| Title: |
An overview
of automobile starting system faults and fault diagnosis methods
|
| Author (s): |
Murugesan V.
M., Chandramohan G., Rudramoorthy R., Senthil Kumar M., Ashok Kumar
L., Basha D. and Vishnu Murthy K. |
| Abstract: |
Starter motor converts electrical energy
through a battery into mechanical rotating energy. These
motors work under heavy load. They produce big power in a
short time and in a small volume. If the starter motor fault
occurred, the vehicle cannot be run, especially in emergency
vehicles (ambulance, fire engine, etc.). Starter motor conveys
its rotating energy with a pinion to the flywheel. For
initiating internal combustion engine, the rotating moment of
starter motors should be requested being greater. The starter
motor must be rotating the flywheel at a minimum starting
speed. It must also continue support rotation during initial
combustion to maintain momentum until the engine can sustain
operation. The starter motor turns for approximately 1s during
each starting attempt. In each attempt the starter motor gear
bounces out and meshes with the flywheel attached to the
engine crankshaft. During the compression cycle of each
cylinder, the starter motor torque is high, resulting in
higher force on the starter gear teeth. Because of the lack of
over current protection, the traditional starter control
through solenoid easily causes short circuit and bums out
starter. So the starter motor and its components are subjected
to either mechanical fault like wear, fractures of moving
parts or electrical faults like short interrupted circuit and
contact resistance increase etc. This paper focuses on causes
for various faults and different fault diagnosis methods and
also various developments in starter motor fault control are
reviewed in detail. The need of electronic control unit based
starting system with some of the safety features and online
monitoring system for indicating state of charge of battery is
also discussed. |
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|
|
| Title: |
Analysis of
production capacity of a yam flour producing firm using a
mathematical model |
| Author (s): |
A . O. Odior
and F. A. Oyawale |
|
Abstract: |
Yam flour is usually required for the
preparation of pounded yam which is a daily nutritional food
requirement for most Africans. It facilitates the preparation
of pounded yam for both domestic and commercial consumption.
The production process and the basic operations involved in
the production of pounded yam flour have been investigated in
other to estimate the production capacity of the company
studied. A time study model was developed and applied to
analyze the various basic operations involved in the
production of pounded yam flour. These basic operations
include; the selection
of yam, weighing of yam,
washing of
yam, peeling of yam, slicing of yam with a slicing machine,
parboiling of sliced yam with a parboiler, drying of parboiled
yam with a dryer, milling of dried yam into yam flour with a
hammer mill, packaging of the yam flour and sealing of the
packages with a sealing machine. In this paper therefore, a
mathematical model was developed with the application of
different techniques of differential calculus to the component
elements of the production process of yam flour. The study
reveals that the time it takes to produce some kilogram unit
of pounded yam flour is directly proportional to the number of
production stages involved and the time spent at each of these
production stages. This time is being represented by some
structural equations which are characteristics of the system
being studied. |
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|
|
| Title: |
A
taxonomy-oriented overview of noise compensation techniques for
speech recognition |
| Author (s): |
Syed Abbas
Ali, Najmi Ghani Haider and Mahmood Khan Pathan |
|
Abstract: |
Designing a machine that is capable for
understanding human speech and responds properly to speech
utterance or spoken language has intrigued speech research
community for centuries. Among others, one of the fundamental
problems to building speech recognition system is acoustic
noise. The performance of speech recognition system
significantly degrades in the presence of ambient noise.
Background noise not only causes high level mismatch between
training and testing conditions due to unseen environment but
also decreases the discriminating ability of the acoustic
model between speech utterances by increasing the associated
uncertainty of speech. This paper presents a brief survey on
different approaches to robust speech recognition. The
objective of this review paper is to analyze the effect of
noise on speech recognition, provide quantitative analysis of
well-known noise compensation techniques used in the various
approaches to robust speech recognition and present a
taxonomy-oriented overview of noise compensation techniques. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
The influence
of Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 doping on the microstructure and electrical
properties of sintered zinc oxide |
| Author (s): |
A. Yaya
and D. Dodoo-Arhin |
| Abstract: |
The influence of Bi2O3
and Sb2O3 doping on the microstructure
and electrical characteristics of Zinc Oxide based varistor
has been investigated. The as-sintered ceramic varistors with
different compositions have been characterized via laboratory
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electrical
measurements. Bismuth oxide doping resulted in liquid phase
sintering, rapid densification, grain growth and electrical
varistor precipitating to a spinel phase and thereby
inhibiting grain growth. Electrical property measurements
indicate varistor behaviour for both cases of doping. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Effect of
silt quantity in local soils on the hydraulic performance of
Geotextiles |
| Author (s): |
Ma'an H.
Sheet |
|
Abstract: |
This paper focused on studying the effect of
silt quantity in soils on the performance of synthetic fabrics
called Geotextiles, which is a
standard set
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to evaluate the degree of
fabric clogging.
Certain hydraulic relationships were established to determine the effect
of silt quantity in
soils on the performance of Geotextiles. From the
results we found out a relation between silt quantity and
gradient ratio, so the increase of silt quantity in soils
leads to increase gradient ratio and that causes increase
clogging degree of the synthetic fabric (Geotextile). |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Investigation
of ft and non-quasi-static delay in conventional and junctionless multigate transistors using
TCAD simulations |
| Author (s): |
B. Lakshmi
and R. Srinivasan |
|
Abstract: |
In this paper, a comparative study between
conventional and junctionless multi-gate transistors is made
with respect to unity gain cut-off frequency (ft)
and non-quasi static (NQS) delay using TCAD simulations. The
comparison is done with and without leakage current (IOFF)
matching. Two structures, typical FinFET like trigate
structure and gate all around structure with circular cross
section, are considered in this study. It is found that
compared to junctionless transistor, conventional devices show
better ft and lesser NQS delay in both trigate and
GAA transistors. When the IOFF matching constraint
is met by adjusting the gate electrode work function, the
conventional devices show no or weak IOFF
dependency due to screening effect whereas junctionless
devices show strong dependency on IOFF,
with respect to ft and NQS delay. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Radiation effects on an unsteady MHD vertical porous plate in
the presence of homogeneouschemical
reaction |
| Author (s): |
J. Anand Rao, S. Shivaiah and Sk.
Nuslin |
|
Abstract: |
The objective of this paper is to study the on
an unsteady MHD flow, radiation and mass transfer of a viscous
incompressible conducting fluid past on impulsively started
infinite vertical porous plate with variable temperature in
the presence of homogeneous chemical reaction is studied. The
governing equations are solved by using the finite element
method. The expressions for velocity, temperature,
concentration has been obtained. Some important applications
of physical interest for different type motion of the plate
are discussed. The results obtained have also been presented
numerically through graphs to observe the effects of various
parameters and the physical aspects of the problem. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Adaptive ANN
extraction for voltage flicker estimation and mitigation using
IDVR |
| Author (s): |
Sujin P. R.,
T. Ruban Deva Prakash and L. Padma Suresh |
|
Abstract: |
Electric
power quality broadly refers to maintaining a near sinusoidal
bus voltage at rated magnitude and frequency. Due to the
advancement and proliferation of information technology and
the widespread use of power electronic devices in recent
years, utilities’ customers in various industrial fields are
suffering economic losses from short interruptions and voltage
flickers. The flicker is defined as “the impression of
unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus
whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with
time”. The flicker occurs due to voltage fluctuations. The
FACTS devices like SVC's, STATCOM, UPFC and DVR have been able
to solve the voltage flicker problems by rapidly controlling
the reactive power. In the case of two different sensitive
loads in an industrial park fed from two different feeders
with different voltage levels, protection from voltage flicker
can be done by two DVRs having common dc link called IDVR.
This would cut down the cost of the custom power device, as
sharing a common dc link reduces the dc link storage capacity
significantly compared to that of a system whose loads are
protected by clusters of DVRs with separate energy storages.
The control strategy adopted to mitigate flicker plays a key
role for effective mitigation. In this paper, adaptive ANN is
used for generating reference control signal for PWM
controller to mitigate flicker using IDVR. A Newton-Raphson
based algorithm is proposed for ANN to extract flicker
components. Voltage flicker can also be estimated using the
output of proposed adaptive ANN. Since the controls do not
include any parameter which is dependent on network condition,
the performance of such controller is robust with respect to
network structure, flicker location and system loading. The
control structure is decentralized and does not need any
coordination with other compensating devices. The structure of
proposed algorithm is easy to understand, easy to implement
and attractive from a view-point of engineering. The model is
simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and IDVR controller’s
performance is evaluated. Numerical simulation proved the
effectiveness of the adaptive ANN controller in compensating
voltage flicker. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
A novel
approach to develop ECU based automobile starting system using
lab view for safe
and reliable start |
| Author (s): |
Murugesan V.
M., Chandramohan G., Rudramoorthy R., Senthil Kumar M., Ashok Kumar
L., Suresh Kumar R., Basha D. and Vishnu Murthy K. |
|
Abstract: |
Engine start is a very crucial phase in the
operation of automotive engines and the starter motor plays a
vital role in this short transient period. The quality of
engine start influences emission and also the drivability of
the vehicle. If a fault occurs with the starter motor, the
engine cannot be run, especially in emergency vehicles like
Ambulance, Fire engine etc. Starter motor faults cause some
other faults. However, a complete exhaustive model of the
combined engine starter system has not appeared to date in
open literature. As a typical mechanical and electric device
relating to efficiency, safety to passenger, car and starter
reliability, starting system based on integrated control
method by electronic control unit (ECU) and software based
monitoring system is the right solution. This paper discusses
MATLAB/SIMULINK R2007b based approach to develop an electronic
control unit for starting system to reduce the internal
resistance of the battery due to overloading, failure of
mechanical components of starter motor and pitting of
electrical contacts of solenoid switch and LabVIEW based
condition monitoring of automobile starting system has been
developed for implementation on the light duty vehicles. This
technique is effective in detection of battery open circuit
voltage, for reliable start and increased service life of both
battery and starter motor, and also for safety of vehicle and
passengers, conditions of seat belt and gear neutral positions
are verified before cranking the engine. The ECU based
starting system has potential to be used for real time
condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of vehicles with the
help of industrial computers. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Performance characteristics of a
compression ignition engine operated on brassica oil methyl
esters
|
| Author (s): |
R. Sarala,
M. Rajendran and S. R. Devadasan
|
|
Abstract: |
There is an increasing interest in many
countries to search for suitable alternative fuels that are
environment friendly. Although straight vegetable oils can be
used in diesel engines, their high viscosities, low
volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the
investigation of various derivatives. Biodiesel is a fatty
acid alkyl ester, which can be derived from any vegetable oil
by transesterification. Biodiesel is a renewable,
biodegradable and non-toxic fuel. In this study, Brassica oil
(Brassica juncea seed oil) was transesterified with methanol
using sodium hydroxide as catalyst to obtain brassica oil
methyl ester (BOME). This biodiesel was tested in a single
cylinder 4 stroke diesel engine (Kirloskar) to evaluate the
performance characteristics. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Single phase
neutral linked Vienna rectifier: A solution for the mitigation
of voltage sag
in ASD fed induction motor |
| Author (s): |
Selvaraj A.,
Paranjothi S. R. and Jagadeesh B. |
|
Abstract: |
The two
primary reasons for using an adjustable speed drive (ASD) in
industry are Process control and Energy conservation. However,
voltage sags are the most important power quality problem
facing many commercial and industrial customers. Voltage sag
problem arise because of transients in supply voltage by the
usage of heavy inductive loads. Therefore to improve the
performance of the motor and drive, new controlling drives has
to be implemented with the help of power electronics. The
ride-through capability of the induction motor during voltage
sag is taken into account that duration of the ride-through
operation depends on the initial motor flux, speed level,
rotor time constant, load torque and inertia. Also Inverter
design mainly affects the motor performance. A new combination
technique has been proposed for the mitigation of voltage sag
on adjustable speed drive. Simulation results are illustrated
for the proposed techniques. The simulation results are
compared with the circuit in the combination of diode
rectifier and normal inverter. It is highlighted that the
waveform generated by the new technique is efficient with the
reduction of the effect of voltage sag. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Fuzzy logic
methodologies for torque ripple frequency reduction in direct
torque control of an induction motor drive |
| Author (s): |
V.
Adwaith, M. Banuchandar, M. Senthilkumaran and Ranganath Muthu
|
|
Abstract: |
Direct
Torque Control (DTC) is one of the commonly used techniques
for speed control of induction motor drive. Among the various
control techniques available, DTC is characterized by the
absence of coordinate transformations, current regulators and
PWM signal generators. Though its design is very simple, it
provides good torque control. However, the hysteresis band in
DTC introduces ripples in torque and flux. In this paper, a
comparison of classical DTC technique, conventional fuzzy
logic based DTC and the 12 sector methodology fuzzy logic DTC
is carried out based on the output torque ripple frequency.
Simulated results using MATLAB/ Simulink show improved
performance of fuzzy logic methodologies over the classical
DTC technique. In addition, advantages of the 12 sector
methodology based fuzzy logic DTC over the conventional fuzzy
logic based DTC is brought out in this paper. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Effects of
aggregate types on thermal properties of concrete |
| Author (s): |
Milon K.
Howlader, M. H. Rashid, Debashis Mallick and Tozammel Haque |
|
Abstract: |
The present
research was designed to determine thermal properties of
concrete manufactured by two different categories of coarse
aggregates. For this rationale ninety six concrete cylinders
of 100 × 200 mm were casted using burnt clay brick-chips and
stone-chips as coarse aggregate with two different mixing
ratios of 1:2:3 and 1:1.5:2. The specific heat and thermal
diffusivity were measured by using semi-adiabatic calorimeter
and CRD C 36-73 (heating and cooling of the samples) method
respectively. The thermal conductivity was also obtained by
multiplying the specific heat, density and thermal
diffusivity. From the experiment it was observed that the
specific heat of concrete having burnt clay brick-chips is 13%
greater than the concrete having stone-chips. Again the
specific heat is 2 and 7% greater at lower mixing ratio than
rich mixing ratio for brick-chips and stone-chips
respectively. In case of thermal diffusivity, concrete with
stone-chips have 19% greater value than burnt clay brick-chips
as coarse aggregate. Mixing ratio also have influence on
thermal diffusivity and rich mixing ratio shows 42% and 22%
greater values for brick-chips and stone-chips respectively
than lower mixing ratio. Thermal conductivity has a linear
relationship with thermal diffusivity in both types of
aggregates. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
A hybrid
cascaded seven - level inverter with multicarrier modulation
technique for
fuel cell applications |
| Author (s): |
T.
Thamizhselvan and R. Seyezhai |
|
Abstract: |
This paper
proposes a single-phase seven -level hybrid cascaded
multilevel inverter (HCMLI) for fuel cell system, with a novel
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The proposed
modulation technique employs multi carrier waveforms and a
single reference sine wave was used to generate the PWM
signals. A two phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) between
the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)and the HCMLI is
introduced to reduce the input current ripples and also to
convert low voltage high current input into a high voltage low
current output. The inverter circuit topology has been
described in detail and their performance has been verified
based on Total Harmonic Distortion using MATLAB/SIMULINK. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Identification of DC motor with parametric methods and
artificial neural networks |
| Author (s): |
Agustín Soto
Otálora, Oscar Mauricio Losada and y Junior Francisco Quijano |
|
Abstract: |
This article contains the
development of the identification of model describing the
dynamics of a DC motor, the characterization was developed
by parametric method sand artificial neural networks, was
implemented a card with PIC 18F2550microcontroller in charge
of sampling and transmission via the USB feeding cues and
motor speed to the computer. LabVIEW program is an interface
used to plot and store data sent by the card. Imported into Matlab data
stored by the program and the identification Toolbox
(System Identification Tool) we find the models ARX, ARMAX, BJ,
OE and neural networks use a regressor ARX 111 with a
structure with five neurons in the hidden layer. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Application of principal component analysis for identification
of drugs packed in anthropomorphic phantom |
| Author (s): |
Wei Li,
Yu Zhong, Daoyang Yu, Dingjun Qu,
Bai Sun, Minqiang Li and Jinhuai Liu |
|
Abstract: |
A method of feature extraction
based on principal component analysis (PCA) to identify drugs packed in anthropomorphic phantom
was proposed. An energy dispersive X-ray diffraction
spectrometer was used to acquire the spectra of drugs and the
other materials. Features of spectra were extracted by PCA
which excels in analyzing high-dimensional data. Furthermore,
the number of principal components selected as features was
discussed. Combined with artificial neural network, a success
rate of recognition between 93.3% and 100% was achieved. It
indicates that this method is promising in detecting drug body
packing. |
| |
|
|
| Title: |
Fuzzy
bang-bang control with ANN based voltage flicker mitigation
using DVR |
| Author (s): |
Sujin P. R.,
T. Ruban Deva Prakash, and L. Padma Suresh |
|
Abstract: |
The quality of electric
power is of supreme importance to electrical utilities and
their customers. Modern equipments are more sensitive to power
system anomalies than in the past. Microprocessor based
controls and power electronics devices are sensitive to many
types of disturbances. Voltage flicker is caused by loads that
exhibit continuous, rapid variations in load current. The
phenomenon of flickering has been known since the introduction
of power supply networks. However, it grew rapidly along with
the increase in the number of loads and the increase in the
power consumed. Electric arc furnace is the main generator of
voltage flicker which affects the performance of other
sensitive loads connected with the system. Hence mitigation of
voltage flicker becomes inevitable. FACTS devices have been
gradually introduced for voltage flicker compensation. Dynamic
Voltage Restorer (DVR) has been widely used to mitigate
voltage flicker. The DVR with series active compensation
capability opposed to variations of the arc resistance and
suppress voltage flicker at the source. The control strategy
adopted to mitigate flicker in an effective and robust manner
is the key issue. A scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control
with ANN is proposed for flicker mitigation using DVR in this
paper. Two dimensional fuzzy control rules are framed based on
Lyapunov function analysis and selection of control rule with
best response to current state is done using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). Using the proposed control algorithm, the DVR
will contribute to the mitigation of flicker without
deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
The control algorithm is simulated on a power system model
with arc furnace load. Numerical simulations show the
effectiveness of the controller in compensating voltage
flicker. |
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