In the present paper the solution to a problem found in the process of electric power generation is presented. Failure in the main heat exchanger causes contamination of the river because large volumes of water mixed with the lubricating oil are evacuated. The solution proposed uses water and level sensors as well as hardware and software provided by the National Instruments company to automate the switching process for the heat exchanger and thus avoid water contamination and forced shutdown of the generating unit.

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In this paper an efficient design for enhancing the performance of the ducted wind turbine (DWT) mounted in the tall buildings is presented. The DWT generates differential pressures and also causes mass flow through a building integrated turbine. By the help of Catia V5 software a successful design was completed for building mounted duct wind turbine and also computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of optimum design with an octahedral casing was chosen. A comparative study is done with the results of CFD analysis and actual wind turbine. By this innovative design cost of the tower is completely reduced and also omni directional intake helps in capturing wind with the seasonal direction. During the wind pressure the flow within augmented openings which subsequently accelerates, expands and releases into the environment. The process involves capture, acceleration and concentration of wind into the turbine. The increased kinetic energy will drive the permanent magnet generator.

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Automobiles play a key role in our day today life. Today, studying the parameters which affect the performance of diesel engines is important. In spite of the previous studies, still some aspects needs investigations. In previous researches, valve timing and fuel injection effects on engine performance was studied. In this work, the effect of changing the back pressure of the exhaust gases on the performance of the single cylinder four stroke diesel engine was studied experimentally. The study was experimentally made by varying the length of exhaust pipes with lengths of 0.250m, 0.500m, 0.750m, 1m and 2m. It was found that with increase in exhaust pipe length, the exhaust back pressure increases as this decreases the combustion efficiency. The fuel economy and the volumetric efficiency were found to be the best for a minimum exhaust pipe length.

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In this study, experimental and numerical works have been performed to investigate characteristics and thermal performance of a simple solar box cooker for boiling water. In the experiment, a simple solar box cooker with absorber area of 0.835 m 0.835 m has been designed and fabricated. The solar box cooker has been employed to boil water by exposing to the solar radiation in Medan city of Indonesia. Numerical method, where heat capacity of the material of solar box cooker is taken into consideration, has been developed. Numerical and experimental results show a good agreement. The results show that the simple solar cooker can be used to boil water up to 6 kg. The analyses show that the heat loss, useful energy, and hidden heat can be up to 57%, 15%, and 28%, respectively. The hidden heat stored in the solar box cooker material is very significant and it should be considered in the analysis and designing of solar cooker. The correlation to estimate boiling time as a function of water mass is proposed.

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Planning for coastal protection structures requires a good of security and can be economical, so in the planning of structures for coastal protection needs to be well planned by making construction materials availability is good. Coastal protection buildings using Tetrapod, Dolos, X-Blocks are excellent buildings to be used for coastal protection in a region, but at the some areas natural resources are not available to make they are expensive, so a method is needed to reduce the the concrete by filling with material sand in the concrete without reducing the strength of the existing protective layer of concrete. Because the sandbag is made of bunny or plastic sack so it is often destroyed by sunlight, and sandbag damage is the beginning of the damaged construction, by it we wrap sandbag with concrete is a solution to combine armor layer with sandbag by maintaining tetrapod, dolos and X- Blocks will create interlocking between stones.

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In recent computer vision research, the importance is given to the practical applications such as automation, surveillance and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). While entering into automation field, the task which is in existing system processed by human intervention is to be changed and make it effective. In this research the two main tasks were made: initially the detection of pedestrians crossing the road is to be evaluated as soon as possible. This video is in dynamic due to camera shake and irregular vehicle movement hence it resulted as blurry videos, to avoid this, a mean filter is used to enhance the captured video. This process helps to improve the performance of the video by reducing the blurry effect. While improving these factors, the system is able to detect and indicate the sudden pedestrians crossing and it helps to avoid unwanted accidents.

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In this paper we address the issue of lack of a versatile irrigation control system, and discuss the design and implementation of a wireless nodal irrigation system which works on the basis of soil moisture levels. The said system monitors the soil moisture at fixed nodes and relays the information of moisture content to the control node wirelessly and irrigates the nodes which have a deficit of water. The sensors can be configured to work with various sensitivities and for different levels of water. The aim is to develop a cost effective and easy to use system which can be set up and used quite comfortably with any existing type of irrigation system with minimal modifications. And that, the implementation of an automated irrigation system such as this saves a lot of time for a typical farmer, which could be invested into other avenues such as increasing the yield and pest control.

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The construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of parties as clients, contractors, consultants, stakeholders, shareholders, regulators and others. Construction projects in Iraq suffer from many problems and complex issues in performance such as time, cost, quality and safety. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the performance of construction projects in this country which suffers unstable political and economic circumstances that occurred after the year 2003 and still affecting the performance. Literature review about performance was carried out to identify the factors affecting the performance of construction projects. In addition, other local factors have been added as recommended by experts and according to the researcher's own experience in implementing construction projects. A literature review was carried out and 64 factors were identified, categorized into 7 groups. A survey was conducted to evaluate and rank these factors from clients, consultants, and contractor's perspectives. A total of 116 questionnaire sets were collected representing 36 clients, 38 consultants and 42 contractors in different parts of Iraq. It was concluded that projects were delayed and the actual cost of projects was much more than their values because of Iraq’s political and security conditions. Overall project safety factors had been moderately implemented in construction organizations. It is recommended that construction organizations should have a clear mission and vision to formulate, implement and evaluate their performance. A structured methodology and technique should be identified to overcome the effect of local political and economic situations on the performance of construction projects.

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This paper presents the design and performance characteristics of a cyclone separator used in smoked fish processing. The application of cyclone in smoked fish processing was intended to reduce contaminants such as char, ash, soot, and a fraction of tar with its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound in the smoked fish. These contaminants potentially decrease both product quality and safety of smoked fish. The cyclone used was designed according to high-efficiency Stairmand’s cyclone to separate solid particles from the smoke-air stream. A centrifugal blower of the cyclone, which was integrated with a heat exchanger, generated a forced smoke-air stream of the indirect smokehouse. The collection efficiency of the cyclone was 94.7%, which was higher than the prediction of 93.3%. Visual observation found that tar was trapped and sticky at the inside surface of the cyclone and the dust bin. The reduction of these contaminants contributed to the decrease of the PAH compound, which was indicated by low benzo (a) pyrene content (below the maximum level of Turkish food codex for 2.0 ?g/kg). The total pressure drop of the cyclone was 204 Pa, which was lower than the predicted value of 332 Pa. The ratio of energy consumed to pressure drop for the cyclone separator was 22.6 MJ/Pa.

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Association rules mining is an important topic in the domain of data mining and knowledge discovering, aiming to discover the interesting relation between variables in large datasets. One of the main problems related to the discovery of these associations (that a decision maker faces) is the huge number of association rules extracted. Hence in order to bypass this problem many interestingness measures have been proposed to evaluate the association rules. However, the abundance of these measures caused a new issue, which is the selection of measures that is best suited to the users and the heterogeneity of the evaluation results. To bypass this problem we propose an approach based on genetic algorithm and multi-criteria which permits to discover the interesting association rules without favoring or excluding any measures. The experiments performed on benchmark datasets show a wonderful performance of the proposed approach.

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Turbulent flow and heat transfer in tubes are among the most important issues in almost all industries. This paper aims to numerically analyze forced convective heat transfer within the tube. To this end, the fluid flow in the tube is considered as turbulent together with heat flux along the entire surface of the tube. In this article, the Reynolds number varies in a range of 5273-20, 000. Also, the Prandtl number (Pr) is considered equal to 0.7 and 4 for the target fluid. A non-uniform three-dimensional network along with Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is used for modeling and simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer. The length of the tube used in this study is 25 times of its diameter. In this study, after reviewing the validity of the results, changes in the fluid temperature inside the tube are investigated based on the distance from the tube wall and along the length of the tube. Moreover, the tube surface temperature is studied for flows with different Reynolds numbers. Results show that the mean tube surface temperature decreases by increasing the value of the Reynolds number, whereas it increases by increasing the Prandtl number. Moreover, it is observed that, with increasing the Prandtl number, the tube surface temperature is more quickly stabilized.

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The paper aims at ascertaining the reliability index of different grades of concrete in bending compression and direct compression both in limit state method and working stress method by considering the permissible stresses in both the methods by Level I reliability method. Thus probability of failure of concrete in bending compression and direct compression both in limit state method and working stress method are compared for different grades of concrete.

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Tool inserts were generally used in the field of machining to cut steel and aluminum material. The consumer’s demand the industry asked to get quality cutting tool long time use. The quality tool could reduce production costs, increase productivity since the turn of the tool is not often done. This study examined the effect of oxide Al2O3 + TiO2 as a layer to the hardness value tool. This study used SEM to see the micro structural properties of the topography and morphology of the oxide particles. The area, the distribution and the average diameter of the particles in the PSA program analysis using Image-J. Results, topography, and morphology of the particles can determine the hardness value tool. Weight TiO2 oxide in the coating can determine the hardness value tool. Particle size analysis has an average accuracy of 32.93% when using PSA, compared to theoretically calculate.

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Smart materials are intelligent materials that are capable of responding to external stimulus, viz., heat, light, and chemical. Among the smart materials, there is a class of stimulus-responsive materials which are capable of recovering their original shape when subjected to even large loads and inelastic deformations. These materials are termed as shape memory materials. These materials are employed in a various disciplines due to their characteristic properties. In our study, we will enumerate the important class of shape memory materials i.e., shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers and their applications of shape memory materials in the field of aircraft morphing. A brief discussion of these materials will be provided along with the phenomenon of aircraft morphing. The study will contribute in providing an insight review of the shape memory materials being developed for aircraft morphing.

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In Russia, the mineral resource base is used on a particularly large scale, and the mining complex is essentially a basic industry for the maintenance and development of our country's economy. It determines the need for a careful and responsible attitude to our subsoil riches – mineral deposits. In this regard, minimizing the level of losses and dilution of ore becomes one of the key requirements for the stopping technology. The highest levels of ore losses in an array are formed in mining areas of ore bodies contact with the host rock mass as a result of a mismatch between the mining contour and the geological contact surface. The complexity of the contact of ore and host rocks is usually characterized by the so-called "stochastic contact area". The technological complexity of ore mining at the ore-rock contact is determined by variability of geometric parameters of the "stochasticity zone" on the geologic contact plane. In this article, the issues on setting of losses and dilution when mining the near-contact zones are discussed. The method of calculating the specified values of losses and dilution in the stochasticity zone is provided. The authors developed an algorithm for determining the profile of contact. In the stochasticity zone, a contact can take a rectangular, sinusoidal, sawtooth or straight profile. The research showed the influence of contact profile on the level of losses and dilution of ore; the formulas for calculating the ratios are provided. When using the proposed method, it is possible to most easily and reliably determine the specified values of ore losses on the contacts.

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Selected Mapping [SLM] is an outstanding crest to Peak-to_Average Power Ratio [PAPR] lessening strategy for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing [OFDM] frameworks. As of late, a low-intricacy SLM conspire, called Class-III SLM plan, was proposed, which performs just a single backwards quick Fourier Transform [IFFT] to create elective OFDM flag arrangements. By arbitrarily choosing the cyclic move and revolution values, Class-III SLM plan can produce up to N3 elective OFDM flag groupings, where N is the IFFT estimate. In any case, all N3 elective OFDM flag groupings don't accomplish great PAPR diminishment exhibitions. In this manner, a productive choice strategy for good revolution and cyclic move qualities is required, which brings about great PAPR diminishment execution. In this letter, a determination strategy for cyclic move qualities is proposed, which is ideal as far as limiting the change of relationship values between option OFDM flag arrangements. It is likewise demonstrated that revolution qualities are pointless when U = N/8, where U is the quantity of option OFDM flag groupings. Additionally, a choice technique for legitimate pivot values when U >N/8 is proposed. Reproduction comes about demonstrate that the proposed strategy accomplishes the ideal PAPR decrease execution. Moreover, the proposed conspire requires less memory and side data than arbitrary plan.

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With the increasing demands of solutions to the problems in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing is one of the most challenging tasks. Query Based Text Summarizer is one of the most explored topics in Natural Language Processing which involves processing and comprehending of text document with an appropriate result based on an input query. There have been many models and structures for a text summarizer which generates effective results; there have been very few approaches towards an extension of this problem. Query based text summarizer is based on sentence-sentence and sentence-word relationship using graphs structure. Several methods and algorithms based on statistics and linguistic techniques have been adopted in the past, however in order to maximise its results, a combination of these techniques must be applied to make it more efficient. This paper aims to solve the righteousness of the output that is being generated.

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Image compression is an approach designed to compress the image size and improve the visibility of image by increasing the image contrast. Several methods have been proposed to solve the visualization issue of compressed image; however, these techniques are problem-specific and hence their robustness are questionable. A robust lossy image compression method called Robust Adaptive Haar Wavelet Transform (RAHWT) augmented with Adaptive Multi Scale Retinex (AMSR) has been proposed to enhance the quality of compressed image. This paper proposes a new image compression technique for colour RGB images. This technique is developed to produce images of better contrast and smaller size. The output image is evaluated by using Peak-Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and image size before and after compression (in KB).

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Data Mining is a cross-disciplinary field that concentrates on discovering properties of data sets. There are different approaches to discovering properties of data sets and Machine Learning is one of them. Machine Learning is a sub-field of data science that focuses on designing algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on the data. With the increase in the demand for the e-commerce websites, lots of information arises due to which the users face difficulty in finding the relevant information matching their preferences. Thus, we represent a system which will recommend similar food products to the user based on his purchase. The Food Product will be recommended based on the day to day health diseases of the user. The user profile is formed in which health complication of the user is there. The dataset for Recommendation System comprises of 2075 food items. We will apply K-nutrient algorithm to realize the Recommendation System. We will also implement Machine Learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest. In addition to this, the comparison between SVM and Random Forest is performed and SVM outperforms Random Forest algorithm as it shows an increase in the performance.

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Structural phase transitions in the x(AgI+KI)+(1-x)NH₄I system, allowed quantifying the structural relaxation of the phases: ß®a NH₄Ag₄I₅ and ß®a KAg₄I₅ respectively, being correlated with the NH4I content and with the presence of the glass phase within the compound. It is noticed the importance of having a first thermal treatment of the compound, in order to erase the thermal history. The spontaneous liberation of the residual enthalpy is achieved by using a Ta=308 K isotherm for a two-hour time span. Based on the obtained data, it is presented the phase diagram for variations from x=0.45 to 0.95.

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Data mining research is much occupied with Association rule mining (ARM) wherein these rules attempts to mine frequent items. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for mining the infrequent or rare or minimal correlated items. The point is that interesting relationship among infrequent items has not been discussed much in the literature. In this paper, we conduct a comparative performance study on three such algorithms namely Apriori Rare, Apriori Inverse and CORI. After studying their pros and cons, we suggest how they can be applied in mining the video transaction datasets.

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Wortmann FX 63-137 and Selig S1223 are high lift low Reynolds Number Airfoils which have widespread applications in heavy lift cargo planes and student projects like FSAE. The trailing edge is often given a radius for the ease of manufacturing and safety. This paper studies the variation in lift coefficients, drag coefficients and aerodynamic efficiency because of the amendments in the trailing edge radii of these two airfoils, ranging from 0.25% to 1.5% of the chord length.

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Lives of many people around the world can be under the threat of unpredictable incidents and diseases. Sudden incidents and diseases are often in need of quick relief as they influence directly on people’s lives, and the final result of relief delivery1 is reflected by the aiding time span. Also, financial and therapeutic constraints result in finding a suitable solution. Recognition of the aiding space and understanding it are necessary for adoption of a decent response approach. The process of planning, managing and controlling the flow of aiding resources for injured and sick people are called the relief logistics. When using the available resources, best relief services are delivered to those in need, the relief logistics become apparent (1). Creating more suitable conditions for decision making relies on the integrated investigation of relief logistics. On the other hand, considering the unpredictable volume of relief inquiries, in order to have a better planning, the problem space should be reviewed in an uncertain condition which increases the complexity of the problem. In this article, we have attempted to conduct an emergency multiphase location, allocation and routing integrated study in uncertain conditions that is always of a robust response, so that minimum changes occur in various conditions. In the presented model, inquiries from emergency stations are defined as different scenarios with different ranges of occurrence probability, so that real conditions are indicated from them. On the other hand, the emergency inquiry provision supply is assumed to be uncertain which can satisfy the inquiry in an uncertain way. Considering the result analyses, we come to this conclusion that first, the problem space should be identified for decision making. In this article, in order to increase the inquiry satisfaction levels, more ambulances should be allocated to the emergency centers which results in cost elevation and sometimes it is out of resource provision capacities.

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The aim of the present paper is an investigation of thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects on MHD flow through porous medium past an exponentially accelerated inclined plate with variable temperature. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. A robust finite element method (FEM) has been adopted to obtain the solution of the transformed flow equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Extensive discussion of the finite element formulation, convergence and validation is provided. The influence of physical parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration are presented graphically to illustrate interesting features of the solutions. The effect of flow pertinent parameters on skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed and presented in tabular form. Finally, a qualitative comparison has been made between the present work and previous published result, found that there is an excellent agreement between the results exists.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties of the welded joints of corten steel sheets that has been using in the integrated coach factory in making the coaches of rails obtained by TIG welding done with three different parameters like current, welding speed and gas flow rate as a constant are studied. The performance of the welded joints is identified using the Tensile, Micro hardness, Bending, Micro and Macrostructure examination. The better strength of welding is obtained with the specific current and welding speed of TIG welding process. Thus the result provides the alternative welding method of TIG welding instead of MIG welding.

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Color sensor systems evolved and reached a high level of technologies in detecting several colors, mostly in robotics. Many factors can affect the success of this device like efficiency. It is so important when you are looking for accurate results but it could fail if the cost is high. The purpose of this project is to create a color sensor system that has the good efficiency and low cost. The system is made to detect ten different colors and differentiate between them. It has been implemented as a breadboard using LEDs, an LDR, Op Amps and an Arduino UNO. This paper will be explaining the components, working principle, connections, calculations, results and the errors. The motivation of this project is the ongoing research in many parts of the world to alleviate color blindness [1, 3, 7, and 8]. Although this project might not be directly applicable to human retina but it can be integrated with robots and automotive industries.

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A reversible logic based serial to parallel converter is developed using Quantum cellular automata (QCA). Nowadays reversible logic is a vital area of research due to its aptness to reduce the power dissipation and circuit complexity. The output functions uniquely expound by the input logical states in reversible logical functions. The foremost aim of designing the reversible circuits are to reduce the number of gates, number of garbage outputs, delay, quantum cost, number of quantum cells and device complexity. The reversible logic circuits do not fail to keep the information and unique types of outputs are taken. In this paper a proposed new 4*4 reversible gate is designed using quantum cellular automata and it is being used to realize the D Flip Flop with reduced number of quantum cells. Also a 4 bit reversible SIPO serial to parallel converter has been realized using the proposed D Flip Flop. It uses reduced number of gates and quantum cells so it occupies less area.

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This paper deals with the design of full adder using complementary metal oxide semi conductor (CMOS) logic, gate diffusion input (GDI) logic, modified GDI and transmission gate logic. These designs are implemented using H-Spice software. Performance parameters such as power dissipation and transistor counts are compared with the existing designs such as CMOS logic, GDI logic, and modified GDI logic. This design works efficiently with less transistor count and less power dissipation at 130nm technology.

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The overview of scientific research works in which techniques and results of analytical and experimental studying of power and kinematic characteristics of operation of roller drill bits is stated in this paper. The interest to this subject is explained by its great practical importance. Economic indicators of a well construction depend on the overall performance of the drilling tool. At the same time, results of researches often have contradictory character that can be explained by the high complexity of processes happening during the bit operation on a borehole bottom. The analyzed works are grouped according to the fields of researches. The overview of main works devoted to studying of kinematics of roller drill bits, to interaction of elements of drilling bit cutting structure with the destroyed rock, to the calculation of efforts and analysis of tension of drilling bit bearing and cutting structure elements by means of various experimental methods and methods of mathematical modeling is provided. The provided analysis of known results of researches in this field is not comprehensive, but can be useful in case of further studying of this issue. The results of the investigational study of a load distribution between drilling bit bearings applying the model of the drilling bit bearing assembly made of photoelastic material are also considered in this paper. It is established that the nature of a load distribution between bearings depends on the radius of the effort application to a roller. In case of a little change of radius in a certain area, there is a considerable redistribution of loading between drilling bit bearings. The placement recommendations for the optimization of a drilling bit cutting structure on a roller surface are offered according to research results.

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A major problem of convertiplanes is that they need high disk-loading for efficiency in cruise and very low disk-loading for lift at vertical take-off. Contra-Rotating Propeller (CRP) seems to be a convenient solution for the tilt-rotor convertiplanes derived from the tilt-motor V22/BA609. With this propeller arrangement the rotor diameter can be significantly reduced. In this way the disk-loading for vertical take-off is the same of the traditional propeller. In the case of an aerial vehicle similar to the V22 the rotor diameter can be reduced from 11.6m down to 7m. The lower diameter and disk area significantly reduces the drag at cruise speed. In this way propulsion efficiency is increased. In the V22 case a secondary reason for using contra-rotating propellers is to increase the propeller disk-area, and achieve higher vertical lift efficiency, within a propeller diameter limited by the height of the aircraft's undercarriage. In this way the emergency “conventional” horizontal landing is possible by giving a small amount of dihedral to the wings (8 DEG). This is easy to implement due to the absence, in the contra-propeller version, of the interconnecting transmissions between the two rotors at the wingtips. Moreover, the huge gyroscopic moments of the V-22/BA609 propulsion system that induces slow response on these aerial vehicles is annulled by the contra-rotating solution. Finally, the contra rotating propellers are less subject to the roughness zone of the VRS (Vortex Ring State) as demonstrated in wind tunnel tests. The higher complication of the two contra-rotating rotors is compensated by the fact that only the blade feathering DOF is implemented in the hub. In helicopter mode, the advancing blades of each rotor operate at higher pitch angles to produce more lift without prejudice to roll trim, since the difference in lift between the advancing and retreating blades of the upper propeller are balanced by the equal and opposite lift distribution of the lower one. This concept is called the Advancing Blade Concept (ABC) and has been successfully implemented in the Sikorsky’s X2 high-speed technology demonstrator. Flutter due to lack of stiffness of the contra-rotating solution have been successfully solved in the fifties (see the nearly sonic Tu95 Bear). In this paper the cruise performance of the contra rotating solution is fully analysed with Solid Woks Flow Simulation. As expected the propulsion cruise efficiency is significantly higher than the traditional propeller solution.

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The article discusses the analysis of the influence of the connecting hole diameter on the amount of the mixture flowing from the basic volume to the additional volume at the compression stroke in the prechamber engine. The resulting mathematical model allows to accurately determine the amount of fresh charge overflowing from the main combustion chamber into the secondary chamber at the compression stroke. The quantity of overflowing charge, taking into account the presence of throttling, allows to determine the composition of the air-fuel mixture in the main and additional combustion chambers. Owing to the obtained results, it becomes possible to select the optimum mixture composition by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied. The experimental data on the immunity of the thermodynamic cycle of the upgraded engine to different sorts of fuels within a wide range of octane numbers and their viscosity by optimizing the air coefficient in the additional chamber without departing from the optimum ignition limits at all load conditions are given.

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As part of the way of life, human beings have been growing in massive form different foods with le designed to meet the needs of the population, with the passage of time has arisen various problems that affect this system, as what they are pests or diseases that attack the crops without any discrimination. For this has been developing a series of pesticides or chemical agents against these infections, which have been effective in almost all the occasions, but at a high cost, which was add to basic food to the population, potentially toxic chemical agents and with consequences to health. That is why in this work proposes a study of the potential for bioaccumulation of the compound cyproconazole, in a tropical fruit as is the Physalis peruviana to delete a fungus known as Phoma sp. And all this with the purpose of establishing early on the potential damage present of this compound in the crop.

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This paper presents an assistive system for the visually impaired that helps the individual to move about in the environment freely and avoids obstacles in the process. This small and efficient obstacle detection system (ODS) is placed on the shoes of the visually challenged person to provide free mobility for the individual. The system contains a microcontroller ARM cortex M3 LPC1768 which receives data from two sensors for obstacle detection. An ultrasonic sensor is used as the range finder and an infrared sensor is used to decrease the number of false positives of detections and make the system more decisive. To increase the efficiency of the system, a force sensitive resistor (FSR) sensor is placed at the sole of the shoe. This system also sends the obstacle distance values to a cloud server which can be accessed anywhere and at any time.

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As the MOSFETs becoming smaller, the process parameters of the MOSFET are difficult to be perfectly controlled which eventually leads to the statistical variation of many process variables. The statistical modeling is one of the approaches that can be implemented to control the process parameter variations, thereby optimizing the device characteristics. This paper presents a comparative study of Taguchi method and central composite design (CCD) for optimizing the process parameters in Vertical Double Gate MOSFET. The L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi method and CCD has been utilized to optimize six process parameters towards the device characteristics. The comparative analysis between Taguchi method and CCD for optimizing the process parameters in vertical double-gate MOSFET are performed in term of their efficiency and simplicity. The observation of the final results indicates that the Taguchi method is the most suitable statistical tools over the CCD for optimizing the process parameters in the device due to its simplicity (requires less experiment runs) and its efficiency (better in overall device characteristics).

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Voltage stability margin (VSM) and load power margin (LPM) arethe indicators that show how close a load bus is to experiencing voltage instability. The smaller the values of VSM or LPM of a particular load bus, the closer the load bus towards voltage instability. This paper presents the application of probabilistic neural network (PNN) for classifying VSM and LPM values. A number of training data is generated for the PNN model to classify. The PNN model used in this paper should be able to classify which values are within VSM/LPM values and which values are not. The IEEE 14-bus system has been chosen as the reference electrical power system. MATLAB is used to deploy the PNN model for VSM and LPM classifications.

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The article describes research results and comparative analysis of different configuration of Hall elements designed within the XFAB XH035 process. Three most common Hall elements structures: Rectangles, cross diamond-shape and quadruple Hall element, consisting of four paralleled single Hall elements of rectangular configuration, researched. The relationship between drain current, offset voltage, sensitivity and drain voltage and relationship between drain current, sensitivity and dimension impact of Hall element (width and length) researched. Analysis carried out to choose the most efficient configuration of Hall element in conjunction with following characteristics: current consumption, sensitivity and offset voltage to use the Hall element as a part of integrated circuit with linear output. In addition, the comparative analysis of main characteristics of designed Hall elements and Hall elements manufactured by bipolar technology, by “Silicon on insulator” technology and by gallium-arsenide technology, carried out.

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CC cams are everywhere and in this work, we explore these sensors ability and the corresponding algorithms to detect fire. The two drawbacks that raises questions on the performance of fire detection algorithms are: (1) Ambient lighting that masks the fire for color feature based detection and (2) Sizeable object movement near the fire for dynamic change based algorithms. This paper addresses these problems with CC camera footages of fire in indoor and outdoor environments under the two problematic conditions. We test models on color, frame subtraction, back ground modelling with Gaussian Mixture Models, Independent component analysis, Geometric - Independent component analysis (GICA). A 4-parameter statistical model checks the quality of the proposed algorithm. Results show the potentiality of the proposed algorithm is solving the above two problems for fire detection.

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The article gives review of statistical criteria for multiple comparison and examples of their use for processing of experimental data in the field of beneficiation of mineral products. The most widely used criteria of Student have been envisaged with the adjustments of Bonferroni, Newman-Keuls, Tukey and Dunnett. Based on the example of the results of flotation beneficiation of non-traditional gold-containing ore, it was shown that the result of data interpretation depends on selection of a certain criterion. Comparing Student’s modified criterion with Bonferroni’s adjustment and Dunnett’s criterion, is can be noted that Dunnett’s criterion is more sensitive, and it gives a more precise result with comparatively few samples.

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Gear is considered as a critical component in machinery elements, their failure caused an unexpected disturbance at industrial processes. Many researchers studied diagnose of gear faults by vibration data analysis. In this regard, we create and develop a vibration database from an industrial plant, then we apply many methods to extract features and we classify gear-faults based on different algorithms. We consider four gear fault classes: healthy gear, with pinion defect, with wheel defect and with both pinion and wheel defects. We perform diagnosis using temporal and spectral analysis, than we improve the fault classification results using appropriate feature extraction combined to nonlinear classifiers. The excellent classification scores in the experimental phase proofs the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

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Measuring the presence of impurities in water column through gravimetric method such as total suspended solid (TSS) is rather a time consuming and labor intensive method. Surrogating TSS with turbidity (NTU) is a possible solution to this problem. Some researchers have indicated the usefulness of turbidity measurement in indicating fish larvae growth rate, gastrointestinal illness risk of human being, etc. Previous works have been carried out to model this relationship but rather limited to a single relation between turbidity and TSS, and yet, ignoring other factors such as time, temperature, etc that have influences on turbidity. The current work was carried out to better understand some underlying relations of turbidity with temperature, time, suspended solids concentration, pH, color and velocity. In phase 1, synthetic water was used to study the relation of turbidity with suspended solid, velocity, temperature and time. Results indicated that turbidity increases with increasing temperature, suspended solids concentration, and velocity, but reduces with time. In phase 2, there were four set of parameter-modified and four set of respective control water samples. Parameter-modified water samples were subjected changes of temperature (25-70 oC), pH (5-10), color (red, yellow, blue, orange, green, brown, and black at 500 mg/L), and conductivity (100-1000 µS/cm). Results showed the relation of these parameters fell between most likely positive and negative. In addition, the current proposed model gives a high R-squared (> 0.969), low mean square error, and has a value lesser than 0.05.

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The main factors that cause the failure of gears are the bending stress and contact stress of the gear tooth. Stress analysis has been a key area of research to minimize failure and optimize design. This paper gives a finite element model for investigation of the stresses in the tooth during the meshing of gears for material steel 15Ni2Cr1Mo28. The model involves the involute profile of a spur gear. The geometrical parameters, such as the face width and module, are considered important for the variation of stresses in the design of gears. Using modeling software, 3-D models for different modules in spur gears were generated, and the simulation was performed using ANSYS to estimate the bending stress. The Lewis formula is used to calculate the bending stress. The results of the theoretical stress values are compared with the stress values from the finite element analysis.

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The scallop height is the most substantial variable in determining the quality of machined surface. Many analytical approaches were proposed to calculated the scallop height in five-axis milling. Most of them addressed the issue of scallop height for toroidal cutter by approximating the inclined cutting tool using two common primitive geometries, either circle or ellipse. This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the scallop height of toroidal cutter produced by predefined tool path in five-axis milling. The present study was aimed to improve the drawback of the existing method in representing the swept curve of inclined toroidal cutter. In this study, the swept curve was calculated analytically by adopting the method to calculate the grazing point in swept envelope development. The coordinate of intersection point was calculated by using the combination of swept curve algorithm and coordinate mapping equations. The proposed method was successfully used to generate scallop height data for two machining processes with different step over.

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The aim of this project is to create an IOT based application for monitoring patient. The advancement of Body Sensor Network in healthcare applications have made patient monitoring more feasible. We are proposing an Android Mobile application based Health care system using Body Sensor Network (BSN). The nodes of BSN include Temperature, Humidity and Pulse Rate Sensor. The proposed framework is effective in taking care of the issues confronted by patients and doctor by observing human exercises and interfacing with the living condition.

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The Smart Grid is an evolution of the prevailing electricity grid. It contains of a two-way communication wherever electricity and knowledge are exchanged by the buyer and utility to maximize potency. Advancement in technologies has created an lot of convenient, economical and even more secure. Introducing the Raspberry Pi to the plant of home automation provides various customizations to show an everyday home into a Smart Grid. Raspberry Pi provides a low cost platform for inter connecting electrical/electronic devices and varied sensors during a home via the web network. The most objective of present work is to design a smart grid using various sensors which might be controlled and monitored by the Raspberry Pi via the Internet of Things (IoT). This can facilitate the house owners to provide straight forward, quick and reliable way to automate their environment. This paper proposes Smart grid systems comprises of digitally primarily based sensing, communications, and management technologies and field devices that operate to coordinate multiple electrical grid processes. An IoT of intelligent grid includes the applying information technology systems to handle new data and permits utilities to lot of effectively and dynamically manage grid operations. The data provided by smart grid systems conjointly permits customers to make informed choices about the approach they manage energy use.

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In the present work, fibers were extracted from the bark of terminalia bellirica tree and were investigated for their properties in detail. Fibers were treated with 5% Sodium hydroxide solution for 30 minutes and the effect of this alkali treatment on the fiber properties was studied. FT-IR studies and chemical analysis of the terminalia bellirica fibers showed the reduction of hemicellulose on alkali treatment. X Ray diffraction studies proved the increase in the crystallinity of the fibers after alkali treatment. Increase in thermal stability and tensile properties of terminalia bellirica fibers after alkali treatment was observed. Scanning electron micrographs showed the roughened surface of the fibers on alkali treatment.

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