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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                       October 2018  |  Vol. 13  No. 19
   
Title: Achieving a theoretical approximation characterize the stopping power of heavy ion in D-T plasma
Author (s): Malik Abdullah Atheeb and Raad Hameed Majeed
Abstract:

The dependence of the energy losses or the stopping power for the ion contribution in D- T hot plasma fuels upon the corresponding energies and the related penetrating factor are arrive by using by a theoretical approximation models. In this work we reach a compatible agreement between our results and the corresponding experimental results.

   

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Title: The mechanics, conceptualization and design of an ergonomic clockwise directional screwdriver
Author (s): Poh Kiat Ng, Kian Siong Jee and Bing Sheng Choong
Abstract:

Studies concluded that clockwise torque directions secure and improve grip force compared to counter-clockwise torque directions. However, it appears that there is no study on the design and development of an ergonomic screwdriver to address the difficulty of manually unfastening screws. In this study, a screwdriver concept was developed with clockwise directional input and ergonomic features. Previous studies found that the ergonomic design recommendations involved in designing the handles of hand tools were diameter, shape and material. The planetary gear system was proposed in the design concept as a solution to change the screwdriver input direction inwards for unfastening tasks. Ergonomics design factors such as handle diameter, shape and surface material were also taken into consideration for a more secure grip. With lower force requirements and ergonomic features, this screwdriver can potentially benefit manual workers towards decreasing risks of sustaining CTDs and accidents, and eventually improve efficiency in precision tasks.

   

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Title: Synthesis and characterization of nano gamma Aluminium oxide from Iraqi Bauxite using extraction method
Author (s): Hamid S. Meteab, Hadi A. Karem and Watheq K. Salih
Abstract:

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) considers one of the important ceramic oxides in present time because of its characteristic properties which are suitable for different industrial applications. The recent developments in nano technology encouraged the scientists to prepare nano alumina using different methods. The present work deals with preparing nano gamma Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) from Iraqi Bauxite ore using extraction method. The ore was leached with an acidic solution and the Aluminum was extraction in the form of aluminum chloride. After extraction, the Aluminium chloride was treated with ammonia solution to obtained aluminum hydroxide which was calcined and milled to get on nano alumina powder (Gamma phase). The resultant powder was characterized by X-Ray diffraction, BET, AFM and FTIR techniques. The work results were clarified the possibility of producing nano gamma alumina with high surface area using this method.

   

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Title: Experimental study on microwave-vacuum drying of alfalfa
Author (s): Yuriy A. Ivanov, Viktor Pakhomov, Sergey Braginets, Oleg Bakhchevnikov and Artem Rukhlyada
Abstract:

The experimental study on microwave-vacuum drying of green alfalfa in the drying apparatus of the continuous operation were a research objective. Carotene retention in microwave-vacuum drying process was the main object of this research. Carotene retention during the period of storage of the dried alfalfa was investigated. It is set that microwave-vacuum drying ensures good carotene retention in the drying process of green alfalfa and during storage of the dried alfalfa. Low level of carotene destruction in microwave-vacuum drying process is interpreted by the fact that use of vacuum allows to realize drying at lower temperature. Low level of carotene destruction during storage of the dried alfalfa hypothetically is interpreted by the isomerization of carotene reducing its oxidation. The method of microwave-vacuum drying is perspective for the organization of industrial drying of forage and officinal herbs.

   

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Title: Effect of temperature in purification process on the properties of natural ester insulating oils
Author (s): Nur Lidiya Muhd. Ridzuan, Norazhar Abu Bakar, Sharin Ab Ghani, Imran Sutan Chairul and Nur Hakimah Ab Aziz
Abstract:

The life span of a transformer usually depends on its insulation condition. In principle, materials used in transformer are subjected to ageing process during the operation that might lead to insulation failure. The interaction between transformer insulation with temperature, moisture and oxygen might commonly lead to the formation of gases, acid, sludge and moisture which accelerates the ageing process. Therefore, an appropriate oil treatment or purification process is required to delay the aging process by sustaining or improving the quality and properties of the insulation oil. Currently, in the field of oil treatment process, there are only a few studies done regarding the natural ester insulating oil (NEI) treatment compared to the mineral insulating oil (MI). In fact, there were no study done concerning the effect of temperature during treatment process toward NEI especially for the rapeseed and palm based oil. Thus, a drying treatment process was selected in studying the effect of temperature on NEI using a vacuum oven that have been set at two temperatures of 65°C and 90°C with 0.09MPa pressure. The experiment was conducted for one week with a time interval of one day (24 hours). Quality of the treatment oil were then examined by evaluating its moisture content, acidity and AC breakdown voltage. In addition, this paper also investigated the temperature effects in determining the optimum time taken for oil treatment process. The finding of this work is believed to able in assisting the planning of an appropriate maintenance strategy to keep the power transformer oil in healthy condition, and hence met the standard requirement.

   

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Title: Performance of deficient steel hollow square section short column strengthened with CFRP
Author (s): Mohammed J. Hamood, Maha Ghalib Ghaddar and Zinah Asaad Abdul Husain
Abstract:

Strengthening with bonded CFRP-laminates might be an effective repair method to restore the load-carrying capacity of deteriorated steel elements. So, a deficient column needs to treat due to reducing in strength capacity as a damage of column because of extra loading or presence of dynamic loading. In this paper, short hollow square column made from hot rolled steel was analyzed under static loading to check out the column capacity and then same column with deficient as surface area ratio in different layout were studies under the effects of static and dynamic loading. The main parameters are number of layer as thickness amount of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, surface area ratio of deficient and deficient layout. Finite elements method as numerical solution by ANSYS software was adopted to simulate all models and presented as three dimensional problems. The analysis indicated that the deficient locations and sizes play important parameters in column strength and serviceability. And the harmonic load results must considered because of giving different performance from that under static loading by enhancing performance of strengthened columns and the presence of CFRP decreased the displacement in case of deficient column.

   

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Title: Surveying the growth and wastewater treatment ability of Para grass (Brachiaria Mutica) vegetation in the stabilization ponds
Author (s): Van Thi Thanh Ho, Minh Dang Pham, Tuan Phan Anh Tran, Dang Minh Nguyen, Giang Long Bach, Duy Trinh Nguyen, Huong Thi Pham, Trang Vu Thuy Dang, Quang Dang Tran and Nam Dong Hoang
Abstract:

The use of aquatic plants to treat wastewater is an environmentally friendly solution. In this study, Para grass (Brachiaria Mutica) is grown in a water stabilization pond. Studying the growth cycle of Para grass for 35 days showed that the grass grew relatively fast in the first 20 days, but starting from day 20 - 21 the grass started to blossom and grew more slowly. Para grass grew equally in the first 12 days in both rainy and dry seasons. However, Para grass grows in the rainy season is better than in the dry season in the next 12 days. In the 24 - day cycle, 1m2 of dry grass contain the highest yield of 174.6g of carbohydrate, 18.97g of nitrogen and 2.85g of phosphorus. The stabilization pond which is covered by Para grass treated wastewater well. When the flow rate is reduced to 0, 25 m3/h, this system is capable of handling pollutants such as COD; total N, total P which is better than 0, 35 m3/h. Para grass is capable of growing rapidly, unregenerate. Para grass is also more suitable than water spinach and water hyacinth because these plants have a rotting cycle that causes secondary water pollution. This research direction is suitable for the current sustainable development trend: using the method with low cost, friendly to the environment, easy to operate and use plant species which are available in Vietnam.

   

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Title: Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of the (CexFe0.05Mg0.95-xO) nano compound synthesized via sol-gel / auto combustion technique
Author (s): Tagreed M. Al- Saadi, Ziad T. Khodair and Ahmed H. Abed
Abstract:

In this work (Cex Fe0.05Mg0.95-xO) nano particles (where x= 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.10) were prepared by using sol-gel /auto combustion technique. The XRD results showed that all samples are polycrystalline in nature with cubic structure and lattice constant (a) decrease with increasing of Ce content in the sample. The crystallite size found an average size of (14.26 - 25.21 nm) was estimated by using Debye-Scherrer equation. The results of (SEM) showed that the morphology look like irregular aggregated of particles. The analysis of (EDX) confirmed the presence of Mg, Ce, Fe and O ions in the prepared samples. The results revealed that the dielectric loss factor and dielectric constant increase with increasing the content of Ceion, but the conductivity is inverse that behavior also the results showed that the initial magnetic permeability and relative loss factor were affected by change the content of Ce ion.

   

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Title: Infrared occupancy detection technologies in building automation - A review
Author (s): Mika Maaspuro
Abstract:

Occupancy sensing, based on the use of single or sometimes on multiple technologies, is used to gather the information about human presence the building automation system requests. Infrared sensing technologies are the most widely used in occupancy detection. This paper issues occupancy detection from a building automation system, like an automatic lighting control point of view, reviews the main concepts and terminologies related to occupancy detection in buildings. Infrared occupancy sensing technologies, passive technologies such as PIR, active IR technologies, such as light barriers/gates based on the transmitter–receiver pair or transmitter-mirror pair, are discussed in detail. The main focus is on PIR sensor as it is the most common infrared technology used in motion and occupancy detection. Author’s own contribution to this subject is given in the form of a developed FEM simulation model for a typical PIR sensor. The available IR technologies and the benefits and drawbacks of each of the technologies are presented. A comparison between other occupancy sensing technologies and their combination use is presented. In order to reach higher accuracy in occupancy detection, a network of sensors spreads around a building can be used. This paper reviews some studies of occupancy detection and motion tracking based on IR sensor network technologies and the associated methods in use.

   

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Title: Proximal analysis of the residual cake obtained with extraction by pressing seeds of Perehuetano
Author (s): J. J. Lafont-Mendoza, E. A. Espinosa-Fuentes, C. A. Severiche-Sierra, J. Jaimes-Morales and Y. A. Marrugo-Ligardo
Abstract:

The Parinari pachyphylla Rusby is a tree native to South America, popularly called "Perehuétano", there is currently a growing interest dedicated to finding new ways of obtaining edible oils such as those of plant seeds that represent an important source of oils with high nutritional, industrial and pharmaceutical importance. In this paper the proximal analysis of the residual cake of seeds of the Perehuétano was carried out, the extraction was carried out by the mechanical method of pressing, obtaining the following results: humidity 3.28%, ashes 3.10%, crude protein 37.87%, crude fiber 12.54%, crude fat 42.30% and carbohydrates 4.30%. In conclusion it is indicated that the nutrients of the cake of the raw seeds can be compared favorably with the nutrients of the seed of common use, such as soybeans, cottonseed, rapeseed, cantaloupe, jatropha curca, among others.

   

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Title: Solution of an unsteady flow through porous media past on moving vertical plate with variable temperature and heat source in the presence of inclined magnetic field in the presence of viscous dissipation
Author (s): G. Narsimlu
Abstract:

In this paper we analyze and study the problem of an unsteady flow through porous media past on moving vertical plate with variable temperature and heat source in the presence of inclined magnetic field and viscous dissipation is studied. The governing equations are discritized by Galerkin finite-element method and are solved by Crank-Nicolson method using C-Program. The effects of variable parameters to the velocity and temperature profiles are discussed graphically and the numerical values obtained for skin-friction have been tabulated.

   

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Title: Investigation of household hazardous wastes (HHW) generation and composition in Padang City, Indonesia
Author (s): Yenni Ruslinda, Slamet Raharjo, Rizki Aziz, Yommi Dewilda and Arum Nabila

Abstract:

There is no specific management for household hazardous waste (HHW) in Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia. HHW management is still mixed with other municipal solid waste; therefore it can pollute the environment and endanger health. Generation unit and composition of solid waste is the initial data required for a solid waste management system planning. This study aims to analyze the generation and composition of HHW in Padang City and calculate the percentage of HHW in the total solid waste of Padang City in 2017. Determination of sample size, sampling method and sample measurement was carried out in accordance with SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 19-3964-1994 on Method of Sampling and Measuring Sample of Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste. According to the calculation of SNI with 97% confidence level, 162 samples were collected from domestic, commercial, institutional, industrial and municipal services sources. The HHW generation of Padang City was 11.875 ton/day (excluding electronic waste) with the generation rate of16 g/cap/day the highest HHW generation was from industrial sources (61.73%), followed by domestic sources (27.62%). HHW composition was dominated by 37% body care and 24% cleaning products use. HHW of Padang City was composed mainly of40% toxic and 19% corrosive. The percentage of HHW in the total solid waste generation of Padang City was 2.2%. Although the percentage was quite small, special planning is required for the HHW management system due to the accumulated effects.

   

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Title: Leading an electron beam in a three-section linear accelerator
Author (s): Vladimir Kuzmich Shilov, Aleksander Nikolaevich Filatov and Aleksandr Evgenyevich Novozhilov
Abstract:

The scale of human economic activity and the specificity of modern technological processes used in industry, especially in chemical industry and metallurgy, require special measures for environment protection. For practical purposes, linear electron accelerators operating in pulsed mode are currently used. Such accelerators may have sufficient beam power for efficient use in the industry and for environment protection. This paper shows the fundamental possibility of leading an electron beam by own high-frequency fields of accelerating resonators in linear accelerators with standing wave made on the basis of bi-periodical slow-wave structures. The results of numerical calculation of electrons dynamics with various initial conditions have been shown. The obtained results have been used to create a three-section accelerator, for which the calculated and experimental data have been shown. The performed experimental studies have confirmed the possibility of creating a standing wave linear accelerator without an external magnetic focusing system with the output beam diameter not exceeding5 mm. The results of beam dynamics calculations have been experimentally confirmed.

   

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Title: Design analysis of the thermal conditions for continuous casting and extrusion based on a conform unit with horizontal mold wheel
Author (s): Skuratov Alexander P., Belyaev Sergey V., Gorokhov Yutij V., Potapenko A. S., Gubanov Ivan Y., Popiyakova N. P., Ivanov A. G., Lesiv Elena M., Kirko Vladimir I. and Koptseva Natalia P.
Abstract:

The proximity mathematical model of complex heat exchange has been developed in the area of a conform unit a with horizontal mold for the continuous casting and extrusion of non-ferrous metals. The dynamics of the lead alloy extrusion have been studied at an experimental laboratory unit. The design temperatures for metal and elements of a prototype unit have been identified.

   

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Title: Battery energy storage system sizing for high penetration of solar photovoltaic systems in low voltage distribution network
Author (s): Meysam Shamshiri, Chin Kim Gan and Nur Izzati Zolkifriand Kyairul Azmi Baharin
Abstract:

The integration of high penetration photovoltaic (PV) system at low voltage (LV) distribution network has begun to introduce many challenges for electricity utility companies from the technical and economic aspects. In Malaysia, the NET-metering scheme is implemented with the aim to encourage the in situ solar energy consumption before exporting any excess to the grid. Nevertheless, during the high PV generation and low load consumption period, the excess power can be stored in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to enable higher operation flexibility for network operators. Thus, the BESS needs to be sized properly based on the consumers’ type of premises and capacity of PV generation system. This is to ensure optimum BESS operational efficiency. Hence, this paper investigates BESS sizing for a typical Malaysian double-story house with 4kW rooftop PV system. The load profile is captured from the group of normal house and PV generation profiles are taken from real data captured at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. The results show that different sizes of BESS have significant impacts on the net load profile of the houses after connecting the battery. The optimum sizing of the battery reduces the maximum demand and smoothen the net load profile by storing the excess generation and dispatch it at the time of high demand. The Load Factor (LF) and Variability Index (VI) are the two-main metrics that have been considered in the study. The results show significant improvement of these metrics after the optimum BESS integration.

   

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Title: Artificial grass to replace natural grass in green areas and public parks to combat water shortage
Author (s): El-Sherbiny Y. M.
Abstract:

Water availability is the biggest environmental issue that faces many countries like Egypt in the 21st Century. Water-efficient sustainable landscapes can be responsive to the environment, re-generative, and can actively contribute to the development of livable communities. This paper presents experimental results aiming at improving the walking safety measures on artificial landscape covers. The basic aim is to study future developments that are necessary to deal with the emerging changes in play grounds and public parks. Floor slipperiness is usually monitored by coefficient of friction. Tests are made with 50 to 300 N loads, in dry and wet rubbing conditions for Polyethylene fibers of different length and thickness. The friction decreased with the increase in normal load, which indicates high possibility of slipping for runners. The performance of polyurethane wear is affected by the density of fibers per unit area, whereas the friction decreased with decreasing the number of fibers. On the other hand, the friction increased with increasing the fiber thickness and length.

   

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Title: Design of an information system for recording and monitoring blood pressure
Author (s): Laura Daniela Mendez Marulanda, Albeiro Cortes Cabezas and Jose de Jesus Salgado Patron
Abstract:

Over the years, the rate of people with blood pressure problems, whether hypertension, hypotension or heart failure, has increased drastically. This is due to the lifestyle that society has adopted, since it has left very important aspects for health such as a healthy diet and exercise. Over time this lifestyle has triggered a significant degradation of health, especially in the cardiovascular aspect. Which can be avoided with a better lifestyle and with monitoring and control of our blood pressure to perform a constant analysis of the behavior of this variable. That is why, through this work, the implementation of a blood pressure monitoring and recording system based on the FIHR standard of the HL7 family has been proposed. The main objective is to provide patients with a mobile application that allows them to adequately control their blood pressure and their records, so that timely preventive measures can be taken by analyzing these records.

   

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Title: Cooling strategies in the biological systems and termite mound: the potential of emulating them to sustainable architecture and bionic engineering
Author (s): Amatal Raof Abd Ullah, Ismail Bin Said and Dilshan Remaz Ossen
Abstract:

Biomimicry, the science of emulating nature’s strategies, has remarkably contributed to solving many of human problems in different fields. This paper studied the potential of interpreting some of the nature mechanisms to reduce or eliminate energy consumed for cooling purposes. It highlights three of most effective cooling and thermo-regulating strategies in extreme environments which are accomplished through morphological features. For the first two strategies, a comparative analysis of a mutual thermoregulatory mechanism was conducted for four different organisms. The third strategy listed four of the related hypotheses interpreted termite mound’s mechanism of thermoregulation. The study concluded to draw the working principles of each strategy that can contribute to design eco-friendly and passive cooling systems for bionic engineering and architecture. It is assumed that applying thermoregulation strategies will lead to creative designs with significant energy saving.

   

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Title: Feasibility study of the installation of an additional “over lift” wing on the ch47 Chinook for cruise performance improvement through the lift-compound approach
Author (s): Luca Piancastelli, Luca Bragaglia, Marco Cremonini, Stefano Cassani and Eugenio Pezzuti
Abstract:

The tandem rotor configuration is particularly convenient for the lift-compound approach in helicopters. In fact, the additional wing is positioned between the two rotors in an area that is marginally interested by the airflow in vertical flight. On the contrary, in horizontal flight, the airflow accelerated by the frontal rotor directly invest the wing improving its lift. A very thin wing with a short chord and a relatively large span can be manufactured with the same technology of the rotor blades. If this wing is fixed without control surfaces, the additional weight can be extremely limited. A concave-convex high lift airfoilcan be used. This airfoil is relatively stiff due to the large bending moment of inertia. A skin stressed structure can be used for the additional wing to obtain also a large torsional stiffness. This lightweight wing can be installed on the helicopter when required and it can be optimized to a defined flight condition. In our case the optimization was performed for cruise. With a very limited weight increment and with a lift penalty within the simulation approximations, the cruise fuel consumption can be halved. The result is impressive for ferrying and long range passenger transport operations, where load capacity can be fully exploited only by increasing the fuel load. In this case a helicopter like the Chinook can perform long range missions with a significant increase in operational capability.

   

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Title: Detection of oscillatory transients using Morphological Transform
Author (s): P. Hariramakrishnan and S. Sendilkumar
Abstract:

This paper presents the Mathematical Morphology Transform (MMT) signal processing technique for the detection of oscillatory transients due to capacitance switching in a power distribution system. The oscillatory transient is simulated and processed to the MMT technique, generating Structural Element (SE) from which it obtained the value of energy and standard deviation for the samples of power system transient and is classified. The classified output showed that the MMT had more compatibility in identifying the power quality disturbances.

   

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