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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences
April 2010 | Vol. 5 No. 4 |
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Title: |
Strength
properties of glass fibre concrete |
Author (s): |
Chandramouli K, Srinivasa Rao P,
Seshadri Sekhar T, Pannirselvam N and Sravana P |
Abstract: |
The present day world is
witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult
civil engineering structures. Quite often, concrete being the most important
and widely used material
is called upon to possess
very high strength and sufficient workability properties.
Efforts are being made in the field of concrete
technology to develop such concretes with special
characteristics.
Researchers all over the world are attempting to develop high
performance concretes by using fibres and other
admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions.
In the view of the global
sustainable developments, it is imperative that fibres like
glass, carbon, polypropylene and aramid fibres provide
improvements in tensile strength, fatigue
characteristics,
durability, shrinkage characteristics, impact, cavitation,
erosion resistance and serviceability of concrete.
Fibres impart energy
absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to
fibre reinforced
concrete material
and these
characteristics in turn improve the fracture and fatigue
properties of fibre reinforce concrete research
in glass fibre reinforced
concrete resulted in the development of an alkali resistance
fibres high
dispersion that improved long term durability This system
was named alkali resistance glass fibre reinforced
concrete. In the present
experimental investigation the alkali resistance glass fibres
has been used to study the effect
on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength on M20, M30, M40 and M50 grades of concrete. |
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Title: |
Investigations on sawdust and palm kernel shells as aggregate
replacement |
Author (s): |
F. A. Olutoge |
Abstract: |
The high and rising costs of
building construction in developing countries have been a
source of concern to government and private developers. This
study investigated the use of saw dust and palm kernel shells
(PKS) as replacement for fine and coarse aggregates in
reinforced concrete slabs. Reinforced concrete slabs measuring
800 x 300 x 75mm were cast. Sawdust and PKS were used to
replace both fine and coarse aggregates from 0% to 100% in
steps of 25%. Flexural strengths were evaluated at 7, 14 and
28 days and compressive strengths were evaluated at 28 days.
Increase in percentage of sawdust or palm kernel shells in
concrete slabs led to a corresponding reduction in both
flexural and compressive strength values. It is seen that at
a low replacement value of 25% sawdust and PKS can produce
lightweight reinforced concrete slabs which could be used
where low stress is required at reduced cost. A weight
reduction of 14.5% and 17.9% was achieved for sawdust and PKS
replacement slabs respectively. It is also seen that the
reduction in cost up to 7.43% can be achieved for every cubic
meter of slab production with use of sawdust or palm kernel
shell. |
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Title: |
Performance
of mustard and neem oil blends with diesel fuel in C.I. engine |
Author (s): |
K. Anbumani
and Ajit Pal Singh |
Abstract: |
To study the feasibility
of using two edible plant oils mustard (Brassica nigra,
Family: Cruciferae) and neem (Azadirachta
indica, Family: Meliaceae) as diesel
substitute a comparative study on their combustion
characteristics on a C.I. engine were made. Oils were
esterified (butyl esters) before blending with pure diesel in
the ratio of 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 by volume. Pure
diesel was used as control. Studies have revealed that on
blending vegetable oils with diesel a remarkable improvement
in their physical and chemical properties was observed. Cetane
number came to be very close to pure diesel. Engine (C.I.) was
run at different loads (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 kg) at a
constant speed (1500 rpm) separately on each blend and also on
pure diesel. Results have indicated that engine run at 20%
blend of oils showed a closer performance to pure diesel.
However, mustard oil at 20% blend with diesel gave best
performance as compared to neem oil blends in terms of low
smoke intensity, emission of HC and NOx. All the
parameters tested viz., total fuel consumption, specific
energy consumption; specific fuel consumption, brake thermal
efficiency and cylindrical peak pressure were improved. These
studies have revealed that both the oils at 20% blend with
diesel can be used as a diesel substitute. Further,
esterified mustard oil at 20% blend satisfies the important
fuel properties as per ASTM specifications of biodiesel as it
lead to an improvement in engine performance and emission
characteristics without bringing any modifications in the
engine. |
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Title: |
A theme on
web marketing through web traffic |
Author (s): |
Nanhay Singh,
R. K. Chauhan, Raghuraj Singh, Navin Kumar Tyagi, A.K. Solanki
and Deepak Kumar Swain |
Abstract: |
In business, web traffic
analysis plays a greater role and it is relatively a new
market segment. With the development of World Wide Web (WWW),
companies are beginning to get more sophisticated about how
they use their web sites and want to know how to increase
their return on investment (ROI). This paper reviews the
business trends with web traffic analysis and presents
marketing research about what is most important to companies
and businessman in this segment and proposes to study the
different parts that a global web-marketing approach uses and
will also focus on the structure that can be deployed to
support web marketing. Web-marketing is a multipart work, and
it must always be linked to real world marketing. The days of
building a web site to simply tell people about your business
are over. Now, among plenty other features, you need user
interaction by allowing them to access reports, communicate
directly and purchase products. You need to be on time with
your services and up-to-date with your information in relation
to the marketplace. With true eBusiness; it is business
requirements, rather than technical elegance, that drive the
specification of the web site. Web sites become increasingly
personalized to the constituents they are trying to support,
namely, customers, investors, and employees. Web mining
enables new understanding of user goals on the web. This
understanding has broad applications and traditional mining
techniques such as association rules have been used in
business applications.Web
marketing is the process of growing and promoting an
organization using online media. Web marketing does not simply
mean building a website or promoting a website. Somewhere
behind that website is a real organization with real goals. |
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Title: |
Application
of fuzzy and PSO for DG placement for minimum loss in radial
distribution system |
Author (s): |
M. Padma
Lalitha, V. C. Veera Reddy and V. Usha |
Abstract: |
This paper presents a new
methodology using fuzzy and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
for the placement of Distributed Generators (DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile. A two-stage methodology is used
for the optimal DG placement. In the first stage, fuzzy
approach is used to find the optimal DG locations and in the
second stage, PSO is used to find the size of the DGs
corresponding to maximum loss reduction. The proposed method
is tested on standard IEEE 33 bus test system and the results
are presented and compared with an existing method. |
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Title: |
Model studies of the interaction of base-metal
containing minerals with some biological alteration compounds in
ore-bodied environment |
Author (s): |
Inegbenebor
Adedayo and Oginni Felix A. |
Abstract: |
Studies dealing with the complex
behaviors of some N-benzoyl and N-formyl amino acids, and
dipeptides with base-metal containing compounds were carried
out. The results indicate that coordination sites of
N-protected amino acids and dipeptides are different from
those of the free amino acids and peptides. Complexes of Zn
(II) with N-benzoyl derivatives of L-leucine, L-leucylglycine
and N-formyl derivatives of DL-valine, L-phenylalanine, DL-valylglycine
and L-phenylalanylglycine were prepared in the course of the
studies. The possible stereochemistry of these compounds have
been deduced with the help of analytical data, infrared
spectra (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and
differential thermal analysis (DTA). |
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Title: |
Developing a
new combined structural roofing system of domes and vaults
supported by cementitious straw bricks |
Author (s): |
Gihan L. K.
Garas, Hala G. El Kady and Ayman H. El Alfy |
Abstract: |
The primary objective of this
research was to develop a structural technique for roofing
rice straw buildings by domes and vaults through encouraging
the specification of innovative materials which may be more
sustainable than their traditional counterparts. This paper
examines the effectiveness of using rice straw cementitious
posts and walls as an innovative natural construction method
to support domes and vaults in straw bale buildings. Three
proposed mix ratios for rice straw cementitious bricks were
mechanically tested. A finite elements analysis of the
proposed roofing system was performed, to check the safety of
the roofing material, and their resultant reactions on the
rice straw bricks support. Different cases of loading were
applied including wind and settlement. Obtained results helped
in the decision making of the most economical and
environmental friendly brick mix. Besides, the results
emphasized that all stresses were within acceptable limits of
the Egyptian code of practice. |
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Title: |
Measurement
and estimation of very fast radiated electromagnetic fields in a
245kv gas insulated substation |
Author (s): |
J. V. G. Rama
Rao, J. Amarnath and S. Kamakshaiah |
Abstract: |
The
transient high frequency electric and magnetic fields are
generated in GIS systems during switching operations. In the
present work, the measurement of magnetic fields and electric
fields have been carried out at various locations of 245KV GIS
(Gas insulated substation) during closing operation of
disconnector switch 1(DS1) is considered. The results of
measured values are compared with the estimated values. The
results shows that transient electric and magnetic field
values are correlate with the measured values at bus link,
near current transformer (CT) and at cable termination , the
calculated values are slightly deviated from the measured
values when moves along with XLPE cable. This may be due to a
fast attenuation rate of electromagnetic fields with distance
away from the DS1. The frequency spectrum of the time varying
electric field and magnetic fields at various locations are
also estimated. The magnetic field at CT is exceeding standard
value during transient period, which is observed in both
calculated and measured cases this may leads to malfunctioning
of the secondary equipment connected to CT. The above results
gives a basic idea of modeling of GIS systems for the
estimation of high frequency electric and magnetic fields and
also helps in preparing electromagnetic chart for the
particular GIS system. These results are also use full in
order to prepare some precautionary protection measures to
avoid malfunctioning of secondary equipment and metering
equipment in a GIS systems. |
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Title: |
New parallel binary image thinning algorithm |
Author (s): |
A.
Jagan and V.
Kamakshiprasad |
Abstract: |
This paper
describes new parallel thinning algorithm for binary images.
The use of 3X3 mask for pixel deletability in parallel and
pixel deletion criteria needed to preserve the connectivity of
the image pattern is exclusively discussed. This algorithm
preserves the connectivity of an input image. The experimental
result shows the better performance in terms of thinning and
excessive erosion. |
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Title: |
Improvement
in direct torque control of induction motor using fuzzy logic
duty ratio controller |
Author (s): |
Y.
Srinivasa Kishore Babu and G. Tulasi Ram Das |
Abstract: |
This paper shows the application
of fuzzy logic based duty ratio control technique to reduce
torque ripple in an induction motor employing Direct Torque
Control (DTC). This technique increases the number of voltage
vectors beyond the available eight discrete voltage vectors
without any increase in the number of semiconductor switches
in the inverter. Look-up Table based on-line tuning PI
controller is proposed for outer speed control loop to achieve
swift response, less overshooting and precision speed control
to have wide torque-speed characteristics. A new algorithm for
optimized value of stator flux based on the maximum reference
value of electromagnetic torque is proposed to operate in
conjunction with duty ratio control. The performance of the
proposed drive system is evaluated through digital simulation
using MATLAB-SIMULINK package. The simulation results clearly
depict the superiority of devised method over the existing
methods of DTC. |
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Title: |
Simulation of
progressive failure prediction of filament wound composite tubes
subjected to multiple loading with membrane-flexion coupling
effects |
Author (s): |
Umar Farooq
and Karl Gregory |
Abstract: |
This study deals with the
computational modeling of ply by ply failure prediction of
filament wound composite tubes under internal burst pressure
and external compressive loads with consideration to bending
shear. Plates and beams resist transverse load through
flexural bending while pressure vessels, pipes, domes, caps
and shell like structural composite elements react to the load
through membrane forces. Bending stresses are usually
neglected in studying behaviour of such elements despite the
fact that the bending stresses affect damage modes. Standard
failure criteria do not exist for the fibre reinforced
composite structural elements hence failure predictions are
somewhat unreliable. To consider the flexural shear stresses,
methodology of comparative approach involving comparison of
failure predictions was adopted. Failure predictions from
Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu criteria were complemented herein with
comparison from Hashin’s criteria, which utilize such bending
stresses. Interaction of the internal pressure and compressive
loads were incorporated into the commercially available finite
element analysis software ‘ABAQUSTM. To evaluate
the effect of loads on deformation and induced changes in
tubes, the framework of analysis based on the finite element
method provides an exciting capability for analyzing the
effects of laminates’ lay-up, complicated interaction between
the formation of multiple matrix-cracks and de-lamination,
orientation and shear effects. Simulation model was developed
to use the built-in failure prediction facility of the Hashin
criteria. Simple steps were carried out using equations of the
other failure criteria to calculate and compare strength
parameters for failure predictions. The generated results
correlated well and have improved the confidence of accuracy.
Simulations can be repeated and extended for similar models
subjected to multiple loading. One set of the results
consisting of eight un-symmetric plies was selected for
presentation herein in the form of legend Tables, graphs and
contour plots. The study indicates that the approach is useful
to predict reliable failure predictions and design
improvements for composite wound tubes. |
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Title: |
Fuzzy logic
based HPWM-MRAS speed observer for sensorless control of
induction motor drive |
Author (s): |
Haseeb Khan
and J. Amarnath |
Abstract: |
The main aim of this paper is to
present hybrid space vector pulse width modulation (HPWM)
based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed observer
for sensorless control of induction motor drive. The proposed
method is designed by using the notion of stator flux ripple
and the switching times are calculated by utilizing the
concept of imaginary switching times that uses the
instantaneous values of the reference voltage of the three
phases. By using this method ripples present in the torque can
be minimized and also the speed performance can be improved in
the way that the error between the adaptive model speed and
the reference model speed is made as low as possible so that
the estimated speed is made as nearly equal as the speed of
the reference model. Also in this paper the conventionally
used PI controller in the adaptation mechanism of the MRAS
observer is replaced by a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In
conventionally used PI controller when the reference speed or
the load changes the control parameters are to be changed
manually but when a FLC is used in place of PI controller this
is not necessarily required. The fuzzy logic is also helpful
in keeping the speed relatively constant during the load
variations which can be seen from the simulation results. The
simulations of the proposed method are performed and the
results are presented to validate the proposed method. |
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