Title: |
Effect of
ultrasonic frequency on chemical etching process |
Author (s): |
Yasmeen Z.
Dawood, Ali H. Al-Hamdani and Mehdi Q. Zayer |
Abstract: |
In this work, ultrasonically
enhanced chemical etching was employed to fabricate porous
silicon layer. Porous silicon layer was fabricated in p-type
(111) orientation silicon by using HF solution, and HNO3.
It was found the structure of porous silicon layer on p-type
Si was improved by ultrasonic. Porous silicon micro cavities
with much higher quality factors can be fabricated by this
method. The improved quality induced by ultrasonic etching can
be ascribed to increased rates of escape of hydrogen bubbles
and other etched chemical species from the porous silicon
pillars' surface. The effect is attributable to effective
change in the concentration of free holes carriers. Ultrasound
has led to indicating probably a change in bonding
configuration, and increase in oxidation. Also, a correlation
was established between the ultrasonic treatment and the
microstructure. |
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Title: |
Adapting
runge - kutta learning algorithm in anfis for the prediction of
cod from an up-flow anaerobic filter |
Author (s): |
Vijayabhanu.
R. and Radha. V. |
Abstract: |
Water consumes vast area in the
earth’s surface and safe drinking water is essential for
humans and other organisms to survive in the world.
Eliminating waste matters from water is the necessary
requirement nowadays. The ultimate purpose of wastewater
treatment is the protection of good quality water which is the
most priceless resource. Use of Artificial Neural Network
(ANN) models is gradually increasing to predict wastewater
treatment plant variables. This detection helps the operators
to take proper action and manage the process accordingly as
per the norms. Anaerobic processes are often preferred to
aerobic processes for treating waste streams that contain high
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations. Up-flow Anaerobic
Filter (UAF) is a common process used for various anaerobic
wastewater treatments. COD is used to measure the strength (in
terms of pollution) of waste water. COD level in the effluents
of the UAF determines the pollutants in the wastewater. The
proposed method uses cheese whey as an influent. It is tested
in the anaerobic reactor using COD test to predict the level
of oxygen requirement of the effluent. Predicting the effluent
parameters is a time consuming process when using Classical
Models as it involves complexity and high non-linearity. Hence
the proposed method uses an efficient technique namely Z-Score
Normalization technique as a preprocessing step, Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) for feature selection process and
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with RungeKutta
Learning Method (RKLM) as a learning algorithm is used for
prediction of COD. Experiments conducted on a real data
indicates that the application of Z-Score normalization
schemes followed by a PSO feature selection and ANFIS with
RKLM prediction results in better performance compared to
other methods. |
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Title: |
Nile perch fish scales a novel
biofilm carrier in the anaerobic digestion of biological
pre-treated Nile perch fish solid waste |
Author (s): |
Kassuwi S. A.
A., Mshandete A. M and Kivaisi A. K. |
Abstract: |
Improved stability and anaerobic
digestion (AD) process in a packed bed bioreactor can be
achieved if bacterial consortia are retained in the process
through the use of biofilms carriers. Three methanogenic
biofilms carriers for biomass retention were studied to
evaluate the performance of methanogenesis AD of Nile Perch
fish solid wastes pre-treated by bacterial culture coded
(CBR-11). The carrier material evaluated consisted of sisal
fibre waste, pumice stones and Nile perch fish scales. Process
performance was investigated by increasing the organic loading
rate (OLR) step-wise. The best results were obtained from the
bioreactor packed with Nile perch fish scales. It had the
lowest total volatile fat acids (TVFA) accumulated at OLR in
the range of 1-12 g volatile solids (VS)/l/d. The degradation
pattern showed that the TVFAs was limiting at higher OLRs. The
pH profiles showed an increasing pattern with an increase in
OLRs. The pH was low (8-8.3) at low OLRs (1-6) gVS/l/d and
increased to a higher level (8.3-8.7) at higher OLR (9-12) gVS/l/d.
Despite the high pH level reached, the bioreactor packed with
fish scales had a good ability to withstand the changes in
load and VFA concentrations shocks that can occur in packed
bed anaerobic bioreactors. In conclusion Nile perch fish
scales was demonstrated to be potential novel biofilms carrier
that would work well in methanogenic biofilms bioreactors
treating fish solid waste. Moreover, Nile perch solid fish
wastes and fish scales are available within the vicinity,
which could make AD scale-up at fish processing industry
feasible and cost effective. |
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Title: |
Enhanced
bacterial foraging algorithm for permutation flow shop
scheduling problems |
Author (s): |
Shivakumar B
L and Amudha T |
Abstract: |
Biologically Inspired algorithms are a kind of
algorithms that imitate the problem solving behavior from
biological species. Bio-inspired computing is a subset of
Nature-inspired computing that focus on social behavior and
emergence of biological species. Bacterial Foraging algorithm
is a relatively new biologically inspired optimization
technique based on the foraging behaviour of E. coli bacteria.
This paper deals with one of the
significant types of scheduling problems, the permutation flow
shop scheduling problem. The competence of bacterial problem
solving and a proposed hybrid bacterial swarming technique
were analyzed by applying them to benchmark problems of
permutation flow shop. A comparative analysis of the
results indicates the improvement in scheduling efficiency in
terms of reduced cost through the application of bio-inspired
techniques. |
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Title: |
MV electrical
network maintenance strategy: a new management approach |
Author (s): |
Mahmoudi
Morad, El barkany Abdellah and El khalfi Ahmed |
Abstract: |
Today’s power electric
distribution networks in Morocco are operated in a market
sector or liberation is gradual. Managers the public
electricity distribution networks are required to provide a
number of reliability criteria, while minimizing the total
cost spent for efforts made in ensuring the assets and
maintain facilities in a proper condition to avoid degradation
of the infrastructure. Nevertheless, the availability of this
energy for a national emergent economy is very critical, seen
the geographical extent of the heritage of strategic assets of
networks throughout the country. However the network
implements important technical assets that were built and
developed over time that we can’t their reserve all the same
attention. The MV network asset maintenance activities need to
be prioritised as budget and planned maintenance work time is
often limited for all work to be carried out. Therefore we
must identify that need priority action for reduces the number
of operations while not compromising safety and efficiency and
focus efforts on the minority elements which cause the
majority of the harmful effects of the maintenance. However,
the purpose of this paper is to present the deployment of an
efficient management in order to establish a policy of
optimizing maintenance resources, and to develop an approach
for prioritizing maintenance work, to optimize spending, and
improve the Key performance indicators (KPI’s) of quality of
electricity supply (System Average Interruption Duration Index
(SAIDI), System Average Frequency Duration Index (SAIFI) and
Energy Not Supplied (ENS)). A statistical methodology is
adopted to develop a systematic approach based on a
multicriteria prioritization matrix, in the objective to
optimize the operational management of the maintenance works. |
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Title: |
Renewable
energy distributed electricity generation and microgrid
implementation in rural villages: a review |
Author (s): |
Mohammed
Yekini Suberu, Nouruddeen Bashir and Adefemi Ogundola Mathew |
Abstract: |
There is a growing concern over
the unprecedented increase in the demand for electrical energy
to elicit all sort of development in any part of the world.
Besides electricity needs for industrial development, much is
also desired to satisfy domestic energy consumption.
Presently, as much as 2 billion of human populations around
the world live without access to modern energy (electricity)
and approximately 98% of them dwelling in developing
countries. More to this ugly pervasiveness is that rural and
remote areas in developing countries are the major victims.
This energy deficiency condition vehemently justifies the
socio-economic disparity between industrialized and developing
countries on wider geographical range as well as urban and
rural areas on local scale. By analysis of documented
evidence, there is need to swiftly change the current pattern
of energy exploitation in developing countries to counteract
the poor energy access scenarios. This paper previews
renewable energy (RE) distributed generation (DG) and
microgrid (MG) for rural electrification purposes. It also
highlighted some important issues regarding effective DG
implementation which could be applicable in rural energy
design and planning procedures. Finally, some conceptual
discussions related to RE distributed generation and
integration in MG is outlined. |
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Title: |
Design
rectangular patch antenna for a dual-band by using different
slots indoor wireless systems |
Author (s): |
Karim A.
Hamad |
Abstract: |
Microstrip patch antenna with a dual-band
operating at 2.4 GHZ and 5.8 GHZ was designed. A dual-band
operation is achieved by loading the antenna with different
slots. Similar radiation characteristics at both bands of
operation. So that two operating bands covering
(2.3573-2.4476) GHZ, (5.5785-5.9653) GHZ can be achieved. The
results obtained by (CST-2010) software package. This antenna
is fed by a coaxial probe feeding. The antenna has a
directivity of 6.31dBi and 8.69dBi respectively. |
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Title: |
Presenting a
new lamination method for the elastic analysis of multilayer
cylindrical shells |
Author (s): |
Arash Ansari,
Yaser Mohamadi and Mohamad Taher Kamali |
Abstract: |
In this article, by using the lamination
theory, three hypothetical equations with unknown coefficients
have been considered for the modeling of the displacement
behavior of each layer of a shell in the cylindrical
coordinate system, which completely satisfy the natural and
geometrical boundary conditions. In this article, complete
continuity has been assumed between the layers of a multilayer
shell at their common boundaries, and this continuity is
modeled by considering the same behavioral equations at the
interface of two adjacent layers. By using the first law of
thermodynamics to obtain the total potential energy of the
layers, and by taking the derivative of this total energy
equation with respect to the unknown coefficients of
displacement equations and solving the resulting system, these
coefficients are determined. It is obvious that, by knowing a
shell’s displacement equations, the other quantities needed
for the analysis of the shell can be calculated as well. |
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