ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                         ISSN 1819-6608
   
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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences           September 2013 | Vol. 8  No. 9
   
Title:

The application of environmental engineering system for crops and livestocks

Author (s):

Prayong Keeratiurai

Abstract:

The study was the relationship of the size of the wind turbine blades (A) to the rate of pumping (Q) from shallow wells or water tank and the relationship of wind speed (v) to the rate of pumping (Q) from shallow wells or water tank. This model of waste recovery was application engineering system that applied to crops and livestock in vertical integration to reduce the horizontal land and the vertical wind turbine pumped water that it was done from plastic bin. The type of crop and animal farming must be completed by the fully of the five food groups. The model was implemented with animal farming of vertical integration by to build chicken coops on Tilapia and catfish ponds to be used like chicken manure and vegetable waste was food of Tilapia fishes and Catfishes. Fish types were durable and could coexist in a natural separation. The plants were grown as Kale, Rice, Chinese cabbages, Lettuce, Morning glory, Soybeans, Green beans, Peanuts. The results showed the relationship of A (m2) and Q (m3/s) that the rate of pumping of vertical axis wind turbine was proportional to the size of the wind turbine blades as the equation was Q = 0.1152 (A) - 0.0555 with R2 = 0.798 at the lowest average wind speed was 2.17 m/s and suction lift was 0.20 m. The result also showed the relationship of v (m/s) and Q (m3/s) that the increasing of wind speed was proportional to the increasing of the rate of pumping as the equation was Q = 0.337 (v) - 0.3865 with R2 = 0.89 at the wind turbine blades was 3.58 m2 and suction lift was 0.20 m. The result also showed the maximum pumping rate of the vertical axis wind turbine was 0.561 m3/s at the wind speed was 2.893 m/s, the minimum of suction lift was 0.20 m, and the maximum size of the wind turbine blades was 3.580 m2. Results obtained from this model for economic problem solving was 178, 080.00 baht/year of total of revenue from sale of vegetables and livestock products. Total profit was 69, 439.00 baht/year. Compared with traditional horizontal monoculture farming, this program could horizontal land saving, the water pipe saving, electricity saving, water saving, animal feed saving, fertilizer saving, and saving to the expenses of the family was 160, 700.00 baht/year. Also results obtained from this model were 50.64% of IRR, 1.51 of B/C ratio, and 0.66 year of payback period.

 
 
 
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Title: Establishment of rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (idf) curves for mampong-ashanti municipal area of the Ashanti region in Ghana
Author (s): Kotei R, Kyei-Baffour N, Ofori E and Agyare W.A.
Abstract:

The paper presents intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves developed for the Mampong-Ashanti Municipal area using autographic rainfall data. The intensity-duration-frequency relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period commonly required for planning and designing of various hydrological resource projects. Many sets of relationships have been developed and used in several parts of the world. This relationship is determined through statistical analysis of samples of records collected from the catchment’s meteorological station. Mampong-Ashanti Municipal area in the Ashanti Region of Ghana has a daily rainfall recording rain gauge. A total of six different durations ranging from 5 minutes to 60 minutes for return periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 22 years were analyzed. The IDF curves for the area were developed using the available rainfall data, Weibull plotting position and empiricism.

 
 
 
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Title: Identification of asymmetrical faults in electrical power systems based on signal processing and neural network
Author (s): Abdulhamid A. Abohagar and M.W. Mustafa
Abstract:

In the present era, faults are the greatest interruption for the power system utility. Theses, faults on electrical power systems are unavoidable problems and will continue to happen. These faults are effects on the power system reliability and stability, hence, diagnosis and classification of such faults in rapid and accurate way is an important issue. In this paper, combination method of digital signal processing and multi-layer neural network has presented. The methodology has divided in two steps, firstly: wavelet transform has implemented in here for pre-processing the data, which is used to extract the useful information during the fault in both time and frequency domain, and calculate the features of coefficients which is used as input for neural network. Secondly: multi-layer neural network has adopted here to detect and classify the unsymmetrical faults in different conditions such as single line to ground fault, line to line to ground fault and double line fault. Power System Computer-Aided Design /Electromagnetic Transients with DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) used to simulate the three types of asymmetry faults. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method gives satisfactory results, and will be very useful in the development of a power system protection scheme.

 
 
 
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Title:

Injection and fall-off tests transient analysis of Non-Newtonian fluids

Author (s):

Freddy Humberto Escobar, Johanna Marcela Ascencio and Daniel Felipe Real

Abstract:

The use of non-Newtonian fluids is not new in the oil industry. Some of their qualities have been used as completion and stimulation fluids, fracturing operations and enhanced oil recovery projects. Besides, most heavy oils obey a non-Newtonian behavior. Therefore, it is important to have available a practical well test interpretation methodology for testing wells through which non-Newtonian fluids have been injected. Conventional analysis has been used for well test interpretation of injected non-Newtonian fluids. The main drawback of conventional analysis resides in properly identification of the points through which certain flow regime goes. This is not the case for the pressure derivative.  Needless to say that an adequate analysis of these data will help obtaining a maximum oil recovery since it depends on a better reservoir characterization, then, a more practical and accurate methodology is required. Once the behavior of non-Newtonian injection fluids was obtained for different flow behavior indexes appropriate equations of the TDS technique were used along with conventional analysis for interpretation well test data. Both methodologies were used and successfully tested with synthetic and field examples.

 
 
 
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Title:

Characteristics and chemical composition of Solanum Elaeagnifolium seed oil

Author (s):

H. Feki, I. Koubaa, H. Jaber, J. Makni and M. Damak

Abstract:

The physico-chemical characteristics and the fatty acid, sterol and triacylglycerol compositions of oil extracted from Solanum elaeagnifolium seeds were determined in this study. The percentage yield of the oil was calculated as 3%. The saponification value (226.15mg KOH g-1), iodine value (149.1 g/100 g of oil), peroxide value (61.87 mequiv.O2/kg) and free fatty acid (13.9 mg KOH g-1) were determined to assess the quality of the oil. The physico-chemical characterization showed that Solanum elaeagnifolium seed oil is unsaturated semi-drying oil, with high saponification and acidic values. The oil contains high levels of Linoleic acid (C18:2, 67.59%), oleic acid (C18:1, 16.70%) and palmitic acid (C16:0, 8.52%). LLL (35.38%), OLL (18.91%), PLL (16.52%) and PLO (13.81%) were the abundant triacylglycerols representing more than 84% of the seed oil (L: linoleic, O: oleic, P: palmitic, S: stearic). The sterol marker, β-sitosterol, accounted for 69.66% of the total sterol content in the seed oil and is followed by campesterol (11.51%), stigmasterol (7.64%) and Δ5-avenasterol (5.37%).

 
 
 
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Title:

Fuzzy compromise approach for solving bi-level linear programming problem with fuzzy parameters

Author (s):

S. Mohanaselvi and K. Ganesan

Abstract:

In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm to solve bilevel linear programming problems with fuzzy parameters without converting it to crisp equivalent problem and obtained a fuzzy compromise solution. Since the decision variables and objective functions are represented as fuzzy membership functions, the proposed fuzzy compromise solution will be more practical and reasonable. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the solution method proposed in this paper.

 
 
 
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Title: Effect of wall thickness on the torsional -distortional response of thin-walled box girder structures
Author (s): Chidolue C. A., Aginam C. H. and Okonkwor V.O.
Abstract:

Trapezoidal box girders are often used in straight and curved bridges due to the large torsional stiffness that results from the closed cross section. However, the torsional loading on the box girder can cause the cross section to distort from its original shape, which results in distortional stresses in the walls of the box section. This paper presents an analytical study on variation of these distortional stresses with the thinness of the walls of trapezoidal box girder sections. Typical torsional loads on box girder bridges were used to obtain the distortional components of these applied torsional loads. Expressions for the generalized governing equations of torsional and distortional equilibrium were obtained on the basis of Vlasov’s theory of thin-walled structures. Using the principle of minimum potential energy of a structure, the potential energy of the frame at equilibrium was obtained and minimized with respect to its functional variables to obtain the differential equations of equilibrium for torsional-distortional analysis of trapezoidal box girders structures. Strain modes diagram were generated for various cross sectional member thicknesses and used to obtain the coefficients for the differential equations of equilibrium. By keeping the wall thicknesses of various cross sectional members (deck slab, web, and bottom flange slab) uniform, a practical range of wall thickness for such girders was obtained. By keeping the thickness of the web and bottom flange slab constant, within the practical range of wall thickness, and varying the thickness of the deck slab alone, the effect of slab thickness on the torsional-distortional response of thin-walled mono-symmetric box girder bridges was studied.

 
 
 
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Title:

A comparative study of active power factor correction ac-dc converters for electric vehicle applications

Author (s):

A. Inba Rexy and R. Seyezhai

Abstract:

The rising growth in the usage of electronic equipment’s internally works on DC voltage. The conversion from AC to DC will cause high current peaks which lead to harmonic distortion of the supply current and low power factor. This results in voltage distortion, low efficiency, and poor power factor. Active Power Factor Correction (APFC) is implemented in circuits to shape the input phase currents, so that they are sinusoidal in nature and are in phase with the input phase voltages. A suitable DC-DC converter is proposed and Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) topology is discussed in this paper. The performance of two-phase uncoupled and directly coupled Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) have been analyzed and compared with classical boost converter. Advantages of Interleaved Boost Converter compared to the classical Boost Converter are low total harmonic distortion, low input current ripple, high efficiency, faster transient response, and improved reliability. The waveforms were obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Using the simulation results, the best topology is concluded.

 
 
 
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Title:

The use of cement kiln dust as partial replacement to ordinary Portland cement in hollow lateritic blocks

Author (s):

D.E. Ewa and E.A. Egbe

Abstract:

The effect of partial replacement of cement with cement kiln dust (CKD) on the compressive strength of laterized hollow block was investigated. A total of 270 number of 450mm X 225 mm X 150mm hollow blocks using different mix were moulded and tested at 7, 14 28 days with replacement by CKD ranging from 10-50%. The results show that the compressive strength decreased with increase in CKD content. The 28 day compressive strength for 10% CKD replacement for 1:8 and 1:10 mixes were observed to exceed the minimum strength of 1.75N/mm2 required by the Nigerian National Building Code for individual block. The strength of the laterized blocks however increases as the curing age’s progresses.

 
 
 
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Title:

Non-linear behavior of d-type eccentric steel frames

Author (s):

Mazen Ali Musmar

Abstract:

Eccentrically braced frames are used to resist earthquakes as they have the capacity to maintain sufficient stiffness during moderate earthquakes and to absorb and dissipate a large amount of the energy released due to severe earthquakes. The usual steel framing systems; the moment frames require larger member sections to satisfy stiffness requirements and have large ductility capacity, the concentrically braced frames satisfy stiffness on the expense of ductility requirements, resulting in poor energy dissipation. This study deals with the eccentrically Braced Steel Frames (EBF). EBF configuration is similar to traditional braced frames with the exception that at least one end of each brace must be eccentrically connected to the frame. The energy dissipation is achieved through the yielding of a beam segment called the link, while the other frame members, including outer beam segments, braces and columns, should remain essentially elastic. The study incorporates conducting nonlinear finite element analysis to study the effect of the link length and link section on the behavior of D types EBF systems. The study involves material and geometric nonlinearities.

 
 
 
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Title:

Enhanced bandwidth efficiency in wireless ofdma systems through adaptive slot allocation algorithm

Author (s): K.V. N. Kavitha, Siripurapu Venkatesh Babu and N. Senthil Nathan
Abstract:

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), a new wireless technology promises to deliver both high data rates and long range coverage. In wireless communication channel, the effect of multipath fading is reduced by the use of OFDM transmissions. Adaptive subcarrier allocation methods exploit the multiuser diversity, which leads to improvement in performance by assigning subcarriers to users based on the channel conditions. In this paper, three algorithms are discussed to achieve bandwidth efficiency and fairness. The two algorithms named, fair allocation, proportional allocations are compared with static multiple access method. Performance is compared in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and throughput.

 
 
 
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Title:

Optimization of the production of lubricating oil from re-refined used lubricating oil using response surface methodology

Author (s):

Henry Mensah-Brown

Abstract:

Response surface methodology was successfully employed in the optimization of the production of lubricating oil from re-refined used lubricating oils. The re-refined lubricating oil was obtained from caustic treatment and vacuum distillation of used automotive gasoline engine lubricating oils. A 23 factorial design augmented with seven experimental points to form an orthogonal central composite design (CCD) to accommodate all second order effects was employed in this study. Lubricating oil additives namely oxidation/corrosion inhibitor, detergent and dispersant were used as independent variables. The extent of deterioration of the lubricating oil was investigated using neutralization number, sludge deposition and corrosion of carbon steel as responses. Optimal additive levels of 0.99 % (v/v) oxidation/corrosion inhibitor, 1.33 % (v/v) detergent and 3.0 % (v/v) dispersant; were used with a blend of re-refined used lubricating oil and virgin bright lube stock in the ratio 3:1 to obtain an SAE 40 grade lubricating oil suitable for automotive gasoline engines.

 
 
 
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Title: Integrating road safety indicators into performance road safety index
Author (s): Arowolo Matthew Oluwole, Mat Rebi bin Abdul Rani and Jafri Mohd Rohani
Abstract:

This study suggest a set of steps of combining different indicators to form a single index which may become a significant measurement in comparing, ranking and determining road safety levels in different countries and However, to create a valuable road safety performance index in terms of communication, benchmarking, policy making and monitoring. Many composite (multidimensional) indices have been developed internationally and used in different aspects of life to indicate a progress or achievements between countries. They cover environmental issues, sustainable development, globalisation issues, agriculture, economy, information technology, and more. Taking the specific road safety case into account, this study describes the different steps that are essential in the construction of a road safety performance index. The selection of indicators and data preparation are described, the issue of weighting and aggregating indicators is discoursed and the degrees of the index in terms of ranking of the countries assessed. These steps are illustrated by two weighting methods of simple average and based on theories using performance indicator data for ten African countries.

 
 
 
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Title:

A new methodology to estimate deformation of longitudinal safety barriers

Author (s):

Marco Guerrieri, Giuseppe Parla and Ferdinando Corriere

Abstract:

This paper presents a new high-efficiency methodology to estimate deformations of longitudinal road safety barriers, whose monitoring is a necessary condition for the maintenance of high safety standards. The methodology is based on the analysis of videotaped sequences, obtained by means of two matched video cameras (“stereo head”) installed on a vehicle adequately equipped. Two different theoretical approaches have been defined: monoscopic and stereoscopic. The new methodology has been used to empirically evaluate the longitudinal safety barrier deformations on an Italian road.

 
 
 
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Title: Changes in the sumampa streamflow flashiness in the forest-savannah transitional zone, mampong-Ashant, Ghana 1985-2009
Author (s): Kotei R, Kyei-Baffour N, Ofori E and Agyare W.A
Abstract:

The Sumampa stream is located in the Municipal capital of Mampong-Ashanti in the forest-savannah agro-ecological zone of the Ashanti Region in Ghana. The study investigated the changes in the flashiness of the Sumampa stream as a result of increasing human activities in the catchment by assessing the stream’s pathlength and Richards-Baker’s new flashiness Index (R-B Index), annual and decadal variation in the flashiness Index using daily flow data from 1985 to 2009. The daily flow data was generated from the stream’s daily stage data using the stream’s rating curve developed by the Department of Hydrology, Kumasi, Ghana. The landuse change scenarios and the rainfall trend coupled with 43.8% of catchment land on 5-10o slope represent a potentially high erosion risk and an important factor to influence flashiness in a fast expanding urban catchment. The stream R-B Index dropped by 12.15% and the flow pathlength by 13.89% in 2000-2009 decade. The total decadal stream discharge also decreased by 35.22% in the 2000-2009 decade. The daily stream flow hydrograph shows a decrease in the stream’s flashiness between 1989 and 2006 after which it increased above the mean period flashiness index. The increase in R-B Index after 2006 was due to rapid expansion and rehabilitation of urban facilities and is regulated by a sharp increase in agricultural activities for livelihood.

 
 
 
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Title:

Mitigation of interharmonics due to voltage source inverter fed asds by using combined control of passive filters

Author (s):

Vijayakumar Arumugam and Mahendra Babu TK

Abstract:

In this paper, solutions to mitigate interharmonics produced by voltage source inverter fed Adjustable Speed Drives are analysed. A new scheme called combined control of passive filters to mitigate the interharmonics effectively is also proposed. Interharmonics are generated because of overmodulation of inverter or due to unbalanced load. The effect of load unbalance on rectifier input current is analysed and simulation is carried out in PSIM software. First, the effect of dc link inductance on input current interharmonics is analysed. Then the mitigation of interharminics by using combination of two passive filters, One is at ac input side and another is at dc link are analysed and simulated. The effective reduction of interharmonics is proved.

 
 
 
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