Hz for all three thicknesses. Different density tests provide the optimum noise absorption coefficient at 4250 Hz for all thicknesses of 0.89, 0.91 and 0.86 for density 40 kg/m3, 50 kg/m3 and 60 kg/m3 respectively. For transmission loss, optimum loss happens at 5600 Hz frequency with a value of 17.5 dB, 25.8 dB and 34.5 dB for the thickness of 20 mm, 30 mm and 40 mm respectively. The results show that natural fibers of the kapok trees can produce some quality, value for sound absorption and can be used as an alternative material for use as sound absorbers. Furthermore, kapok natural fibers are widely available, safer for the environment and do not endanger to human.

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A new model for viscosity as a function of shear rate has been derived. This model contains three characteristics of fluid, which are zero-shear rate viscosity, infinite-shear rate viscosity, and non-Newtonian indication of fluid. With few assumptions, the model can be rearranged to model fluid either behaves as shear-thinning, shear-thickening, or Newtonian behavior. In this study, it was implemented on a variety of drilling fluids by correlating the viscosity to the shear rate. By comparing to other well-known models, it shows a prediction with high R-squared value (= 0.99) better than power-law and Herschel-Bulkley.

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Behavior of reinforced retaining wall depends upon the type of back fill soil, foundation soil and reinforcements used in the system. In the present study, reinforced wall had been analysed using finite element numerical tool PLAXIS 2D. Different types of reinforcements such as, HDPE Geogrid, PET Geogrid and Ribbed steel strip were used for wall. Also, backfill and foundation soil was varied with different types such as, sand, gravel, silt, clay. Walls deformations, ground settlement behind the wall and facing panel deformations were observed for different types of reinforcements, backfill and foundation soil. Ground settlements are found to be lesser for steel reinforcements behind the wall along the horizontal profile. HDPE and steel reinforcements are found to be more reliable, because deformations and settlements found to be less compared with PET Geogrid. Gravel found to exert lesser wall deformation because of its good drainage property. Even the settlements behind the wall were found to be lesser for gravel material. Hence it is adopted as good backfill and foundation material. Also, effect of surcharge loads on behavior of MSE wall was studied. It was observed that, for smaller magnitude surcharge loads, deformations observed were less.

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An experimental investigation has been conducted to propose a complex solution for the problem of softening the foundry molds and cores depending on liquid-glass binders. The proposed solution, employing complex softening modifiers, has been characterized experimentally and showed positive results. To ascertain the effectiveness of combining the constituents that provide softening of the liquid-glass mixture in intervals of low (200-300C⁰) and high temperatures (700-800C⁰), the obtained results have been checked by various industrial tests. High-quality casting has been achieved which proves the efficiency of this combining.

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The filtration pressure waves propagations in nonlinear media are considered for two models pressure dependences of permeability. The differences of the amplitudes and phases hydrodynamic periodic pulse testing signals are calculated for nonlinear and analogous linear situations. These differences can reach unity and tens of percents. Obtained results can be used in correction the values of the filtration parameters.

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There have been many developments in concrete technologies that have had a major impact on structural systems. This review describes previous research literature relating to hollow-core slabs. Previous studies related to the present research can be categorized according to previous research on weight reduction of slabs studies. The main conclusions obtained from previous research are also included in this paper.

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A polymeric blend contain three polymers; Polyvinyl alcohol( PVA), Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been prepared as a composite with different weight ratio of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (0,1,2,3 and 4% ). The composites were casted into films and then they characterized by (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Atomic force microscope (AFM). The thermal behavior of the films was investigated by using thermo analytical methods (differential scanning calorimetry DSC and thermogravimetric analysis TG). It was found that the thermal stability of polymeric blend nanocomposites had decreased with increasing of weight ratio of (ZnO) nanoparticles.

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The article contains the results of research into various fluxes and addition alloys applied at aluminum plants in Russia. Fuxes containing crystalline hydrates and hygroscopic water have been shown to be the source of aluminum melt hydrogen saturation. The research resulted in technical solutions aimed at the reduction of hydrogen absorption in aluminium melts with fluxes.

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This paper presents a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) providing un-interrupted power supply to the load when distributed generation (DG) is integrated to DVR. When there is an outage in supply to the load from the source, the DG integrated DVR supplies the load providing un-interrupted power supply. Photo-voltaic system is considered to be DG and the low voltage output from PV system is boosted using a high-gain DC-DC converter. DVR is a custom power device used for the compensation of power quality issues. DVR compensates harmonics, sag and swell in load voltage in this paper, also providing uninterrupted power supply to the load when there is an outage in supply to the load from the source. Closed-loop operation of high-gain DC-DC converter for boosting DG output is described. The proposed system is simulated and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

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Recent spread out of personal digital assistants (PDA) and mobile phones demanded fast plus highly secured digital transactions. Meanwhile, rapid technological advancement has allowed the transmission of the wealth of multimedia information from one device to another, especially in the field of medical, banking, defense, education, etc. to cite a few. The image file in the multimedia data often contains sensitive and confidential information, where the security and privacy need to utmost preservation without being accessed by the unauthorized users or adversaries. To overcome such security issues, we proposed an improved genetic algorithm integrated chaotic radial basis with resonance theoretic neural network (GA-CRB-RTNN) to generate the key sequences for encrypting the gray and color images before transmission. The network was further optimized via genetic algorithm (GA) that analyzed each image pixels by selecting various rows and columns. In this approach, mutation and crossover operations were used to generate the chaotic key sequence for successful encryption of the host images and subsequent generation of the cipher image. This scheme was shown to reduce the expectant attacks and enhanced the security appreciably while making the multimedia data transfer. Furthermore, the efficiency of the encryption process in the context of the medical and normal images was evaluated in terms of the mean square error rate (MSER), the correlation (vertical and horizontal), the structural similarity (SSIM) index, and the histogram.

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Tumor clustering from gene expression data has paramount implications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The adoption of clustering techniques for bio-molecular data provides new way for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In order to perform successful cancer diagnosis and treatment, cancer class discovery using bio-molecular data is considered to be one of the most important tasks. Several single clustering approaches were performed for tumor clustering but it had several drawbacks such as stability, accuracy and robustness. In this paper to improve the tumor clustering, we employ a framework, called, Hybrid Support Vector Machine (HSVM) which incorporates PSO-based feature extraction and GA-based feature selection. Specifically, the framework represents the generation of cluster in the first stage which is performed through Markov clustering algorithm. Then, the SVM classification process is adopted to generate or classify the bio-molecular data into benign tumor or malignant tumor. Our experimental results on real datasets collected from UCI machine learning repository and cancer gene expression profile show HSVM can improve the accuracy of clustering gene expression data than other related technique. The Markov clustering algorithm employed in HSVM achieves comparatively better diagnostic performance, capable of classifying the bio-molecular data into benign tumor or malignant tumor based on gene expression data.

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Whit this article we show the calibration of parameters of a generalized kelvin model adapted for the simulation of specific data for the unconfined static creep test applied in the viscoelastic characterization of asphalt mixtures. The calibration is performed using the adaptation of an optimization system along with the placement method where the latter serves as the determination of the parameters of the Dirichlet series representative of the generalized kelvin model. The results obtained are very satisfactory and validate the correct formulation and easy implementation of the calibration system in worksheet.

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This paper describes the design and implementation of an interpretable inverse fuzzy control for the purpose of controlling permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor speed. The design of fuzzy controller has been done using MATLAB and Simulink and implemented on an Arduino Uno board. The antecedent fuzzy sets are defined by triangular membership function with 0.5 interpolations avoiding the presence of complex overlapping that happens in other methods. The real-world applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by application to control the speed of the motor at a desired value with the possibility of changing it.

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In this article we represent the process of using methods and tools of classical system analysis at various stages of creating a software product, using as an example the development of the first version of UML-editor "UML artist". Project development began with the study of information on the subject area of use of this product, then collected and analyzed the requirements of potential users of the future product. When collecting the processing of data obtained at this stage, we use such methods of system analysis as survey, observation, questioning, ranking of assessments, and determination of consistency of opinions on the sample in relation to the requirements for the product. In the next step, based on the analysis of competing decisions, the paradigm was defined; the conceptual and architectural models of the editor were built. Stages of implementation and testing of the UML editor are considering in terms of satisfying functional requirements, in the paradigm of object-oriented programming and product engineering, with help of the system of building WPF client applications in the Visual Studio IDE. The program code of the editor is in more than 25 source files, its interface has some features that should interest the end user, such as options for aligning components, contextual hints, hotkeys, setting the display of background textures, two languages support (English and Russian), saving and printing created UML-diagrams, etc. We consider the traceability of user requirements from the detection phase to the testing phase of the product. The results of successful experience of using the System Analysis tool for formalizing the process of analyzing the requirements for the product being developed are presented to the attention in the article.

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Malaria disease is one whose presence is rampant in semi urban and non-urban areas especially resource poor developing countries. It is quite evident from the datasets like malaria etc., where there is always a possibility of having more negative patients (non-occurrence of the disease) compared to patients suffering from disease (positive cases). Developing a model based decision support system with such unbalanced datasets is a cause of concern and it is indeed necessary to have a model predicting the disease quite accurately because most of the conventional machine learning algorithms are showing very poor performance to classify the skewed distribution data i.e., whether a patient is affected by malaria disease or not because in imbalanced data, majority (unaffected) class samples are dominates the minority (affected) class samples which leading to class imbalance problem. To overcome this nature of class imbalance problem ensemble methods are used which produces the better accuracy in classification of minority samples. The aim of this research is to propose a comparative study on classifying the imbalanced and balanced malaria disease datasets using various ensemble methods like boosting, bagging and voting algorithms for accurate classification of affected patient. Experimental outcomes shows that Random Forest algorithm shows outstanding performance for the classification of imbalanced malaria disease.

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By using the system of anti-force frame, the problem of support difficult about counteraction bearing is solved in open-air rock mass shear test. When the strength of the foundation surface rock mass is tested in High Rock Slope Engineer, the normal load is provided by anti-force frame, and the horizontal load is supported on steep part of the different rock mass. The shear-break strength parameters and the shear strength parameters of the rock mass are analyzed. The curves of shear (break) normal stress ~ shear stress, t' ~ uh (uv) and t ~ uh (uv) are obtained. The experimental results show that the friction angle of the rock mass is 31.3°, close to its natural inclination.

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