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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences December 2019 | Vol. 14 No. 23 |
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Title: |
Optical analysis of solar rays on Fresnel lenses coupled to parabolic
cylindrical concentrator receiver |
Author (s): |
Angelica Palacios, Dario Amaya and Olga Ramos |
Abstract: |
Fresnel lenses have been used as high concentration elements, in solar
collection systems such as photovoltaic panels and collectors, to
improve the optical and thermal efficiency; which in many cases don’t
present a good thermal behavior, due to the climatic conditions of study
site. Therefore, this work presents the analysis of the incident ray
optics on concentration lenses, coupled to parabolic cylindrical
collector receiver tube, in Bogotá city; in order to improve the thermal
transfer phenomena of the capture system. For this purpose, we
calculated different solar angles that influence the incident rays on
the Earth's surface, such as azimuth, zenith and slope, as a basis for
obtaining the incident angles in the lens and then the respective
refractive angles when concentrate, towards the focal spot (receiver).
Subsequently, parameters such as thickness, focal length and its
relation to the concentration factor of the lens were analyzed in order
to validate the characteristics of the lens. Finally, the effective
radiation on the collector system, as well as the thermal behavior of
both the fluid and the solid, was evaluated through computational
dynamic simulation. The solar angles, incidents and refracted in the
Fresnel lens in the range between 6:00 am and 4:00 pm hours, in each
month are presented in this work; from this the efficiency of the lens
at midday was 82.5%, and specifically on the wedge of this one, an
efficiency of 96.3% was obtained. Temperatures higher than 200 °C were
reached in the fluid circulating in the receiver. |
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Title: |
Influence of injection timing on the performance and emissions of a dual
fuel engine |
Author (s): |
Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor, Samsuri Abdullah, Aima Ramli, Noorlin Mohamad,
Marzuki Ismail and Daniel B. Olsen |
Abstract: |
In this work, a 6.8L John Deere 6068H compression ignition engine is
coupled with an aftermarket dual fuel kit and converted to dual fuel
engine. This dual fuel kit enables the diesel engine to run on diesel
and gaseous fuels. The engine is a six-cylinder turbocharged after
cooled
four-stroke cycle diesel engine. The engine has a maximum power output
of 205kW at 2400rpm and the compression ratio is 17:1. The experiment is
conducted to investigate the effect of injection timing variations on
the combustion and emissions in dual fuel engine. The dual fuel engine
is tested through five different load points while the speed is
maintained constant at 1800rpm. The gaseous fuel used is natural gas and
the performance characteristics are compared with baseline dual fuel
engine with nominal injection timing. The dual fuel engine has a nominal
injection timing of 6.5° before top dead center (BTDC) at 12, 25, 50 and
75% loads and 4.8° BTDC at 100% load. The injection timings are then
varied between 0° to 16° BTDC. Data for combustion duration, ignition
delay, peak pressure, combustion stability, nitrogen oxides (NOx),
carbon monoxides (CO) and total hydrocarbon emissions are presented.
Results showed that by advancing the timing away from the nominal start
of injection (SOI) timing, useful power is increased over 70%. The
combustion stability is also increased with these advancements. Whereas,
the ignition delay and flame propagation does not show any improvement
as the ignition starts or earlier than the nominal timing. Hydrocarbons
and CO emissions are reduced over 30% at advanced SOI at intermediate
BMEP, however NOx emission increases at advanced injection timings with
over 30% increment at all BMEPs. |
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Title: |
Finite Fourier sine integral transform method for the elastic buckling
analysis of doubly-symmetric thin-walled beams with Dirichlet boundary
conditions |
Author (s): |
Onyedikachi Aloysius Oguaghamba, Charles Chinwuba Ike, Edwin Uchechukwu
Ikwueze and Iheanyichukwu O. Ofondu |
Abstract: |
The finite Fourier sine transform method was used in this work to solve
the elastic buckling problem of thin-walled beams for the case of pinned
ends, and uniform moments applied at the ends. The problem is a boundary
value problem given by a fourth order ordinary differential equation and
Dirichlet boundary conditions at the pinned ends. The Dirichlet boundary
conditions at the pinned ends make the finite Fourier sine transform
method ideally suited for the solution. The transformation of the
governing domain equation converted the problem to an algebraic eigen-value
problem. The condition for nontrivial solution was used to obtain the
characteristic buckling equation as a fourth degree polynomial. The
eigen-values of the characteristic buckling equation were used to obtain
the n buckling moments. The critical buckling moment was found to
correspond to the first buckling mode. The expressions obtained for the
n buckling modes and the critical buckling moment were identical to
those by other researchers who used other methods of analysis. |
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Title: |
Various techniques to evaluate carbonaceous source rock as an
unconventional gas reservoir |
Author (s): |
Maqsood Ahmad, Ou Kuan Ee, Asif Zamir and Zia Ud Din |
Abstract: |
Organic geochemical data of 17 outcrops which were collected in
underground mines of Jammu regions of Northwest Himalaya, India was
obtained from a published research paper (Mani et al., 2014) in order to
study the potential of source rock as an unconventional gas reservoir.
The data was obtained by using TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite
reflectance. Even though TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis is the most basic
technique used in source rock evaluation, however, these techniques are
quite strange for a beginner who has no experience in conducting
pyrolysis. Hence, this project involved a case study to learn the
techniques to evaluate source rock by using data obtained from various
techniques. TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis data shows that the total organic
carbon (TOC W%) of Eocene Subathu shales ranged from 2.42 to 30.4%. High
TOC value showing that Eocene Subathu shales are good quality source
rock with high organic content. Besides that, the values of free
hydrocarbon in the source rock (S1) and those hydrocarbon generating
through thermal cracking (S2) also observed to be high (S1 ranged from
0.1 to 2.66 and S2 ranged from 0.51 to 15.54 mg HC/g rock). In terms of
thermal maturity, the value of Tmax obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis
observed to be high (Tmax> 4500C for all samples) and vitrinite
reflectance also showing a high Ro value (Ro>1.5%) indicates that Eocene
Subathu shales are post-mature source rock falls at a dry gas stage.
According to HI and OI correlation, organic matter in Eocene Subathu
shales showing characteristics of an over-mature gas prone Type III
kerogen with fair to excellence gas generating potential. |
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Title: |
Modeling of a beam foundation using an improved
Winkler theory and
Maxima (GNU) |
Author (s): |
Myriam Rocio Pallares M., Daniel Sabogal Perdomo and Rodrigo Rojas
Cortes |
Abstract: |
A local analysis of a foundation, based on Winkler's theory, was
performed, in which a foundation line is idealized as a beam supported
on uniformly distributed elastic supports. The deformability of the soil
is represented by deformable supports idealized as displacement springs,
and its stiffness constants depend on both the ground and the foundation
used. A method was implemented in which the foundation is idealized as a
beam, but unlike the Winkler Theory, the separation (loss of contact)
between the ground and the foundation was allowed when normal tensile
forces on the foundation were developed, and the interaction of the soil
laterally (interaction between the springs) was added. These analyzes
were proposed by means of matrix stiffness methods using the formulation
of the beam-column element and considerations of the Winkler and Akin
theory, implementing a case study in Maxima (GNU) which is contrasted
with models performed in the finite element software, SAP2000 and Ansys,
to validate the results. Finally, the results were compared, and the
percentage change was established to conclude that it is possible to
perform a realistic model of the structural problem of a foundation on
elastic basis using matrix stiffness methods based on the beam-column
element and the interaction of contact between the two elastic elements. |
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Title: |
Irrigation of spinach plant with RO desalinated sea water |
Author (s): |
Sh. El Rafie, Elaila H. I. and M. S. Shalaby |
Abstract: |
An approach for recovery of used seawater after reaction of magnesium
metal with citric acid for hydrogen gas production and precipitation of
magnesium as magnesium gluconate, the water left is desalinated by
reverse-osmosis technique. A spiral wound RO commercial membrane module
was used in prototype unit. Different concentrations of remediated
seawater were mixed to form required water salinities for spinach
irrigation to be applied in rural areas where there is no other water
supply. Results of irrigation showed that addition of 1000 ppm, 650 ppm,
350 ppm almost gave the best treatments with fresh, dry, weight and NPK
as compared with 150 and 200 ml. |
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Title: |
Solving the stochastic point-kinetic equations using Milstein’s method
from the Itô Lemma |
Author (s): |
Daniel Suescun-Diaz, Daniel E. Cedeno-Giron and Freddy Humberto Escobar |
Abstract: |
In this work we deduce Milstein’s iterative scheme of Itô-Taylor
expansion from the Itô Lemma. This scheme allows solving numerically
stochastic differential equations. Particularly, we apply this scheme to
the stochastic point kinetics model, which is more adequate to describe
the stochastic behavior of the neutron population inside a nuclear
reactor. The results are obtained using numerical experiments using
MATLAB, considering one and six groups of neutron precursors with
constant reactivities, different time steps, initial conditions and
Wiener processes. These results are compared with values reported on the
literature and with the deterministic point kinetic model. With the
comparison we show that the Milstein model is efficient in the numerical
solution to the stochastic point kinetic equation. |
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Title: |
Lateral load behavior of light gauge steel section enchased with light
weight concrete frame |
Author (s): |
Sai Anuroop Y. and Syed Abdul Rahaman |
Abstract: |
This project is aimed to reduce the conventional properties by including
palm kernel shell, light gauge steel sections. Cold-formed steel has
been widely used in modern day construction industry. The property of
the cold-formed steel makes it economic and feasible. Cold-Formed Steel
Column has provided its usefulness in the structural applications of the
constructions like individual structural framing members and panel
decks. The advantage of cold rolled steel is that it can be utilized for
the production of elements with required shape to length of required
dimensions. High strength to weight proportion is accomplished in cool
rolled items. In my study, analysis of composite frame 2 storey, single
bay. ANSYS software is used for modelling and analysis of composite
frame. The analysis and result in terms of stress, strain and
displacement with respect of time and ductility. |
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Title: |
Sponge iron plant feasibility study in Kalimantan, Indonesia |
Author (s): |
Nurhadi Wibowo, Rahmat Nurcahyo and Djoko Sihono Gabriel |
Abstract: |
The abundance of mineral resources in Indonesia especially iron ore and
the regulations supporting mineral and coal mining to producer search
that aims to estimate the feasibility of an investment and the cost of
investment development of iron ore pellets processing industry in
Indonesia, to evaluate the feasibility of various analysis consists of
market analysis, technical analysis, organizational analysis, and
financial analysis. This study analyzed the risk of financial
investments and taking into account the financial resources and ability
to repay the cost of principal and payment of interest on the loan from
the bank with an interest rate of14%. Capital budgeting calculations
were done, resulting NPV IDR84, 589, 784, 996 and IRR39, 18% making
investment development of iron ore pellets processing industry can be
said to be feasible because the IRR is above the MARR value that is
equal to20%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the factors that affect
the investment are the selling price of raw materials and finished
product supporter and a price that will be sold to the market. |
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Title: |
Digital image-in-image watermarking for copyright protection and
authentication |
Author (s): |
K. Butchi Raju and Chinta Someswara Rao |
Abstract: |
The internet is an outstanding distribution and
sales channel for digital assets, but copyright compliance and content
management can be a challenge. If you distribute electronic images, be
it online or CDs and other portable media, you are risking digital
piracy. These days, digital images can be utilized
- with or without consent everywhere. For the consent of the person's
authentication and copyright, in this paper a digital image watermarking
is proposed. The suggested digital watermarking is a method which allows
a person to add invisible copyright images or notices or text messages
to image and documents. In this paper, a invisible watermarking is proposed for
authentication and copyright protection. This mechanism calculates the
checksum for watermark and embedded within the original image at random
pixels. This mechanism does not disturb the original image quality and
key factors. So that intruder or unauthorized person does not
identifying hiding information. From the results of the experiment, it is also
observed that proposed method not only produces the quality watermarked
images but also produces the quality check sum that will used for
authentication. |
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Title: |
Development of vehicle ignition using fingerprint |
Author (s): |
Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh, Win Adiyansyah Indra, Adam Wong Yoon
Khang, Vadym Shkarupylo and Dhanigaletchmi A. P. P. Jkatisan |
Abstract: |
This paper is about building a prototype of vehicle ignition using
fingerprint sensor. This system can prevent the vehicles from being
stolen. It is developed to control the ignition of the vehicle through
the fingerprint scanner. This system consists of GSM SIM 900 that
connects to the Arduino which is the microcontroller of the project. To
make sure the system is secure, only authorized fingerprint is paired
with the Arduino to start the ignition. Vehicles ignite when the
enrolled fingerprint is matched against the fingerprints in the database
while users with no match in the database are prevent from igniting the
vehicle. A theft alarm from buzzer, a notification to the owner’s mobile
phone via GSM SIM 900 and status display in the LCD are the appropriate
signal to the owner. This article describes briefly in detail about the
design and implementation of the ignition system. |
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Title: |
Comparison of soil classifications between residual soil, granitic and
sedimentary residual soils in Northern Malaysia |
Author (s): |
Damanhuri Jamalludin, Masyitah Md Nujid, Azura Ahmad, Zulfairul Zakariah
and Fauziah Ahmad |
Abstract: |
A total 285 disturbed soil samples in residual soil were collected from
10 stable slopes and 29 slope failures in Penang and Baling. A total of
151 disturbed soil samples were taken from the granitic residual soil in
Penang while another 134 disturbed soil samples were obtained for the
sedimentary residual soil in Baling. To determine the soil
classifications, sieve and hydrometer tests were conducted on the
disturbed soil samples. The objective of this research is to determine
soil types existed in residual soil, granitic and sedimentary residual
soils taken from the stable slopes and the slope failures especially in
the residual soil, granitic and sedimentary residual soils in the
Northern Malaysia. The aims of this research are also to check the
distribution types and to determine the mean values of the percentages
of gravel, sand, silt and clay of the residual soil, granitic and
sedimentary residual soils in the Northern Malaysia. Normal
distributions were found not to be the best fit distributions for the
variations of the percentages of gravel, sand, silt and clay the three
residual soils taken in the Northern Malaysia. The ranges of the
percentages of gravel, sand, silt and clay for the all residual soils
found in this study were very close or within the ranges that were found
by the earlier researchers. |
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Title: |
Tropospheric ozone variability over Iraq as observed using remotely
sensed data |
Author (s): |
Ali M. Al-Salihi, Assad Q. Saleh and Zainab Q. Salih |
Abstract: |
This study explored the use of satellite data to monitor tropospheric
ozone (O3) mixing ratio at 925 hpa over Iraq. The ozone monthly data
acquired by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board Aqua Satellite
mission, during the year 2017-18 were employed. Seasonal and monthly
variations of the O3 distribution were investigated and compared using
the results of the spatiotemporal analysis for four main Iraq cities
(Mosul, Rutba, Baghdad and Basra). The O3 monthly distribution shows
important spatiotemporal variation values over study area, with a
maximum in spring and summer season, and minimum in fall and winter
season. Ozone average and standard deviation values during entire
observation period was (41.98±1.18) ppbv, where the northern regions
have the maximum values range between (51.35-51.75) ppbv in April and
May at Mosul, and the minimum values were found during December over all
Iraq area especially over middle and southern regions (31.67-32.22) ppbv
in Baghdad and Basra respectively, due to various meteorological
processes and transport of pollutants to Iraq regions. Consequently, the
study information can be useful for monitoring O3 emission over Iraq. |
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Title: |
Inherent characteristics of spurious oscillation in the solution of
scalar convection-dominated problem |
Author (s): |
Aslam Abdullah |
Abstract: |
Various cases of scalar convection-dominated equation have been
investigated by lots of researchers not only for its applications in
many engineering problems, but also as test cases to improve the
understanding in the other two aspects; firstly, in the testing of a
numerical scheme, and secondly, in the analysis of numerical issues in
the solution itself. In this paper, we consider the last aspect. In
particular, we investigate the cases involving different Dirichlet
boundary conditions when the scalar convection-dominated flow is steady,
as well as transient flow. Such investigation focuses on spurious
oscillation in the solution of the equation. The oscillation is first
modelled by means of Fourier series. Then we take a closer look into the
oscillation’s characteristics in each individual case. We show that some
of the characteristics is inherent in each case. The criteria to avoid
such oscillation is verified against the solution itself, and some
apparent anomalies are identified. |
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Title: |
Base thickness optimization of a vertical series junction
Silicon solar
cell under magnetic field by the concept of back surface recombination
velocity of minority carrier |
Author (s): |
Gora Diop, Hamet Yoro Ba, Ndeye Thiam, Youssou Traore, Babou Dione,
Mamour B. A., Pape Diop, Masse Samba Diop and Oulimata Mballoand Gregoire
Sissoko |
Abstract: |
In this work, a method to determine the optimum thickness of a vertical
series junction silicon solar cell by the intersection of back surface
recombination velocities is proposed. The vertical series junction
Silicon solar cell is studied under magnetic field inducing the
diffusion coefficient D (B). The optimum base thickness is obtained by
intersection of two back surface recombination velocities curves whose
the expressions are function base thickness and magnetic field. |
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Title: |
Development of a Machine Vision system for quality control of fruits |
Author (s): |
Aaron Don M. Africa, Emmanuel C. Del
Rosario, Joshua Vincent G. Legal and Raine Mattheus C. Manuel |
Abstract: |
The study aims to produce a theoretical design of a Machine Vision
system. The system will be capable of looking for and identifying
fruits, especially oranges, that are about to spoil. The system will
make use of image processing to identify oranges and determine whether
they are about to go bad. The system will serve as quality control that
can be utilized by manufacturers and suppliers. The system is designed
to be accurate, reliable and consistent as opposed to the human eye
which is more susceptible to errors. The process of the system is as
follows: the input of the images of fruits to the system, the
identification of the orange using edge detection, the identification of
dark spots, molds or skin peeling off the orange, and the identification
that the orange is no longer qualified produce. The process that the
system follows ensures the capability of the system to check for oranges
that are about to go bad. |
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Title: |
Orthopedic Calf Cast using anti oxidative FS3200PA Nylon 3D
printing:
Design and optimization |
Author (s): |
Mohamed Saiful Firdaus Hussin, Mohammad Rafi Omar, Khairul Azri Azlan,
Arman Hadi Azahar, Zulkefli Ismail and Fatin Farhana Rosli |
Abstract: |
Current cast design such as heavy plaster cast come up with many
disadvantages to patient like discomfort and itchy skin. Most of the
hospitals in Malaysia are still using traditional custom made cast which
is made by paris and mold that cannot be recycled. The objectives of
this project were to design custom fit orthopedic cast and to optimize
the weight of cast that used material of FS3200PA Nylon powder that has
generally good anti-oxidative properties and not harmful to health.
Computer Aided Design (CAD) software and Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
computer software were used to design and optimize the shape and
geometry of calf cast. T-Scan LV system is used for scanning process.
The load applied for simulation are 981 N, 784.8 N, and 588.6 and the
thickness varies between 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. Safety factor of 1.0 = s.f
= 3.0 is considered in selecting the acceptable combination. Fabrication
of the cast had been made by used the Farsoon SS 402P laser sintering
system. Through optimization and analysis, three combination of the
models are proven to be a safe-to-use model. |
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Title: |
Efficient spatial data management by Apache Spark |
Author (s): |
R. Shiva Shankar, V. Priyadarshini, J. Raghaveni and Ch. Vinod Varma |
Abstract: |
Nowadays one of the biggest concerns on different organizations around
the digital world being generate enormous data at high velocity, which
increase extremely over the last few decades. A more constantly
witnessed almost 90% of the world data has been drastically produced
from last decade. Today’s modern world significantly depends on big data
tool such as apache spark as the de facto framework are being able to
establish several solutions for the process and analyze enormous
structured and unstructured data sets, even though still lack about
complete support especially for spatial data analysis. Therefore this
work focus an extremely high-overall performance on temporal spatial
data corresponding programming framework is designated for its
extensibility and high performance to mixed together on big data
innovations since which is essential to deal mostly with the rapidly
growing spatial information. In this paper, we discuss the impact of one
of the known solutions is apache spark, one of extremely fast streaming
framework at all for massive-large scale data management, then we really
describe an advanced strategy to processing massive spatial information.
We also explore the spatial data framework integrate with Resilient
Distributed Datasets (RDD) geometric data framework which is
specially-designed regarding in-memory distributed and parallel
computing framework to extremely support various iterative algorithms. |
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Title: |
Stairway control of buck power supplies in parallel configuration |
Author (s): |
Elmer R. Magsino |
Abstract: |
Power supplies are configured in parallel to provide higher current
demand to the load, while achieving modularity by using low-power power
converter modules. However, in some cases, redundancy of power
converters is installed to provide safety in case of overload and
breakdown of a module. In such case, the wear and tear of all modules
vary depending on what the load side present. We present in this work a
basic control for ensuring that power module utilization is
approximately equal for all modules in the parallel configuration. Our
proposed control methodology turns ON/OFF a module based on the current
load scenario. By switching the utilization of these modules, our
control can display a stairway waveform while regulating the output
voltage and supplying the necessary current. We demonstrate our control
structure through simulations of various static and dynamic loading
conditions, while considering error in current sharing of working power
modules. |
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Title: |
Numerical analysis of novel tip shapes in
a turbine cascade |
Author (s): |
Sarath R. S. and Sijin D. |
Abstract: |
The
work aims at analyzing the blade tip modification effects in a gas
turbine flow. The high losses associated with turbine flows will
drastically influence the performance parameters of gas turbines. A
small amount of loss reduction will bring about greater efficiency and
higher cost reduction in gas turbine industries. In the present work,
tip modifications in the form of plane tip, double side squealer tip and
pressure side squealer tip were numerically analyzed. The analysis was
done using the commercial software ANSYS 14. Three tip clearance cases
was analyzed and compared in the present study. The results showed that
tip modifications reduced the aerodynamic losses considerably. The
modified blade geometries can be considered as a potential candidate in
gas turbine industry which can bring about greater loss reduction in
blade tip areas. |
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