Pressure and pressure derivative analysis for a vertical well in wedged and T-Shaped reservoirs

Freddy Humberto Escobar, María Paula Polanco and Wilson Benavides

It is difficult to identify the mechanics of an underground reservoir and is even more difficult to identify the qualities of sites that have unusual forms. Pressure transient analysis is a tool that helps to understand what is happening inside the reservoir, understand the flow mechanisms at a macro level, and sometimes, however, they are not enough to identify flow channels generated by complex fault systems. Currently, there is not a methodology to characterize either wedge or T-shaped deposits by pressure transient testing. Then, this paper contains a careful analysis of different pressure behaviors on such systems, so numerical simulations were run for reservoirs systems considering T and wedge geometries having a well inside them in a variety of locations. The final product consists of developing an interpretation methodology using the pressure and pressure derivative log-log plot to characterize these types of reservoirs. The developed equations were succesfully tested with synthetic examples.

A Hs-Hybrid genetic improved fuzzy weighted association rule mining using enhanced hits algorithm

V. Vidya

Earlier the uninteresting rules can be shortened through the fuzzy weighted association rule mining with enhanced HITS algorithm that satisfies downward closure property as a consequence of assigning weights to items manually, which can reduce the execution time. In this FWARM there are two main issues of weight calculation, the foremost one is that the algorithm may not find out customers to describe the suitable membership function all the time, as a result it leads to spend lot of time and increases the profit loss. The next reason is that the customer’s wants to purchase items based on their requirements which are not to be fixed. Thus some more mechanisms are required to adapt the membership functions to these changes automatically and the demand decides on the number of optimum fine-tuning constraints. Also they should find out all predetermined membership functions of all items. To achieve this goal the genetic algorithms are often utilized to obtain a set of appropriate membership functions according to the designed fitness function. The main drawback of GA approach is making the new vector from the existing parent vectors. Also GA is not well suited for fine-tuning constraints and it is essential to incorporate local search methods into GAs. To overcome this problem in proposed work, genetic local search with the support of harmony search with fuzzy weighted association rule mining with enhanced HITS algorithm were performed. The main advantage in HS is from all existing vectors it makes a new vector. This will increase the flexibility in finding the better solutions. The experimental results shows that the proposed genetic based fuzzy weighted association rule mining with enhanced HITS algorithm is more effective when compared with the existing FWARM with enhanced HITS algorithm.

How to adopt innovative design in a sports car factory

Luca Piancastelli and Leonardo Frizziero

Inspired by an article which analyzes the implementation of an innovative system approach to a more sustainable and innovative design, the present paper would like to try to apply the same approach to a real case, inside of a famous Italian sportscar factory. A case study in this factory was developed and decoded gaining improved understanding of innovative system design and those factors that substantially influence its success. All the factors mentioned above are used, into the application presented in this paper, to achieve an ultimate optimization of the system.

Experimental investigation and analysation for the performance and emission test using citronella oil in twin cylinder diesel engine

Kiran Raj, S. Prabhakar and J. Rajesh Kumar

This Paper focused on the Citronella oil based bio diesel which is important renewable and alternative fuel in future. Citronella oil is used as a input for biodiesel production via transesterification. Diesel fuel is much higher use than any other gasoline fuels because diesel engines have many adaptabile domestic uses like small irrigation water pumbing systems, light weight four/two seated auto cab and car engine small electricity generators etc. Citronella biodiesel fuel properties are observed and tested in the fuel testing laboratory with standard procedure. Then an experimental set up is construct to study the performance of a small Kirloskar Diesel in the internal combustion engine by using different blends of Citronella Oil based biodiesel under different Operation Conditions. We have to determine the optimum performance of this citronella biodiesel. NOx emission from the test engine can be measured by chemical luminescent detector type NOx analyser.

Cycle analysis of linear compressors using three-dimensional CFD

I. Y. An and Y. L. Lee

Abstract:

In order to improve the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle or the heat pump cycle, it is important to improve the efficiency of a compressor. In this study, the authors intended to develop a three-dimensional numerical model that can predict the performance of a linear compressor. For this purpose, CFD model which can simulate the entire cycle was developed. The numerical analysis on the cooling capacity of two linear compressors was successfully conducted and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental results. In future, if considering the detailed valve behavior, the accuracy of the numerical analysis model can be further improved.

Effect of suction on unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils with different sand contents

Anuchit Uchaipichat

Abstract:

This paper presents the investigation of influence of matric suction on unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils with different sand contents. The matric suction within clay samples with cement contents of 0, 20 and 40 percent was applied using the suction chamber. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength increased with increasing matric suction for the matric suction range less than 50 kPa but decreased with increasing matric suction for the suction range greater than 50 kPa. The results also show that the unconfined compressive strength increases with increasing sand content for all values of matric suction. Furthermore, the values of unconfined compressive strength normalized by matric suction for the samples with different sand contents trend to converse to each other at high value of matric suction.

Most of the microstrip patch antennas are constructed on thin substrates with low dielectric constant. The demand of millimeter wave and monolithic fabrication increased the interest of thick substrates with high dielectric constant. The efficiency of the antenna will decreases with increase in substrate permittivity but size of the antenna also decreases. When substrate permittivity is decreased, then performance can be improved. The thicker substrates will increase the bandwidth but if it exceeds some point then surface wave losses will be affected. Thinner substrates will not give bandwidth enhancement but surface wave losses can be decreased. There is tradeoff between substrate material selection and the performance of the antenna and the size. Without changing the substrate material, the size reduction can be achieved by employing slots in the model. The purpose of this paper is to provide a set of output parameters of hybrid slot antenna with change in substrate permittivity. The performance evaluation of hybrid slot antenna is carried out by changing the dielectric constant of the materials by maintaining the constant thickness of 1.6mm.

Study of impact of climate change on water availability in the gumti hydropower plant, tripura, India using artificial neural network

Abstract:

Electricity is recognized as fundamental to industrialization and improving the quality of life of the people. Harnessing the immense untapped hydropower potential in Tripura region opens avenues for growth and provides an opportunity to improve the well-being of the people of the region, while making substantial contribution to the national economy. Gumti hydro power plant generates power to mitigate the crisis of power in Tripura, India. The first unit of hydro power plant (5MW) was commissioned in June 1976 and another two units of 5 MW was commissioned simultaneously. But out of 15MW capacity at present only 8MW-9MW power is produced from Gumti hydro power plant during rainy season. But during lean season the production reduces to 0.5MW due to shortage of water. Hence forecasting models are necessary to predict the future available water based on past and current information. Water prediction will tell us whether the coming years will be good, bad or average. Accordingly contingency measures can be planned well in advance. The present investigation tried to analyze the impact of climate change on availability of water in the Gumti Reservoir using Artificial Neural Network. In this regard a neural network model is developed and implemented for prediction of the volume of water in the reservoir due to the change in meteorological variables which is imminent for the future climate change scenarios as predicted by the PRECIS climate models. As per the model prediction there will be a deficit in the water availability of the reservoir. The level of deficit will be 25.17% in A2 scenario under peak flow conditions and 20.52% in lean flow condition for A1B scenario.

Abstract:

A bituminous paving mixture is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and bitumen mixed in suitable proportion to result strong and durable mix to withstand traffic load. In this paving mix, normally cement and stone dust are used as filler material. A study has been carried out in this study to explore the use of fly ash, a by-product of a coal based thermal power plant in bituminous paving mixes. For comparison, control mixes with cement and stone dust have also been considered. Marshall test has been considered for the purpose of mix design as well as evaluation of paving mixes. Other performance tests such as indirect tensile strength and retained stability have also been carried out. It is observed that the mixes with fly ash as filler exhibit marginally inferior properties compared to control mixes and satisfy desired criteria specified by a much higher margin. Hence, it has been recommended to utilise fly ash wherever available, not only reducing the cost of execution, but also partly solve the fly ash utilisation and disposal problems.

A highly constrained geometric problem: the inside-out-human-based approach for the automotive vehicles design

Luca Piancastelli, Leonardo Frizziero and Giampiero Donnici

Abstract:

The traditional automotive design process that starts from the sketches and the 2D drawings has been superseded by the modern CAD modeling tools. The step through the clay model and the following digitalization problems can be superseded. It is now possible to construct the inside and to define the ergonomic boundaries of the vehicle in an inside out process. This approach greatly reduces the time to market of the final product by including all the parts and the components that comes from other projects or from outsourcing. However a 1:1 (true scale) physical mock up of the vehicle is, in most the cases, still necessary. In fact the evaluation of the real aesthetics of the new project should be made in a true 3D environment. The inside-out approach optimizes the standardization, the outsourcing, the multi powertrains and the unified "platform" concepts.

The extensiveness of ICT application in the maintenance of government office buildings in Malaysia

Muhammad Redza Rosman, Hamimah Adnan and Zaharah Yahya

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has benefited many economic industries. The construction industry is also one of these industries that have improved in terms of quality, preservation, and also means of communication between parties of a building life-cycle. This paper aims to identify the extensiveness of ICT application in the maintenance of government office buildings in Federal Territoryof Putrajaya, Malaysia. Putrajaya has been selected as the focus of this study as it is the central administration of Malaysia. Primary data were obtained through interview sessions with the relevant parties including officers from the Public Works Department (JKR), planner from the Putrajaya master developer (Putrajaya Holding (PJH)) and also an officer from a construction company focusing on software for maintenance (Stagno Tech Sdn. Bhd.). It was found out that ICT is used extensively in terms of maintenance of the government office buildings and has provided a better means of communication for building occupants and building operators to communicate between each other. It was found out that the building occupants still prefer the old method of communication - that is by calling the maintenance call-centre. Nevertheless, the system used by Public Work Department for the maintenance of the said buildings i.e. CWORKS have proven effective as it stores, processes and transfers data and information from one party to another effectively. Allocation of resource, time, and responds to users who lodged the reports or complaints can be done much faster with the interconnectivity of the different parties through the system. Although ICT has proven effective so far, much more can be done to improve the building maintenance scenario. Perception of users towards ICT can be further improved by portraying more benefits of ICT in aspects of time, cost, quality and also comfort.

This paper presents the comparison of two algorithms used for the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The comparison was applied to two well-known oil-industry reservoir models in the Laplacian domain, for which the inversion is made and the results are plotted to establish comparison. Not only accuracy but also computing effort was studied. Although, the Iseger’s algorithm is computationally much heavier it handles more efficiently functions with discontinuities or functions having sharp changes. It was also observed in well tests that fulfilling the conditions relating time with the number of sample points leads to more stable inversions. It was also found that the greater the number of points to be inverted, the more accurate the solution. Moreover, the oversampling parameter nrp provides more stable solutions when it takes the value of three contrary to eight as initially proposed by Iseger.

Probabilistic approach to reliability evaluation of lifting wire ropes

Mouradi Houda, El barkany Abdellah and El biyaali Ahmed

Wire ropes are used for different applications in many industrial domains, for instance, lifting system. Depending on the conditions of use, wire ropes are being degraded with direct consequences are significant changes of geometric and mechanical characteristics of its components. This results in a reduction in the resistance capacity of the wire rope with time, which could bring failure. Two parameters are susceptible to depict this degradation: a continuous variable which is damage and a statistical variable which is reliability. Our work consists of studying the impact of the breaking of the wires which constitute the wire ropes on its duration. For that we will establish a model that will allow us to connect the two parameters (Damage and reliability) and we will thus broaden this link to the case of compound systems. We are equally proposing to develop a new model which permits providing the reliability of a wire rope in multiple levels of damage of its components. The method adopted is a multi-scale approach with a total decoupling between the scale of the wire and the wire rope.

Smart wearable prototype for visually impaired

Yokesh Babu Sundaresan, Kumaresan P, Saurabh Gupta and Waseem Ali Sabeel

Visually impaired individuals have relied on a variety of techniques to actively participate in society. There are many available technologies both wearable and non-wearable to assist them. These either provide them assistance in walking, or some help them to recognize things by audio or touch feedback. Our approach is to provide a low-cost wearable assistive system which can not only help blinds to navigate freely, but also tells them the time. The system will also enable a distant mobile user to monitor body vitals of the blind person and in case of any emergency the blind can call him with just one press of a button. So overall, the system provides not only aids to the blind, but also to his/her family members.

Comprehensive analysis and efficiency comparison of image stitching techniques

Raghav Mehrish, M. Jasmine Pemeena Priyadarsini, K. Murugesan, Srinivasa Rao Inbathini, A. Jabeena and S. Revathi

Panorama stitching or image stitching is gaining prominence in today’s world due to its applications in wide context aware imaging. The project aims on three different image stitching techniques and comparing their efficiencies and computational time. After the image is acquired, if the image parameters are unknown, feature detection and extraction is carried out without undistortion and cylindrical warping. In this case, the SIFT features are calculated from the acquired images and the images are translated based on the obtained homography. Then images are blended using alpha or weighted blending. If the image parameters, such as focal length and intrinsic parameters are known after image acquisition, the image first undergoes undistortion and warping. After that, two approaches are followed to compare efficiencies between the methods. The first approach involves the direct method in which the translation between the images is calculated with the need for features to reduce the calculated time manifolds and aid in faster translation approximation. And also feathering is performed to blend the images seamlessly and obtain the stitched image. In the second approach, the feature based method is used wherein the SIFT features are calculated for the image sets. Following this, the features are used to calculate the homography between the two images and determine the translation. Then, the images are stitched using a different blending technique called pyramid blending. This technique proves slightly more efficient than the previous technique due to computation of Laplacian and Gaussian pyramids of the images.

Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle paunch manure and Cow dung for biogas production

E. C. Chukwuma and L. C. Orakwe

The study was designed to determine the optimal mixing ratio of cattle paunch manure (PM) and cow dung (CD) in biogas production under tropical condition. The mixing ratio used were 100: 0, 75: 25, 50: 50, 25:75 and 0:100 for paunch manure and cow dung, respectively. The fermentation was carried out in five 30 litres digesters locally fabricated for 30 days. The biogas yields obtained were in the order of 50% PM + 50% CD > 75% PM + 25% CD > 100% PM + 0% CD > 25% PM + 75% CD > 0% PM + 100% CD. Thus, the optimum mixture ratio for paunch manure and cow dung obtained from this study is 50% PM + 50% CD mixture ratio with cumulative yield biogas of 76.42L/Total Mass of Slurry (TMS) within the period of study. The experimental data of all the treatments were fitted to Gompertz relation, which showed adequate fit.

Enhanced wavelet packet based un compressed video watermarking algorithm with frame selection and HVS criteria

T. Jayamalar and V. Radha

Digital video is a group of moving visual images, text and sounds. The popularity of using digital video in Internet leads to illicit copying and dispersal of content. Inorder to avoid this, video watermarking technique are used as a preventive measure for illegal copying of copyrighted material. In this paper, watermarking algorithm for identification of optimal frames and embedding of nested watermark using static block selection is proposed. The nested watermark is embedded in the uncompressed video data and is extracted without the use of original video sequences. These algorithms preserve the video quality and provide more security. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Normalized Correlation and Mean structure similarity index with respect to various attacks. Experimental evaluation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm perform satisfactorily compared to traditional algorithms in terms of payload, transparency and it is also robust against various attacks.

Innovative methodologies in mechanical design: QFD VS TRIZ to develop an innovative pressure control system

Leonardo Frizziero and Fabio Ricci Curbastro

A mechanical device to control kart’s tire pressure was developed. This valve must blow air when temperature’s tire and pressure rise with a not acceptable shape deformation and a corresponding modification of the vehicles trim. With the new solution, drivers can drive faster and more safely. Two design methods have been utilized: QFD and TRIZ. The first one, Quality Function Deployment, offers a clarification tool for organizing the information flow in a structured way, and TRIZ, Theory of Inventing Problem Solving, is an efficient tool in the discovering the solution principles. With TRIZ’s Table, technical and physical contradiction are put in evidence and eliminated to improve the robustness of the device. The two methods interact one another and offer the best path for the development of a new design.

Green homes development: factors affecting housing developers’ readiness

Housing can be inferred as an industry with activities that provide buildings and structures with the aim to fulfill the human needs for shelter, protection from any dangers and as a rest place after daily activities. The demand for housing keeps increasing in consistence with the rising number of global population as people seek for betterment of life in the modern civilization. The Malaysian housing industry experiences similar circumstances. However, Malaysian government has stressed that the provision of housing should be developed in a sustainable manner. In order to encourage sustainable practice in the housing industry, the government has urged the housing developers to develop green homes by introducing incentives in relation to green technology development as well as become a leader in green building design. Nevertheless, most of the housing developers are still reluctant to develop green homes. This study aims to identify factors that influence readiness of housing developers to develop green homes. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out within 395 housing developer firms and 249 questionnaires were duly returned. Statistical analyses such as descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data. This study found that there are three significant factors influencing Malaysian housing developers' readiness to develop green homes that comprise of government supports, external expertise supports and housing market readiness. This implies that government’s role, the availability of local green technology expertise and marketing research on housing market will facilitate the housing developers to develop green homes in Malaysia.

Particle swarm optimization technique for rule base optimization of FLC for low speed acc vehicle

Adaptive Cruise Control is used in vehicles for giving support to the drivers and to circumvent rear end collision. Due to the presence of nonlinearity in the vehicle (system), it is difficult to design an exact mathematical model of the system. Heuristic based fuzzy logic controller with optimized rule base, which does not require accurate mathematical modelling is proposed here which uses the knowledge of the designer for developing the rule base. The performance metrics in terms of better control and response time of the controller depends upon how well the rule base is formulated. More the number of rules in the rule base, higher the search time and increase in the total response time of the system but better will be the control. On the other hand, if the rules are less, then the search time will reduce which in turn decreases the total time of response of the system but control will be poor. In order to obtain an optimized control, the rule base is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. The result had shown a better performance.